This document defines special education and discusses its foundations in the Philippines. Special education programs are designed for students who cannot learn effectively in regular classrooms due to disabilities or special needs. The document outlines the principles, objectives, and laws related to special education in the Philippines. It establishes that special education aims to maximize the potential of each student and integrate them into regular schools and society. Key laws governing special education are the 1987 Constitution, Magna Carta for Persons with Disabilities, and the Education Act of 1982.

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SPECIAL
EDUCATION
AND ITS
FOUNDATION

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03
01
04
02
PRINCIPLES
DEFINITION OBJECTIVES
LAWS
Define what is Special
Education and its
foundation.
Discuss the principles of
Special Education.
What are the
objectives/goals of the
Special Education Program?
Laws governing SPED
Program in the Philippines.

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Everybody is a genius.
But if you judge a fish by
its ability to climb a tree,
it will live its whole life
believing that it is stupid.
-ALBERT EINSTEIN

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WHAT IS SPECIAL EDUCATION?
 Also known as “Special Needs Education”
 An educational program/service designed to
meet the needs of children with special needs
who cannot profit from general or regular
education because of disabilities or
exceptional abilities.

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WHAT IS SPECIAL EDUCATION?
 It is also the practice of educating students with
special needs in a way that addresses their individual
and unique differences.
 It also refers to the arrangement of teaching
procedures, adapted equipment and materials,
accessible settings, and other interventions designed
to address the needs of students with learning
differences, mental health issues, physical and
developmental disabilities, and giftedness.

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 In year 1908, the Special Education first
began in the Philippines when an American
educator, Ms. Delia Delight Rice,
established the Insular School for the Deaf
and the Blind which a residential school
located in Pasay City, Metro Manila.
 The establishment of the said school then
encouraged the government to recognize
its obligations toward the education of the
“handicapped” children.
DID YOU KNOW?

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DID YOU KNOW?
All the efforts to
uphold the rights
and dignity of
children with
disabilities
primarily root
from the
philosophical
understanding of
man.

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BASIC PHILOSOPHY
“Every child with special needs has a right to an
educational program that is suitable to his/her
needs.”
“Special education shares with regular education
the basic responsibilities of educational systems to
fulfill the right of the child to develop to his/her full
potential.”

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THE OBJECTIVES
1. The primary objective of Special Education
is the development and maximization of
learning competencies, as well as the
inculcation of values to make learners with
special needs as useful and effective
members of the society.

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THE OBJECTIVES
2. To develop the maximum potential of
the child with special needs to enable
him/her to become self-reliant and shall be
geared towards providing him/her with the
opportunities for a full and happy life.

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THE OBJECTIVES
3. The integration or mainstreaming of
learners with special needs into the
regular school system and
eventually into the community.

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PRINCIPLE 3
Parents should have
an active role within
the system.
PRINCIPLE 2
PRINCIPLE 1
Students with special
educational needs have a right
to an appropriate education.
The needs of the individual student
are paramount in decisions
relating to their education.
THE PRINCIPLES

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PRINCIPLE 6
A continuum of educational services should be
provided and, where practicable, appropriate
education should be provided in ordinary schools for
all students with special educational needs.
PRINCIPLE 5
PRINCIPLE 4
Only in exceptional circumstances
should a student have to live away
from home to avail of an
appropriate education.
The state should provide adequate
resources to enable students
with special educational needs to
avail of an appropriate education.
THE PRINCIPLES

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1987 Philippine Constitution.
Article II, Section 17
provides that the state
must give priority to
education.
OUR LAWS

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1987 Philippine Constitution.
Article XIV, Section 1
guarantees that this
education be accessible to
all.
OUR LAWS

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OUR LAWS
"An Act to Promote the
Education of the Blind in the
Philippines”
Republic Act No. 3562
Republic Act No. 5250
Republic Act No.7277
"An Act Establishing a Ten-
Year Teacher Training
Program for Teachers of
Special and Exceptional
Children."
Magna Carta for Persons
with Disabilities
"An Act to Enhance the
Mobility of Disabled
Persons."
Batas Pambansa
Bilang 344
01
02
03
04

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OUR LAWS
Section 8, Article XV
of the 1973
Constitution of the
Philippines
Presidential Decree
No. 1509 of 1978
Articles 3 and 74 of
the Presidential
Decree No. 603 of
1975
Education Act of 1982
or Batas Pambansa
Bilang 232
01
02
03
04

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OUR LAWS
Republic Act No.
9442
Section 24 of BP 232:
"Special Education
Services"
Articles 356 and 259
of Commonwealth
Act No. 3203
Article 1, Section 5
of Child Welfare
Code (Presidential
Decree 603)

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LIST OF REFERENCES:
• https://www.slideshare.net/mhia261/special-education-powerpoint
• https://www.slideshare.net/annvitug/foundations-of-special-education
• https://www.slideshare.net/jonnamayberci/special-education-education-for-all
• https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/republic-acts/republic-act-7277/
• http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/67445973!.pdf
• https://prezi.com/niwekluu_ptn/legal-bases-of-special-education-in-the-philippines/

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THANK YOU! 