Speaking is an interactive process that involves producing, receiving, and processing information between speakers. It has characteristics like clustering, redundancy, reduced forms, and variations in rate of delivery, stress, rhythm, and intonation. There are five main types of speaking activities: imitative speaking which involves repetition, intensive speaking like read-alouds and question/answer tasks, responsive speaking through questioning and giving directions, interactive speaking such as role plays and discussions, and extensive speaking like oral presentations and storytelling.

2. What is speaking?
Speaking is an interactive process
of constructing meaning that
involves producing, receiving and
processing information (Brown,
1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997)

3. Characteristics of speaking:
 Clustering
 Redundancy
 Reduced Forms
 Performance Variables
 Colloquial Language
 Rate of delivery
 Stress, Rhythm, and Intonation
 Interaction

4. Types of speaking activities:
1. Imitative speaking
2. Intensive speaking
3. Responsive speaking
4. Interactive speaking
5. Extensive speaking

5. 1. Imitative speaking:
Word repetition task

6. 2. Intensive speaking:
Directed response tasks
Read-aloud task
Sentence/Dialogue Completion
Tasks:
Dialogue completion task
Directed response task
Picture-cued tasks

7. 3. Responsive speaking:
Question and Answer:
Questions eliciting open-ended
responses
Elicitation of questions
Giving instructions or directions
Paraphrasing

8. 4. Interactive speaking:
Oral interview
Role play
Discussions and Conversations
Games

9. 5. Extensive speaking:
Oral presentation
Picture-cued story-telling
Retelling a story, news event