SPE-151819
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Water Conservation. Reducing Freshwater Consumption by Using Produced Water for Base Fluid in Hydraulic Fracturing–Case Histories in Argentina
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SPE-151819
- 1. SPE 151819 Water Conservation Reducing Freshwater Consumption by Using Produced Water for Base Fluid in Hydraulic Fracturing–Case Histories in Argentina Angeles Krenz and Juan Moggia SPE, Pan American Energy LLC; Juan Bonapace and Mariano Giglio, SPE, Halliburton.
- 2. INTRODUCTION GOLFO SAN JORGE BASIN Ubication: South Argentina Cities: Comodoro Rivadavia, Rada Tilly, Sarmiento y Caleta Olivia Population: 280.000 hab. Water Consumption: 78.512 m3 /day
- 3. Área: 3.480 Km2 Active Wells: 3800 Injector Wells: 650 Oil Production: 16.02 Mm3 opd Total Fluid: 162.2 Mm3 fpd Gas Production: 8.803 Mm3 gpd Water Injection: 143,6 Mm3 wpdCerro Dragón Average Well: Depth: 2200 m Φ: 17 to 27 % k: 50 mD Thickness: 2 to 10 m CERRO DRAGON FIELD
- 4. HISTORY FIELD PRODUCTION FRACTURING ACTIVITY Average Monthly Frac Stages: 65 Stages Average Water Consuption: 4.550 m3 Productivity & Fracturing Activity
- 5. FRACTURING FLUIDS CHARACTERISTICS: Security. Easy Preparation. Low Fluid Loss. High Proppant Transport Capacity. Low Pipe Friction. Easy Removal from the Reservoir. Common Fracturing Fluid Used in Cerro Dragón Field: Water Based Fluids. Gelling Agent Used - Guar-gum Derivatives: Hidroxipropil Guar Carboximetil – Hidroxipropil Guar Sensitive to Salt Content & Solids in the Source Water
- 6. INITIAL PHASE PILOT IMPLEMENTA TION PHASE DEVELOPME NT PHASE . 200 5 200 7 200 9 TOD AY 200 7 200 8 IMPLENTATION OF USE OF INJECTION WATER
- 7. INITIAL PHASE WATER LOADING PLATFORMS IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES IN THE FIELD 2005 to2005 to 20072007 WATER ANALYSES FRACTURING-FLUID ANALYSIS FIRST FRACTURING TREATMENT PERFORMED
- 8. WATER SOURCES FRESH WATER INJECTION WATER
- 9. INITIAL PHASE WATER LOADING PLATFORMS IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES IN THE FIELD 2005 to2005 to 20072007 WATER ANALYSES FRACTURING-FLUID ANALYSIS FIRST FRACTURING TREATMENT PERFORMED
- 10. ICD-13 Escorial Oriental LM LM-2 Zorro AG BBA LMS2 LMS-CD pH 8,1 6,8 7,4 7,8 7,8 7,2 7,1 7,6 7,4 SS en 10 min (mg/L) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SS en 2 hs (mg/L) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 STS (mg/L) < 0,1 10 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 200 < 0,1 < 0,1 Residuo seco 105°C (mg/L) 3000 9100 6200 3400 3400 4900 6600 3000 3400 Carbonato (mg/L) < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Bicarbonato (mg/L) 161 80 121 295 295 134 201 188 456 Cloruro (mg/L) 1754 8940 5502 3095 3095 4126 5158 1685 1857 Sulfato (mg/L) 46 22 24 37 37 25 10 61 14 Nitrito (µg/L) 40 80 40 50 50 30 60 < 10 < 10 Nitrato (mg/L) < 0,1 0,5 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 0,1 0,7 Amonio (mg/L) 21 43 9 9 9 < 0,01 5 3,1 13,4 Calcio (mg/L) 120 1082 601 200 200 400 721 160 160 Magnesio (mg/L) < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 Hierro (mg/L) 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 WATER ANALYSES
- 11. TABLE 3—FRACTURING-FLUID TESTS Data Test 1 30 ppt Test 2 30 ppt Test 3 30 ppt Test 4 30 ppt Test 5 30 ppt Test 6 27 ppt Test 7 27 ppt Test 8 27 ppt Water pH 7.48 7.77 7.35 7.88 7.98 7.48 7.48 7.94 Water temperature, °F 66.7 63.1 65.8 68.4 80.4 69.1 66.6 67.6 Gel viscosity, cp at 40 1/sec 858 681 923 662 622 806 590 437 Gel pH 7.22 7.46 7.22 7.91 7.65 7.58 7.12 7.65 Vortex time, sec 9 20 9 12 11 22 18 17 XI gel pH 9.27 9.26 9.28 9.18 9.21 9.08 9.15 9.25 FRACTURING FLUID ANALYSES
- 12. INITIAL PHASE WATER LOADING PLATFORMS IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES IN THE FIELD 2005 to2005 to 20072007 WATER ANALYSES FRACTURING-FLUID ANALYSIS FIRST FRACTURING TREATMENT PERFORMED
- 13. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE 99 TREATMENTS PERFORMED IN 2 YEARS FRACTURING FLUIDS ANALYSIS 2007 &2007 & 20082008 WATER CHEMICAL –PHYSICAL ANALYSIS WATER -BACTERIOLOGIST ANALYSIS ONLY ONE LOADING PLATFORM
- 14. ANTICLINAL FUNES ANTICLINAL GRANDE SUR HUETEL BAYO CHULENGO MESETA CATORCE ESCORIAL ORIENTAL OESTE ORIENTAL LA MADRESELVA SUR LA MADRESELVAVALLE MARTIN TRES PICOS ZORRO RESERO CAÑADON GRANDE CERRO DRAGON CERRO TORTUGA CAÑADON PEDRO EL GATOVALLE HERMOSO VALLE HERMOSO NORTE LAS FLORES RIO CHICO EL TRIANGULO PADRE CORTI EL CONDOR PAMPA PAMPA SUR SAN AGUSTIN LA PIEDRA EL KIKEN MARIANA Source Water 1793 Frac Treatment Performed 13 % Use of Fresh Water Reduction 4.963 m3 Produced Water Consumption IMPLEMENTATION 2007 & 2008 2008 ACTIVITY Fields Cañadón Grande Cerro Dragón La Madreselva Oriental Valle Hermoso Zorro Wells 15 7 2 1 2 1 Frac stages 36 22 6 1 6 1 Avg depth, m 2090 1750 2230 1560 1540 2480 Avg temp, °F 187 163 195 231 156 208 Frac fluid LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB-MT & LT LGB-MT Fluid volume, m3 2581 1588 347 99 298 51
- 15. DEVELOPMENT PHASE 191 TREATMENTS PERFORMED FRACTURING-FLUID ANALYSES WATER ANALYSES INTRODUCTION OF PREBLENDER UNIT NEW WATER SOURCES INDETIFICATION 20092009
- 16. 2009 ACTIVITY Fields Cañadón Grande Cerro Dragón Huron La Madreselva Las Flores Resero Rio Chico V. Hermoso Zorro Wells 14 9 1 8 5 13 6 15 4 Frac stages 24 21 2 22 13 27 20 49 13 Avg depth, m 1998 1750 650 1935 1440 2300 1180 1630 2250 Avg temp, °F 181 167 106 178 150 198 136 160 195 Frac fluid LGB-MT & LT LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB-LT LGB-MT & LT LGB-MT LGB-MT & LT LGB-MT & LT LGB-MT Fluid volume, m3 1576 1441 125 1698 1037 1703 1156 3815 625 840 Frac Treatment Performed 35 % Use of Fresh Water Reduction 13.176 m3 Produced Water Consumption DEVELOPMENT PHASE ANTICLIN AL FUNES ANTICLINAL GRANDE SUR HUETEL BAYO CHULENGO MESETA CATORCE ESCORIAL ORIENTAL OESTE ORIENTAL LA MADRESELVA SUR LA MADRESELVAVALLE MARTIN TRES PICOS ZORRO RESERO CAÑADON GRANDE CERRO DRAGON CERRO TORTUG A CAÑADON PEDRO EL GATO VALLE HERMOSO VALLE HERMOSO NORTE LAS FLORES RIO CHICO EL TRIANGULO PADRE CORTI EL CONDOR PAMPA PAMPA SUR SAN AGUSTIN LA PIEDRA EL KIKEN MARIANA Source Water ANTICLINAL GRANDE
- 17. DEVELOPMENT PHASE 412 TREATMENTS PERFORMED CONSTRUCTION OF NEW LOADING PLATFORMS USE OF LOW-QUALITY WATER IN OTHER ACTIVITIES INTRODUCTION SECOND PREBLENDER UNIT WATER & FLUIDS ANALYSES – INCREADES GEL LOADING 20102010
- 18. 763 Frac Treatment Performed 55 % Use of fresh Water Reduction 21.805 m3 Produced Water Consumption DEVELOPMENT PHASE ACTIVITY 2010 Fields Cañadón Grande Cerro Dragón La Madreselva La Madreselva Sur Oriental Resero Rio Chico V. Hermoso Zorro Other Wells 13 14 8 15 4 26 4 31 18 13 Frac stages 23 25 25 50 21 76 14 95 52 31 Avg depth, m 1842 1884 2044 2058 1905 2065 890 1586 2025 1468 Avg temp, °F 170 175 178 193 176 190 120 157 183 148 Frac fluid LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB-MT LGB- MT LBG-LT LGB-MT & LT LGB-MT LGB-MT & LT Fluid volume, m3 967 1086 1020 2646 698 3742 562 6480 1738 928 ANTICLIN AL FUNES ANTICLINAL GRANDE SUR HUETEL BAYO CHULENGO MESETA CATORCE ESCORIAL ORIENTAL OESTE ORIENTAL LA MADRESELVA SUR LA MADRESELVAVALLE MARTIN TRES PICOS ZORRO RESERO CAÑADON GRANDE CERRO DRAGON CERRO TORTUG A CAÑADON PEDRO EL GATO VALLE HERMOSO VALLE HERMOSO NORTE LAS FLORES RIO CHICO EL TRIANGULO PADRE CORTI EL CONDOR PAMPA PAMPA SUR SAN AGUSTIN LA PIEDRA EL KIKEN MARIANA JORGE ANTICLINAL GRANDE Source Water Source Water
- 19. CONCLUSIONS
- 20. CONCLUSIONS Different Water Sources Identified and Tested Modified Formulation of Fracturing Fluids Implementation of New Practices and Methodology Low-quality Water Sources Used in Completion and Perforation Compliance with Environmental and Social Commitment Goal
- 21. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION The authors also thank PAE and Halliburton for permission to publish this paper and for all the support provided during its development
Editor's Notes
- De 1793 etapas de fracturas realizadas entre el 2007 y 2008, 90 fueron con agua de inyección lo que representó una reducción del 13 % en el consumo de Agua Dulce consumiendose aproximadamente 5000 m3 de agua de producción. En esta etapa, la principal actividad se desarrollo cerca del punto de carga, en el area de Cañadon Grande y Cerro Dragon
- En la fase de desarrollo que comenzó en el año 2009, se identificaron nuevos puntos de carga para así evitar las demoras ocasionadas por la espera en el cargadero y para reducir costos de transporte. Tambien, la compañía de fractura introdujo en el área una unidad preblender que realiza el mezclado del gel a la pasada, on the fly. Esto evita el proceso de gelificado en el tanque con la consiguiente degradación de la calidad del gel por la acción de las bacterias presentes. Se continuó con ensayos de agua y de estabilidad de gel para asegurar los parámetros criticos del fluido y en el año 2009 se realizaron 191 tratamientos.
- Estos 191 tratamientos representaron la reducción de 35 % del agua dulce. E total se realizaron 840 etapas de fractura.. En el mapa se puede observar como se fue extendiendo el uso de agua de producción en otros yacimientos del area, ademas de Cañadon Grande y cerro Dragon, se incrementó la actividad en resero, Rio Chico y Valle Hermoso.