To obtain an instrument rating, pilots must train to fly solely by referencing instruments to avoid spatial disorientation caused by sensory conflicts when visibility is reduced. Flying with only instruments ignores natural senses and relies completely on aircraft systems, requiring significant practice to interpret readings and trust instruments over body senses which can experience illusions in low visibility.

7. training in flying with reference to instruments

8. instrument rating

10. • Any disagreements and conflicts between these stimuli will result in
confusion and sensory mismatch that can produce illusions and
eventually lead to spatial disorientation.