Conflict in Spain from 1898-1939 was a turbulent period. There was social unrest against political corruption and conservatives and liberals sought reforms. José Canalejas enacted some reforms but parties remained unstable. Protests in 1917 against poverty and the Rif War led to strikes. From 1918-1921, laborers clashed with police during strikes and occupied land. A military dictatorship under Primo de Rivera established censorship and repression from 1923-1931. The economic crisis of 1929 further impacted Spain. Primo de Rivera resigned in 1930 due to public hostility and General Berenguer established a milder dictatorship.

1. Conflict in Spain
(1898-1939)

2. Vocabulary-Page 196
• Unrest: Agitación
• Caciquism: Caciquismo-the rule of local chiefs and bosses
• Strikes: Huelga
• Election Rigging
• Harshly Repressed: Reprimidas
• Turbulent: Turbulento
• Landscape: Paisaje

3. Decline of the Spanish dynasty (1898-1917)
• Alfonso XIII gained control of Spain
in 1902
• There was social unrest, and
conservatives and liberals wanted to
end political corruption and caciquism
in the regenerationism movement
• The two parties were unstable, and so
these reforms were impossible to
implement
• José Canalejas was a liberal who made
several reforms like decentralization of
the Spanish government

4. Crisis of 1917
• Turbulence in Spain in 1917 led to protest movements due to:
• Public was dissatisfied with the government and Eduardo Dato
• Poverty of the lower classes
• Discontent in the army because of the Rif War
• Opposition parties demanded the government's resignation
• Military juntas censored the government's politics
• CNT and UGT unions wanted a strike
• Deteriorating social and political landscape in Spain

5. Vocabulary-Pages 198 & 199
• Faced with: Enfrentarse
• Joined together: se unieron
• Became: Convirtió
• Split from: Separar
• Hired gunmen: Sicario
• Threat: Amenaza
• Mounted: Montar
• Prompted: Dar pie a
• Targeted: Dirigirse

6. Crisis in the dynasty and the dictatorship
• Politicians from different parties joined together to form
governments, but they couldn't establish a new system
• Unions became more powerful
• Laborers and peasants revolted
• Trienio Bolchevique (1918-1921): Laborers clashed with police when they
organized strikes, occupied land and divided large estates
• Pistolerismo: Movement when the government hired gunmen to fight the
leaders of the labor movement who organized workers to strike
• At The Battle of Annual in the Rif more than 12,000 Spaniards were
killed
• A commission found that the military leaders and monarchy were at fault
for these deaths, so there was a coup led by members of the military

7. Cartoon from a magazine, 1920, Page 198

8. Primo de Rivera´s Dictatorship (1923-1931)
• In 1923 Captain-General of Catalonia Miguel Primo de Rivera led a
military coup and established a military dictatorship
• New military dictatorship tried to change many things like:
– The system by suspending the Constitution and dissolving the
Pariament and political parties and unions
– Press was censored and intellectuals were targeted
– Workers' organizations that supported a revolution became illegal
– Nationalists were repressed, and only Spanish could be spoken in
public
• Spain sent additional troops to end the Rif War and they secured the
territory in 1927

9. The Civil Government
• In 1925, a civil government was established
• The strong international economy allowed the Spanish government to
implement a planned economy
• In 1929, the economic crisis began to affect Spain as well
• Primo de Rivera resigned in January 1920 due to pressure from an
increasingly hostile public
• Alfonso XIII then named General Berenguer president, and the
government under Berenguer was known as dictablanda

10. The Civil Government
• In 1925, a civil government was established
• The strong international economy allowed the Spanish government to
implement a planned economy
• In 1929, the economic crisis began to affect Spain as well
• Primo de Rivera resigned in January 1920 due to pressure from an
increasingly hostile public
• Alfonso XIII then named General Berenguer president, and the
government under Berenguer was known as dictablanda