3. Superiority of Spandex over Rubber
(In Textile Application)
• Spandex has a higher retractive force than rubber, resulting in three to four
times more yield.
• Better aging characteristics
• Same traction power achieved with finer Denier leading to lighter weight
fabrics.
• Possibility for thermal shaping of the fabrics to be heat set to final
dimensions.
• Resistant to body oils, perspiration, lotions or detergents
7. Bare Yarn Covered Yarn
BARE
YARN
CSY
(Core Spun
Yarn)
SCY
(Single
Covered
Yarn)
DSY
(Double
Covered
Yarn)
PLY Yarn ACY
(Air Covered
Yarn)
Presented by R.D. Gupta-Indorama industries Ltd.
MMF Conference – 18th November 2011
Spandex Covered Yarn Process
8. Fiber Form Fabric types Uses
Bare Warp knits, Circular knits,
narrow fabrics
(Woven, knits and braids)
and hosiery (knit)
Foundation garments,
swimwear, control tops for
pantyhose, brassieres,
elastic gloves, waist and
leg brands, sportswear
and upholstery
Covered Warp knits, Circular knits,
hosiery (knit) and narrow
fabrics
Hosiery, elastic bandages,
sportswear Upholstery
and sock tops
Core-spun Wovens, circular knits and
men’s hosiery (knit)
Shirting, slacks and
sportswear
Core-piled Wovens Blouses and trousers
Types of Applications (Conversion)
9. Bare Yarn is used in:
Warp Knitting : Beaming
Types of Applications
10. Bare Yarn is used in:
Circular Knitting
Spandex is used in bare form therefore its surface
characteristics have a greater influence in performance
subsequent machines .
Types of Applications
11. Covered Yarn
Core Spun Yarn (CSY)
Single Covered Yarn (SCY)
Double Covered Yarn (DCY) and Plied Yarn
Air covered Yarn (ACY)
Spandex is underneath the covering yarn, therefore covering
yarn material surface will influence the running performance.
Types of Applications
15. Elastic OE rotor yarns
• The elastane core filament is fed
through the hollow rotor axis which is
covered by the rotor yarn produced in
the rotor from staple fiber material.
• Twist is not given in the core filament
yarn, thus elasticity of the filament is
maintained.
• Rotor core yarn can also be produced
on the rotor spinning machine. A core
filament (elastic or non-elastic) is
supplied through a special device via,
a guide tube. The core filament yarn
is covered by the staple fiber yarn
16. Covered Yarn Applications
• Spandex CSY fabrics are widely used for
producing stretch denim fabrics.
• Denim fabrics so are stretchable and
comfortable to wear. They retain their shape
and fit over time.
18. Versatile in all aspects of Lifestyle and Technical
Textiles, the most important requirement for
stretch garment is :
Natural appearance and hand
Body comfort and fit
Freedom of movement
Breath ability
Durability and
Fabric elastic recovery is as important as
stretching.
The degree and direction of elasticity
determines the end use of stretch garments.
Characteristics of fabric with ‘Spandex’
23. Spandex – Swimwear
• Swimming is a dynamic sport, a cardiovascular
exercise that pumps your muscles.
• Feel the drag of water on your skin and body as
plough ahead; Swimwear with spandex fiber
exhibits inherits built-in elasticity, such that it can
withstand the force of the current and resistance
of water with the same tenacity.
• It is also more resilient to distortion and can
retain its original fit for longer, and resemble the
silhouette.
24. Spandex Active – Sports wear
• Spandex blended fabrics serves
in perfect fit for your athletic or
casual needs, like yoga, jogging,
pilates, spinning, tennis, hiking,
or even golfing.
• Even high-adrenalin competitive
environments, spandex fiber-
blend sportswear are durable
and flexible, allows hassle-free
comfort.
25. Spandex blended Leggings
• Spandex blended fabric promises 360º comfort
so that wearer can easily twist, bend and flex.
• Spandex blended Leggings shall curl with legs,
soften to the skin and
• Spandex knitted Socks cushion the heel, wriggle
with the toes and pounce with runner-clad feet
in the gym.
• Spandex knitted Hosiery shall make snugger look
smoother, and feel as comfy as the second skin
• Spandex fiber, knee highs are with graduated
compression, which may help reduce the
swelling of the leg after a long day
26. Spandex in Hygienic sectors
• More and more elastics are being used to
improve fit, function and strength in
diapers and training pants.
• Spandex thread meets the challenges of a
thinner product.
• As spandex offers optimum modulus and
high elongation, there was a major shift
over the last five to seven years away
from rubber, which has been driven by
improved functionality and economics
and better design availability.
• Today the diaper market is 90% spandex
27. Spandex – New schema in technical
textiles
Increasing Mobility and Reducing Bulk of Combat
Uniforms through Engineered Fabrics with spandex.
• Too Heavy
• Too Bulky
• Equipment Interference
• Limited Operational Capability,
• Mobility, and Survivability
28. Biomechanics of Fabric and
Garment Mobility
• Knee, Seat, Back and Elbow are critical stretch areas during
body movement.
• The skin stretches in both the vertical and the horizontal
directions.
• Even for people of different shapes, weights, and sizes, the
percentage of skin stretch is very constant.
Knee: 29% x 49%, Stand Deep Bend;
Seat: 41% x 45%, Stand Bend;
Back: 47%, Shoe Tying;
Elbow: 24% x 50%, Straight Full Bend
Skin Strain (%) in the Horizontal x Vertical Directions under Typical Movements
30. Wound dressing that are soft and have comfortable stretch.
Knit- like stretchable gown sleeves and cuffs for use in protective
and clean room apparel.
Hygiene side panels for diapers and adult incontinence
garments that are less irritating and fit better.
Elastic bandages and low power wound care sleeves that may be
less irritating than conventional material.
Elastic protective covers that fit better, reducing the number of
size needed.
Elastic interlinings that are resistant to deformation.
Elastic composites that are versatile and stretchable.
Benefits of Spandex in Nonwoven
31. Medical support on the walker
brace side with spandex belt
fixer.
walker brace could protect
foot, shank and ankle.
Material: spandex fabric and
foam
Nonwoven disposable
medical spandex face masks
with earloops
Spandex is also being increasingly employed in nonwovens
especially
For the hygienic disposable and medical sectors such as:-
Medical knee
support
Elastic crepe
bandage with
spandex
High absorbency,
High elasticity.
Spandex – Nonwoven
32. Spandex garment clinic
• Therapeutic uses of spandex splinting
Encourages core stability
Reinforces propreoception
Reduces tone
Can be used to prevent
deformity which can lead to
pain
Reduce ataxia and
unwanted movements
33. Compression garments - Ergogenic benefits for athletes across a
multitude of sporting backgrounds
• Thermoregulation. [Keeping muscles at optimum temperature]—not too hot,
not too cool—to help prevent injuries.
• Reduced Muscle Oscillation (shake). If the muscles are flopping around during
activity, they are, apparently, more likely to incur “micro tears” [tiny tears in
the muscle fibers] that must heal, cause pain, and ultimately slow down
progress and performance. Compression knit spandex can hold “other body
parts” in place during activity.
• Increased circulation. Better circulation results in faster healing from injury
and fatigue…better performance overall.
• Increased muscle power output.
• Increased Proprioception. This means an improved sense of where the body
and/or the limbs are in space, in relation to the ground. Our bodies have these
proprioceptors that do this for us naturally, but high quality compression
clothing acts like a second skin, and heightens this sense.
• Fashionably concealing. They look good while holding “less-than-firm” body
areas in place.
34. Spandex in orthosics treatment of scoliosis
• The use of dynamic spandex garments in the treatment of neurological
scoliosis offers the advantage of deformity correction without the bulk
and discomfort of rigid braces. Recent clinical experience has shown that
the spandex blend knit suits have a positive effect in the treatment of
scoliosis.
• The suit gives a total ‘‘body awareness’’ through proprioceptive feedback
(Laskowski et al. 2000) and therefore allows for an improved alignment
of the spinal segment.
• The extra panels give a corrective and directory force. (The rigid braces
push the spine up until the resistance is felt at which point the brace
requires further modification that can become uncomfortable over the
long-term). The spandex suit is truly dynamic and continues to influence
the correction by a long, continuous pressure even when the body
segment is at rest.
• The suit guides rather than pushes the spinal segment into an improved
postural position
35.
36. • The suit appears to counter the natural rotation of the scoliosis
by countering the natural progression of the curve and
applying a pressure to the convex side whilst allowing for
movement in the concave aspect.
• A de-rotational aspect is initiated by the diagonal and
rotational elements of the reinforcement panels.
• Muscle tone does not appear to be diminished. In rigid bracing
reduced muscle strength has been noted. All exercise, including
swimming, is possible in the suit, the only orthotic spinal
treatment to allow this.
• The suit is cosmetic and is similar to a vest in fit and cosmesis
Spandex in orthosics treatment of scoliosis
