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1. Space Science in
INDIA

3. In the early times
•Indian Astronomy -became an
established tradition by the 1st millennium
BCE, when Jyoti a Vedāngaṣ and other
ancillary branches of learning called
Vedangas began to take shape. During
the following centuries a number of Indian
astronomers studied various aspects of
astronomical sciences and global
discourse with other cultures followed.

4. Aryabhata
• Aryabhata was the author of the Āryabhatīya and the
Aryabhatasiddhanta, which, according to Hayashi
'circulated mainly in the northwest of India and, through
the Sāsānian dynasty of Iran, had a profound influence
on the development of Islamic astronomy. Its contents
are preserved to some extent in the works of
Varahamihira , Bhaskara I, Brahmagupta, and others. It
is one of the earliest astronomical works to assign the
start of each day to midnight.' Aryabhata explicitly
mentioned that the earth rotates about its axis, thereby
causing what appears to be an apparent westward
motion of the stars. Aryabhata also mentioned that
reflected sunlight is the cause behind the shining of the
moon. Ayrabhata's followers were particularly strong in
South India, where his principles of the diurnal rotation of
the earth, among others, were followed and a number of
secondary works were based on them.

6. Brahmagupta
• Brahmasphuta-siddhanta of Brahma, 628 CE dealt with
both Indian mathematics and astronomy. Hayashi writes:
'It was translated into Arabic in Baghdad about 771 and
had a major impact on Islamic mathematics and
astronomy.' In Khandakhadyaka Brahmagupta reinforced
Aryabhata's idea of another day beginning at midnight.
Bahmagupta also calculated the instantaneous motion of
a planet, gave correct equations for parallax, and some
information related to the computation of eclipses. His
works introduced Indian concept of mathematics based
astronomy into the Arab world.

8. Bhaskara
• Authored the astronomical works Mahabhaskariya,
Laghubhaskariya ,and the Aryabhatiyabhashya—a
commentary on the Āryabhatīya written by
Aryabhata.Hayashi writes 'Planetary longitudes, heliacal
rising and setting of the planets, conjunctions among the
planets and stars, solar and lunar eclipses, and the
phases of the Moon are among the topics Bhaskara
discusses in his astronomical treatises.’ Baskara I's
works were followed by Vateśvara, who in his eight
chapter Vateśvarasiddhānta devised methods for
determining the parallax in longitude directly, the motion
of the equinoxes and the solstices, and the quadrant of
the sun at any given time.

10. Present Astronomy
• India has a vibrant space science programmed
covering astronomy, astrophysics, planetary and
space science, earth science and theoretical
physics. As part of that programmed, ground
facilities like astronomical observatories, Giant
Meter Wave Telescope, Mesosphere-Stratosphere-
Troposphere Radar facility, etc., have been built.
And, Balloons, sounding rockets and satellite
platforms are used for flying scientific instruments.
India has participated in many international scientific
campaigns like MONEX, INDOEX, GBP, etc.
ASTROSAT, a multi-spectral high-energy
astronomical space observation satellite has
launched in 2009.

11. Lets Get Some More
Knowledge
Chandrayaan-1, India’s first scientific mission to
Moon, envisages orbiting a spacecraft around
the Moon at a height of 100 km from the lunar
surface for chemical, mineralogical and photo-
geologic mapping of the Moon. The spacecraft
carries 11 scientific instruments built in India,
UK, Germany, Sweden, Bulgaria and the United
States. The PSLV has launched Chandrayaan-1
spacecraft in 2008.

13. Satellites of
India

15. • India has launched more than 50 satellites
of various types since its first attempt in
1975. Satellites have been launched from
various vehicles, including American,
Russian, European satellite-launch
rockets, and the U.S. Space Shuttle. The
organization responsible for Indian
satellites is the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO).

16. Some of them are-
Aryabhata , Bhaskara-I ,Rohini Technology
Payload ,Rohini RS-1 , Rohini RS-D1,
Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment
,Bhaskara-II etc

17. Science
Exhibition