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SOURWOOD
Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.
OTHER COMMON NAMES: Sorrel-tree, Sour gum, Lily of the valley tree.
FORM: Usually about 25 feet tall, trunk 8 inches in diameter, may reach height 50-60
feet, diameter of 20 inches, trunk usually straight, slender, bears narrow-topped crown.
BARK: Rather thick, roughened by fissures separating rounded ridges covered with thin
scales, on old trunks grayish tinged with red.
TWIGS: Rather slender, first yellowish-green, later orange-colored and reddish-brown,
lenticels numerous, oblong, elevated.
LEAVES: Alternate, simple, oblong, stalked, acute at apex, wedge-shaped at base, margin
serrate, 5-7 inches long, 1 l/2-2 l/2 inches wide, smooth.
FLOWERS: Appear about late July or early August; white, perfect, about l/3 inch long,
with cylindrical corolla and borne in racemes 6-8 inches long.
FRUIT: A 5-sided, 5-valved capsule, terminated by a persistent style; capsules often
persistent in clusters that may be a foot in length.
WINTER BUDS: Alternate, axillary, small, partly imbedded in the bark, acute at apex,
scales dark red; terminal bud absent.
WOOD: Hard, heavy, compact, reddish-brown with lighter-colored sapwood.
USES: Pulp. Historical uses: Tool handles.
HABITAT: Well-drained soils, common on hillsides, seldom along streams.
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: White bell-shaped flowers arranged in racemes
resembling lily-of-the-valley; the bitter leaves resemble the peach leaf; bark of older trees
resembles that of black gum; winter buds dark red, partly imbedded in the bark.
DISTRIBUTION IN ALABAMA: Very widely distributed over the state.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE
1. A flowering branch 8. A portion of a fruit
2. Diagram of a flower 9. Cross section of a fruit
3. A flower 10. Vertical section of a fruit
4. Vertical section of a flower 11. A seed enlarged
5. A stamen, front and rear views 12. Vertical section of a seed
6. A flower, the corolla removed 13. An ovule
7. An ovule 14. A winter branchlet
93
Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.
Plate 93
This information is provided by the
Alabama Forestry Commission
www.forestry.state.al.us

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Sourwood

  • 1. SOURWOOD Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. OTHER COMMON NAMES: Sorrel-tree, Sour gum, Lily of the valley tree. FORM: Usually about 25 feet tall, trunk 8 inches in diameter, may reach height 50-60 feet, diameter of 20 inches, trunk usually straight, slender, bears narrow-topped crown. BARK: Rather thick, roughened by fissures separating rounded ridges covered with thin scales, on old trunks grayish tinged with red. TWIGS: Rather slender, first yellowish-green, later orange-colored and reddish-brown, lenticels numerous, oblong, elevated. LEAVES: Alternate, simple, oblong, stalked, acute at apex, wedge-shaped at base, margin serrate, 5-7 inches long, 1 l/2-2 l/2 inches wide, smooth. FLOWERS: Appear about late July or early August; white, perfect, about l/3 inch long, with cylindrical corolla and borne in racemes 6-8 inches long. FRUIT: A 5-sided, 5-valved capsule, terminated by a persistent style; capsules often persistent in clusters that may be a foot in length. WINTER BUDS: Alternate, axillary, small, partly imbedded in the bark, acute at apex, scales dark red; terminal bud absent. WOOD: Hard, heavy, compact, reddish-brown with lighter-colored sapwood. USES: Pulp. Historical uses: Tool handles. HABITAT: Well-drained soils, common on hillsides, seldom along streams. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: White bell-shaped flowers arranged in racemes resembling lily-of-the-valley; the bitter leaves resemble the peach leaf; bark of older trees resembles that of black gum; winter buds dark red, partly imbedded in the bark. DISTRIBUTION IN ALABAMA: Very widely distributed over the state. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1. A flowering branch 8. A portion of a fruit 2. Diagram of a flower 9. Cross section of a fruit 3. A flower 10. Vertical section of a fruit 4. Vertical section of a flower 11. A seed enlarged 5. A stamen, front and rear views 12. Vertical section of a seed 6. A flower, the corolla removed 13. An ovule 7. An ovule 14. A winter branchlet 93
  • 2. Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. Plate 93 This information is provided by the Alabama Forestry Commission www.forestry.state.al.us