This document provides an overview of teaching the elements of language, focusing on sounds (phonology). It defines phonology and phonetics, and classifies consonant and vowel sounds according to their voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation. Consonant sounds are further categorized in tables with their corresponding IPA symbols. Vowel sounds are described based on tongue placement, position, tenseness, and lip rounding, and examples are provided in a table with IPA symbols. The International Phonetic Alphabet is introduced for representing sounds in writing.