1. The document discusses the use of "have to" and "has to" to express obligation in different tenses and for different subjects (I, you, they, he/she/it) in English and Swahili. 2. Examples are provided to show how to use "have to" and "has to" in the present tense for different subjects, and how "has to" is only used for third person singular subjects like "he/she/it" while all other subjects use "have to". 3. The use of "have to" is also explained for future tense, where "has to" is not used at all and all subjects take "have to" instead. Last

1. Somo la 28
1. (a). Matumizi ya Have to kwa tafsiri ya lazimu Katika Wakati uliopo:-
- Kanuni ya sentensi: N+ HAVE TO + T(BF).
- Kanuni ya swali: - S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)?
- S ni do.
(1).(a).(i). Kiswahili: Inanilazimu kuzungumza Kiingereza cha Kimarekani.
Kiingereza: I have to speak American English.
Kanuni: N+HAVE TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Ai hevu tu spiki Amerikani Inglish).
(1).(a).(ii). Kiswahili: Je, inakulazimu kuzungumza Kiingereza cha Kimarekani?
Kiingereza: Do you have to speak American English?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO +T(BF)
Tamka: (Du yu hevu tu spiki Amerikani Inglish)?
(1).(a).(iii). Kiswahili: Ndiyo, inanilazimu kuzungumza Kiingereza cha Kimarekani.
Kiingereza: Yes, I have to speak American English.
Kanuni: YES+ N+HAVE TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Yesi, Ai hevu tu spiki Amerikani Inglish).
(1).(a).(iv). Kiswahili: Hapana, hainilazimu kuzungumza Kiingereza cha Kimarekani.
Kiingereza: No, I don’t have to speak American English.
Tamka: (No, Ai donti hevu tu spiki Amerikani Inglish).
Mifano hii hapo juu inawakilisha nafsi zote isipokuwa nafsi ya tatu umoja tu, kwani nafsi ya
tatu umoja, yaani he, she au it katika sentensi ya kawaida hutumia has to na katika swali
saidizi yake ni does kama ionekanavyo katika mifano ifuatayo :-
(1).(b). Matumizi ya Has to kwa tafsiri ya lazimu - Katika Wakati uliopo:-
- Kanuni ya sentensi: N+ HAS TO + T(BF).
- Kanuni ya swali: - S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)?
- S ni Does).
(1).(b).(i). Kiswahili: Musa inamlazimu kwenda mjini.
Kiingereza: Musa has to go to town.
Kanuni: N +HAS TO+T(BF)
Tamka: ( Musa hez tu go tu tauni).
(1).(b).(ii).Kiswahili: Je, Musa inamlazimu kwenda mjini?
Kiingereza: Does Musa have to go to town?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO+ T(BF)
Tamka: (Dazi Musa hevu tu go tu tauni)?
(1).

2. (1).(b).(ii). Kiswahili: Ndiyo, Musa inamlazimu kwenda mjini.
Kiingereza: Yes, Musa has to go to town.
Kanuni: YES +N +HAS TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Yesi, Musa hez tu go tu tauni).
(1).(b).(iii). Kiswahili: Hapana, Musa haimlazimu kwenda mjini.
Kiingereza : No, Musa doesn’t have to go to town.
Tamka: (No, Musa dazinti hevu tu go tu tauni).
(1).(b).(iv). Kiswahili: Hapana, Musa haimlazimu kwenda pahala.
Kiingereza: No, Musa has to go nowhere.
Tamka: (No, Musa hez tu go nowea).
(1).(b).(v). Kiswahili: Hapana, Musa haimlazimu kwenda pahala popote.
Kiingereza: No, Musa doesn’t have to go anywhere.
Tamka: (No, Musa dazinti hevu tu go enewea).
Mfano huu hapo juu unawakilisha nafsi ya tatu umoja tu yaani jina kama hili la Musa au
kiwakilishi cha jina yaani he, she au it. Soma tena kwa makini ili uone ilipotumika has to na
ilipotumika have to.
ZOEZI LA 28.
Kiingereza: Change into English the following Swahili sentences:-
Tamka: (Chenji intu Inglish dhe folowing Swahili sentensezi):-
Kiswahili: Zibadilishe katika Kiingereza sentensi za Kiswahili zifuatazo:-
Swali namba. (1).
(1).(a).(i). Je, inanilazimu/nalazimika kuzungumza Kiingereza?
- S ni do, tamka (du).
- T(BF) ni speak, tamka (spik).
_____ _____ ______ ____ ________ _______________?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(1).(a).(ii). Ndiyo, inakulazimu/unalazimika kuzungumza Kiingereza.
______ ______ _______ ____ ____________ _______________.
Kanuni: YES + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(1).(a).(iii).Hapana, haikulazimu/haulazimiki kuzungumza Kiingereza.
_____ ______ __________ ________________.
Kanuni: NO + N + DON’T HAVE TO + T(BF)
(1).(a).(iv).Hapana, haikulazimu/haulazimiki kuzungumza kitu. {Tumia nothing, tamka
(nathing)}.
______ ______ _______ ____ __________ ______________
Kanuni: NO + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(1).(a).(v).Hapana, haikulazimu/haulazimiki kuzungumza kitu chochote.
- {Tumia – anything, tamka (enething)}.
_____ _____ ________ ______ ____ _________ ______________.
Kanuni: NO + N + DON’T + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(2).

3. (1).(b).(i).Je, yeye ’mwanaume“ inamlazimu/analazimika kwenda London?
- S ni Does, tamka (dazi).
- T(BF) ni go, tamka (go).
_______ _______ ______ ____ ______ _____ _____________?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(1).(b).(ii).Ndiyo, inamlazimu/analazimika kwenda London.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _________ _____ _____________.
Kanuni: YES + N + HAS TO + T(BF)
(1).(b).(iii).Hapana, haimlazimu/halazimiki kwenda London.
______ _____ _________ _______ ____ _______ ____ _____________.
Kanuni: NO + N + DOESN’T + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(1).(b).(iv).Hapana, haimlazimu/halazimiki kwenda pahala. (Tumia nowhere).
_____ ______ _____ _____ ________ __________________.
Kanuni: NO + N + HAS TO + T(BF)
(1).(b).(v).Hapana, haimlazimu/halazimiki kwenda pahala popote. (Tumia anywhere).
_____ _____ __________ _______ _____ ________ ____________.
Kanuni: NO + N + DOESN’T + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(2).(a). Matumizi ya Have to kwa tafsiri ya lazimu - katika Wakati ujao:-
Kanuni ya sentensi: N + S + HAVE TO + T(BF).
Kanuni ya swali: S + N + HAVE TO +T(BF)?
- S ni will.
(2).(a).(i). Kiswahili: Itanilazimu kula ugali na maharage.
Kiingereza: I will have to eat ugali with beans.
Kanuni: N+S +HAVE TO+T(BF).
Tamka: (Ai wil hevu tu iti ugali withi binzi).
(2).(a).(ii).Kiswahili: Je, itakulazimu kula ugali na maharage?
Kiingereza: Will you have to eat ugali with beans?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Wil yu hevu tu iti ugali withi binzi)?
(2).(a).(iii). Kiswahili: Ndiyo, itanilazimu kula ugali na maharage.
Kiingereza: Yes, I will have to eat ugali with beans.
Kanuni: YES+N+S +HAVE TO + T(BF).
Tamka: (Yesi, Ai wil hevu tu iti ugali withi binzi).
(2).(a).(iv). Kiswahili: Hapana, haitanilazimu kula ugali na maharage.
Kiingereza: No, I will not have to eat ugali with beans.
Tamka: (No, Ai wil noti hevu tu iti ugali withi binzi).
(2).(a).(v). Kiswahili: Hapana, haitanilazimu kula kitu.
Kiingereza: No, I will have to eat nothing.
Tamka: (No, Ai wil hevu tu iti nathing).
(3).

4. (2).(a).(vi). Kiswahili: Hapana, haitanilazimu kula kitu chochote.
Kiingereza: No, I won’t have to eat anything.
Tamka: (No, Ai wonti hevu tu iti enething).
Mifano hii inawakilisha nafsi ya kwanza yote, ya pili yote na ya tatu uwingi yote, yaani
inawakilisha I, we, you, you na they, he, she na it, kwani hata katika he, she na it hutumia
have to na siyo has to, na hali hii imesababishwa na kuwepo kwa will katika wakati ujao.
Soma mfano namba 2(b) hapo chini ili uone matumizi ya have to katika nafsi ya tatu umoja.
(2).(b). Matumizi ya Has to kwa tafsiri ya lazimu- katika wakati ujao:-
Kwa kifupi katika wakati ujao, has to haitumiki kabisa kwasababu will lazima iende na
have to hata katika he, she na it, hivyobasi usishangae kuona katika mifano ifuatayo
Janeth anaenda sambamba na have to badala ya has to.
- Kanuni ya Sentensi: N + S + HAVE TO + T(BF).
- Kanuni ya swali: S + N + HAVE TO +T(BF)?
- S ni will.
(2).(b).(i). Kiswahili: Janeth itamlazimu kuendesha gari dogo.
Kiingereza: Janeth will have to drive a car.
Kanuni: N +S+HAVE TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Jenet wil hevu tu draivu e ka).
(2).(b).(ii).Kiswahili: Je, Janeth itamlazimu kuendesha gari dogo?
Kiingereza: Will Janeth have to drive a car?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Wil Jeneti hevu tu draivu e ka)?
(2).(b). (iii). Jibu: Ndiyo, Janeth itamlazimu kuendesha gari dogo.
Kiingereza: Yes, Janeth will have to drive a car.
Kanuni: YES+ N +S+ HAVE TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Yesi, Jenet wil hevu tu draivu e ka).
(2).(b). (iv). Jibu: Hapana, Janeth haitamlazimu kuendesha gari dogo.
Kiingereza: No, Janeth will not have to drive a car.
Tamka: (No, Jenet wil noti hevu tu draivu a ka).
(2).(b).(v). Jibu: Hapana, Janeth haitamlazimu kuendesha gari dogo lolote.
Kiingereza: No, Janeth will not have to drive any car.
Tamka: (No, Jenet wil noti hevu tu draivu ene ka).
Mfano huu unawakilisha nafsi ya tatu umoja tu yaani jina kama hili la Jeneth au kiwakilishi
cha jina yaani he, she na it. Hapa Has to haijatumika kabisa kwasababu kanuni yenyewe ina
saidizi will, hivyo basi will lazima iende na have to na siyo has to.
(4).

5. ZOEZI LA 28.
Kiingereza: Change into English the following Swahili sentences:-
Tamka: (Chenji intu Inglish dhe folowing Swahili sentensezi):-
Kiswahili: Zibadilishe katika Kiingereza sentensi za Kiswahili zifuatazo:-
Swali namba (2).
(2).(a).(i). Je, wao itawalazimu/watalazimika kupigana?
- {S ni will, tamka (wil). {T(BF) ni fight, tamka (fait)}.
______ ________ _______ _____ ____________?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(2).(a).(ii). Ndiyo, wao itawalazimu/watalazimika kupigana.
_______ _______ ______ __________ _________
Kanuni: YES + N + S + HAVE TO + T(BF).
(2).(a).(iii). Hapana, wao haitawalazimu/hawatalazimika kupigana.
_____ _______ _______ _______ ____ ___________.
Kanuni: NO + N + WON’T + HAVE TO + T(BF).
(2).(b).(i). Je, Janeth itamlazimu/atalazimika kukupigia simu? (S ni will). {T(BF) ni call).
- (Mbele ya call lazima uweke you, ili upate tafsiri ya kukupigia simu).
_____ __________ ______ _____ _________ _________?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(2).(b).(ii). Ndiyo, itamlazimu/atalazimika kunipigia simu. (S ni will). {T(BF) ni call).
- (Mbele ya call lazima uweke me, ili upate tafsiri ya kunipigia simu).
_____ _______ ______ _______ ____ ________ ___________
Kanuni: YES + N + S + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(2).(b).(iv). Hapana, haitamlazimu/hatalazimika kunipigia simu. {T(BF) ni call).
- (Mbele ya call lazima uweke me, ili upate tafsiri ya kunipigia simu).
_____ ______ ________ _______ ____ ________ ________
Kanuni: NO + N + WON’T + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(3).(a). Matumizi ya Have kwa tafsiri ya lazimu - katika Wakati Uliopita:-
- Kanuni ya sentensi: N + HAD TO + T(BF).
- Kanuni ya swali: S + N + HAVE TO +T(BF)? - {S ni Did, tamka (did)}.
(3).(a).(i). Kiswahili: Wao iliwalazimu wanisaidie.
Kiingereza: They had to help me.
Kanuni: N + HAD TO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Dhei hadi tu helpu mi).
(3).(a).(ii). (i).Kiswahili: Je, iliwalazimu wakusaidie?
Kiingereza: Did they have to help you?
Kanuni: S + N +HAVE TO +T(BF)?
Tamka: (Did dhei hevu tu helpu yu)?
(5).

6. (3).(a).(iii). Kiswahili: Ndiyo, iliwalazimu wanisaidie.
Kiingereza: Yes, they had to help me.
Kanuni: YES + N +HADTO+T(BF)
Tamka: (Yesi, dhei hadi tu helpu mi).
(3).(a) (iv). Kiswahili: Hapana, haikuwalazimu wanisaidie.
Kiingereza: No, they didn’t have to help me.
Tamka: (No, dhei didinti hevu tu help mi).
Mifano hii inawakilisha nafsi ya kwanza yote, ya pili yote na ya tatu uwingi tu, yaani I,
we, you, you na they. Kumbuka kwamba had to imetumika kama vile PT ya have to, pia
jua kwamba have to yenyewe imetumika kama BF katika swali.
(3).(b). Matumizi ya Has kwa tafsiri ya lazimu - katika Wakati uliopita:-
- Kanuni ya sentensi: N + HAD TO + T(BF).
- Kanuni ya swali: S + N + HAVE TO +T(BF)?
- S ni Did.
(3).(b).(i). Kiswahili: Musa ilimlazimu kuua.
Kiingereza: Musa had to kill.
Kanuni: N +HAD TO+T(BF).
Tamka: (Musa hedi tu kilii).
(3).(b).(ii).Kiswahili: Je, Musa ilimlazimu kuua?
Kiingereza: Did Musa have to kill ?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO+T(BF)?
Tamka: (Did Musa hevu tu kili)?
(3).(b).(iii). Kiswahili: Ndiyo, Musa ilimlazimu kuua.
Kiingereza: Yes, Musa had to kill.
Kanuni: YES+ N +HADTO+T(BF).
Tamka: (Yesi, Musa hedi tu kili).
(3).(b).(iv). Kiswahili: Hapana, Musa haikumlazimu kuua.
Kiingereza: No, Musa didn’t have to kill.
Tamka: (No, Musa didinti hevu tu kili).
(6).

7. ZOEZI LA 28.
Kiingereza: Change into English the following Swahili sentences:-
Tamka: (Chenji intu Inglish dhe folowing Swahili sentensezi):-
Kiswahili: Zibadilishe katika Kiingereza sentensi za Kiswahili zifuatazo:-
Swali namba 3.
(3).(a).(i). Je, wao iliwalazimu/walilazimika kula ugali?
______ ______ ______ ____ _________ _________?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF).
(3).(a).(ii). Ndiyo, wao iliwalazimu/walilazimika kula ugali.
______ _______ ______ ____ __________ ____________
Kanuni: YES + N + HAD TO + T(BF)
(3).(a).(iii).Hapana, haikuwalazimu/hawakulazimika kula ugali.
_____ ______ _______ ______ ____ ______ __________
Kanuni: NO + N + DIDN’T + HAVE TO + T(BF).
(3).(b).(i). Je, Toma ilimlazimu/alilazimika kumuua simba?
_____ _______ ______ ____ _________ ______ ________?
Kanuni: S + N + HAVE TO + T(BF)
(3).(b).(ii). Jibu: Ndiyo, Toma ilimlazimu/alilazimika kumuua simba.
______ _______ _____ ____ ________ _____ __________.
Kanuni: YES + N + HAD TO + T(BF)
(3).(b).(iv). Jibu: Hapana, Toma haikumlazimu/hakulazimika kumuua simba.
______ ________ ______ ___________ _______ ___________
Kanuni: NO + N + DIDN’T + HAVE TO + T(BF).
Somo hili ni sehemu ya kitabu kilichoandikwa na Ras Simba kiitwacho “Let the World Speak English and
Swahili”, kitabu ambacho kikiwa pamoja na video yake kitamuwezesha mtanzania yeyote kuongea na
kuandika Kiingereza fasaha bila ya kufundishwa na mwalimu, na kumuwezesha mzungumzaji yeyote wa
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bei ya sh. laki 2. Kitabu hiki kwa upande wa kufundisha Kiingereza kanuni zake huitwa N+S+T au P+H+V,
lakini kwa upande wa kufundisha Kiswahili kanuni zake huitwa P+H+V tu. Ukiwa tayari kulipa kabla
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hiki ni kizuri sana kwa watu wasio na nafasi ya kuhudhuria darasani. Kama upo tayari kulipa kabla ni vizuri
sana kwani utachangia mtaji wake. Malipo yote ya kabla hufanywa kwa Ras Simba mwenyewe kupitia akaunti
zake za Barclays, CRDB, NMB au tigo pesa 0714 – 69 29 69.
(7).