This document discusses different types of solutions and how concentration is expressed. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, with the component present in larger amount called the solvent and the smaller amount called the solute. Concentration expresses the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent. Some common ways to express concentration include percentage solutions, molarity, molality, normality, and parts per million. Percentage solutions can be expressed as a percentage by mass, percentage by volume, or percentage volume by volume. Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, while molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

1. Solution Preperation
By
Dr. Harshali G. Wankhade
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemistry
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati

2. Introduction
Solution : It is a homogeneous mixture of two or
more substance.
Solution made up of two component-
1. Solvent
2. Solute
Solvent :
The component of the solution taken in large amount.
Or
The component of solution in which solute get
dissolved.
Solute:
The component of the solution taken in small amount.
Or
The component of solution in which is get dissolved.

3. Solutions are expressed in terms of
Concentration.
Concentration: Amount of Solute dissolved in
given amount of solvent.
On the basis of concentration solutions are
expressed as follows-
1.Percentage Solution- a. percent by Mass
b. Percent by Volume
2.Molarity
3.Molality
4.Normality
5.Parts per million (ppm)

4. Percentage Solution:
1. Percent weight / weight (w/w) solution.
2. Percent weight / volume (w/v) solution.
3. Percent volume / volume (v/v) solution.
Percent weight / weight (w/w) solution:
Mass of solute in grams per 100 gram of resulting
solution
Percent weight / volume (w/v) solution:
Mass of solute in grams per 100 ml of resulting
solution
Percent volume / volume (v/v) solution:
Volume of solute in ml per 100 ml of resulting solution

5. Molarity
Number of moles of solute dissolved in per liter of
solution.
Molality
Number of moles of solute dissolved in per 1000 gm or
1 kg of the solvent.

6. Normality
Number of gram equivalents of solute dissolved
in per liter of solution.
Parts Per Million
It is expressed as gram of a solute per million
gram of the solution.
Or
Gram of a solute per million ml of the solution.