The document discusses the formation of the solar system and properties of terrestrial planets. It provides information about asteroids, comets, satellites, and the minor planet Shakespeare. It also includes details about the exoplanet Kepler-22b and compares its properties to Earth and asteroids. Key facts about Kepler-22b are that it was discovered in 2009, has a radius 2.4 times Earth, and is the closest resemblance to Earth found so far, though its composition remains unknown.
Galaxies are large groups of stars, gas and dust bound by gravity. There are three main types of galaxies: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Spiral galaxies have winding spiral arms, some with central bars. Elliptical galaxies are large and three-dimensional spheres. Irregular galaxies are smaller and less common with various shapes. Our Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy containing one trillion stars, including our Sun. The Universe contains billions of galaxies, each with billions of stars, that is always evolving as new stars are born and old stars die.
The document discusses the universe, galaxies, and the solar system. It begins by explaining that the universe contains everything that exists, but its size and boundaries are unknown. Galaxies are gravitationally bound systems of stars, gas and dust, such as the Milky Way galaxy. The solar system is located in the Milky Way and contains the Sun and objects that orbit it directly or indirectly, including planets, dwarf planets, asteroids and comets. Black holes are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape. The document then provides brief descriptions of asteroids, comets, meteorites and other astronomical objects that make up the observable universe.
The document provides an overview of the size and contents of the universe. It begins by explaining that the universe includes all physical matter and energy, from atoms to galaxies. It then notes that the tour will focus on the part of the universe outside Earth. The document goes on to summarize how human understanding of the universe's size has expanded over time, from only a few thousand light years across to immensely larger. It lists some of the key components that make up the universe, such as matter, energy, planets, stars, and more.
The document discusses two models of galaxy formation:
1) The classical or monolithic model which proposes that galaxies form in isolation with little environmental impact.
2) The hybrid hierarchical model which proposes that galaxies form through successive mergers of smaller bodies and their evolution depends more on their environment. The document provides evidence that supports the hierarchical model including cold dark matter, observations of small blue galaxies, star formation rates, cluster shapes, and observations of the Hubble Deep Field. It also discusses properties of active galaxies, quasars, and differences between normal and active galaxies.
This document discusses different types of galaxies including elliptical galaxies, spiral galaxies, and irregular galaxies. It provides details on the Milky Way galaxy, describing it as a spiral galaxy located between type b and c, and notes that our solar system is located in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy, about 14 light years above the equatorial plane and 26,000-28,000 light years from the center. The document also discusses quasars and black holes, noting that quasars are very luminous and energetic distant galactic nuclei that get their energy from black holes.
This document provides information about galaxies and the units astronomers use to measure distances in space. It discusses the three main types of galaxies - spiral, elliptical, and irregular. It notes that the Milky Way galaxy, which contains our solar system, is a spiral galaxy located in the Local Group cluster of galaxies. It also introduces the light-year as the unit astronomers use to measure distances between stars and galaxies, where one light-year is the distance light travels in one year.
The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy that contains the solar system and Earth. It is estimated to be 100,000 light years in diameter and contains millions to billions of stars. The galaxy is composed of a disk, halo, and central bulge. Spiral arms in the disk contain dense clouds of gas and dust where new stars are forming. The sun orbits near the edge of the disk at a distance of about 8.2 kiloparsecs from the galactic center. All elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were produced through nuclear fusion in earlier generations of stars within the Milky Way over billions of years.
This document provides an overview of stars and galaxies for middle school students. It begins by discussing our place in the universe and then covers the electromagnetic spectrum, classifying stars, classifying galaxies, and the history of the universe. Key topics include the components of the universe (stars, gas, dust, clusters, nebulae, galaxies), different types of stars and galaxies (spiral, elliptical, irregular), and how stars are born, evolve over time, and die.
Galaxies are large groups of stars, gas and dust bound by gravity. There are three main types of galaxies: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Spiral galaxies have winding spiral arms, some with central bars. Elliptical galaxies are large and three-dimensional spheres. Irregular galaxies are smaller and less common with various shapes. Our Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy containing one trillion stars, including our Sun. The Universe contains billions of galaxies, each with billions of stars, that is always evolving as new stars are born and old stars die.
The document discusses the universe, galaxies, and the solar system. It begins by explaining that the universe contains everything that exists, but its size and boundaries are unknown. Galaxies are gravitationally bound systems of stars, gas and dust, such as the Milky Way galaxy. The solar system is located in the Milky Way and contains the Sun and objects that orbit it directly or indirectly, including planets, dwarf planets, asteroids and comets. Black holes are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape. The document then provides brief descriptions of asteroids, comets, meteorites and other astronomical objects that make up the observable universe.
The document provides an overview of the size and contents of the universe. It begins by explaining that the universe includes all physical matter and energy, from atoms to galaxies. It then notes that the tour will focus on the part of the universe outside Earth. The document goes on to summarize how human understanding of the universe's size has expanded over time, from only a few thousand light years across to immensely larger. It lists some of the key components that make up the universe, such as matter, energy, planets, stars, and more.
The document discusses two models of galaxy formation:
1) The classical or monolithic model which proposes that galaxies form in isolation with little environmental impact.
2) The hybrid hierarchical model which proposes that galaxies form through successive mergers of smaller bodies and their evolution depends more on their environment. The document provides evidence that supports the hierarchical model including cold dark matter, observations of small blue galaxies, star formation rates, cluster shapes, and observations of the Hubble Deep Field. It also discusses properties of active galaxies, quasars, and differences between normal and active galaxies.
This document discusses different types of galaxies including elliptical galaxies, spiral galaxies, and irregular galaxies. It provides details on the Milky Way galaxy, describing it as a spiral galaxy located between type b and c, and notes that our solar system is located in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy, about 14 light years above the equatorial plane and 26,000-28,000 light years from the center. The document also discusses quasars and black holes, noting that quasars are very luminous and energetic distant galactic nuclei that get their energy from black holes.
This document provides information about galaxies and the units astronomers use to measure distances in space. It discusses the three main types of galaxies - spiral, elliptical, and irregular. It notes that the Milky Way galaxy, which contains our solar system, is a spiral galaxy located in the Local Group cluster of galaxies. It also introduces the light-year as the unit astronomers use to measure distances between stars and galaxies, where one light-year is the distance light travels in one year.
The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy that contains the solar system and Earth. It is estimated to be 100,000 light years in diameter and contains millions to billions of stars. The galaxy is composed of a disk, halo, and central bulge. Spiral arms in the disk contain dense clouds of gas and dust where new stars are forming. The sun orbits near the edge of the disk at a distance of about 8.2 kiloparsecs from the galactic center. All elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were produced through nuclear fusion in earlier generations of stars within the Milky Way over billions of years.
This document provides an overview of stars and galaxies for middle school students. It begins by discussing our place in the universe and then covers the electromagnetic spectrum, classifying stars, classifying galaxies, and the history of the universe. Key topics include the components of the universe (stars, gas, dust, clusters, nebulae, galaxies), different types of stars and galaxies (spiral, elliptical, irregular), and how stars are born, evolve over time, and die.
This document provides information about galaxies and theories of the origin of the universe. It begins with introductions from Celestial and Cosmos who are interested in astronomy and space travel. It then defines a galaxy as a large collection of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity. It provides examples of spiral galaxies like the Milky Way and Andromeda, and notes that Andromeda is approaching the Milky Way. The document also describes elliptical, lenticular, irregular and peculiar galaxies. Finally, it summarizes the Big Bang theory that the universe began as a single point and has been expanding ever since, and the steady state theory that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant density through continuous creation of new stars.
The document discusses upcoming NASA space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing close to Earth, and provides an introduction to astronomy topics including the Big Bang theory, formation of stars and galaxies, light years, types of galaxies, solar systems, and milestones in space exploration. Key information includes the launch dates and durations of the final two space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing within 45,000 km of Earth on October 5, and an overview of how the universe formed and evolved according to the current scientific understanding.
It presents about normal galaxy and how it differs to other type of galaxy. The types of galaxies are also presented like spiral galaxies, barred spiral, ellipticals, lenticulars and irregular galaxies with examples and pictures for further explanation.
The document describes our Milky Way galaxy and the universe. It discusses the Milky Way's structure including the central bulge, disk with spiral arms, and halo. It also describes different types of galaxies like elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies. Key facts about stars and their evolution from nebulae to black holes are provided. Distances in space are explained using units like light years and tools like parallax.
There are four main types of galaxies: elliptical, spiral, barred spiral, and irregular. The Milky Way is a giant barred spiral galaxy containing 200 billion stars. Galaxies range in size from thousands to trillions of stars. The Milky Way is approximately 10,000 light years in diameter and contains a supermassive black hole at its center.
The document provides information about the universe and the solar system. It discusses that the universe contains galaxies which hold stars, planets, dust and gases. Our galaxy is the Milky Way. It also describes the inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars as terrestrial planets located closest to the Sun. The outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are gas giants. The document explains key components and movements within our solar system such as orbits, rotation, and revolution.
There are three main types of galaxies:
- Spiral galaxies have spiral arms winding outward from a center and contain many stars and dust. The Milky Way is an example.
- Elliptical galaxies are shaped like ellipses and can be football-shaped or round.
- Irregular galaxies do not fit into the other classifications and are generally smaller than the other two types.
Galaxies come in different shapes and sizes. The largest are spiral galaxies which have a flattened disk with spiral arms and a bulge in the center. Elliptical galaxies have no definite shape and little gas or dust. Irregular galaxies have an irregular shape and active star formation. Well-known galaxies include the Andromeda Galaxy, Whirlpool Galaxy, Sombrero Galaxy, and Sunflower Galaxy.
The universe contains billions of galaxies, each with billions of stars. A galaxy is a group of stars held together by gravity, and the main types are spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Stars are formed from the collapse of large clouds of dust and gas, releasing heat and light through nuclear fusion. Our solar system contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. Copernicus first proposed the heliocentric model that planets orbit the Sun, with Kepler developing the laws of planetary motion. Newton later explained that gravity and inertia cause planets to follow elliptical orbits around the Sun.
The document discusses properties of the Milky Way Galaxy. It is a spiral galaxy containing approximately 200 billion stars. The Sun is located within the galaxy's Orion Arm, about 26,000 light years from the galactic center. Key properties listed include the galaxy's diameter of 90,000 light years and mass of 1 trillion solar masses.
Origin of the Universe and the Solar SystemNikoPatawaran
The most widely accepted theory of planetary formation, known as the nebular hypothesis, maintains that 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud which was light years across.
The Milky Way is the galaxy containing our solar system, named for its appearance as a dim, milky band across the night sky. It is a barred spiral galaxy 100,000 light years in diameter containing 200-400 billion stars and is nearly as old as the universe at 13.2 billion years. The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are part of the Local Group of 50 closely bound galaxies within the larger Virgo Supercluster.
The universe is composed of ordinary visible matter (4%), dark matter (21%), and dark energy (75%). Dark matter's existence was postulated to explain gravitational forces, while dark energy causes the accelerated expansion of the universe. The Big Bang theory proposes that approximately 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began as a very dense, hot mass that exploded and expanded. Evidence for this includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the formation of light elements. Galaxies formed over time and come in elliptical, spiral, and irregular shapes. Stars form from clouds of dust and gas through gravitational collapse and nuclear fusion.
There are several types of galaxies including spiral, elliptical, irregular, and barred galaxies. Spiral galaxies are the most common type and have tightly or loosely wound spiral arms. The Milky Way is a typical spiral galaxy located in the outer range of the galaxy. Other galaxy types include whirlpool galaxies like M51a, barred galaxies like NGC 1365, and elliptical galaxies which can be very large or small dwarf galaxies. Irregular galaxies have no distinct shape.
1. The document outlines an Earth and Life Science curriculum for Grade 11 covering topics in Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, and Astronomy.
2. It includes pre-tests on the solar system, planets, and the Big Bang theory. Activities include a jumbled words exercise and an origins of the universe quiz.
3. The curriculum will examine theories on the origins of the solar system and universe such as the nebular hypothesis and provide assignments on the fate of the universe and possibility of finding Earth-like exoplanets.
Stars are formed from clouds of dust and gas collapsing under gravity. They spend most of their life fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores, glowing from the heat and pressure of nuclear fusion. When stars run out of fuel to burn in their cores, they die - smaller stars may become white dwarfs, while larger stars explode as supernovae. The material from exploded stars then disperses to form new dust clouds, starting the next generation of star formation.
The document summarizes key facts about the Milky Way galaxy and the universe:
1) A constellation is a group of stars that appear close together but are not actually physically close. Constellations help people navigate the night sky.
2) A light year is the distance light travels in one year, around 6 trillion miles. The closest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri, is about 4 light years away.
3) A galaxy is a large group of stars bound together by gravity. Our Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy estimated to contain 200 billion stars.
Galaxies come in different shapes, sizes, and classifications. The main shapes are spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Spiral galaxies are disk-shaped with spiral arms radiating from the center. Elliptical galaxies have older stars distributed in an oval shape. Irregular galaxies have an uncommon shape and contain young stars, gas, and dust. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is a large spiral galaxy containing about 200 billion stars.
As stars die out and explode into supernovae, planets begin to form.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
This document provides an overview of the key components of the solar system, including the sun, planets, moon, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. It introduces each topic in sections with brief descriptions sourced from references. The purpose is to serve as an easy to understand resource on the subject of the solar system for learning.
This document provides information about galaxies and theories of the origin of the universe. It begins with introductions from Celestial and Cosmos who are interested in astronomy and space travel. It then defines a galaxy as a large collection of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity. It provides examples of spiral galaxies like the Milky Way and Andromeda, and notes that Andromeda is approaching the Milky Way. The document also describes elliptical, lenticular, irregular and peculiar galaxies. Finally, it summarizes the Big Bang theory that the universe began as a single point and has been expanding ever since, and the steady state theory that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant density through continuous creation of new stars.
The document discusses upcoming NASA space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing close to Earth, and provides an introduction to astronomy topics including the Big Bang theory, formation of stars and galaxies, light years, types of galaxies, solar systems, and milestones in space exploration. Key information includes the launch dates and durations of the final two space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing within 45,000 km of Earth on October 5, and an overview of how the universe formed and evolved according to the current scientific understanding.
It presents about normal galaxy and how it differs to other type of galaxy. The types of galaxies are also presented like spiral galaxies, barred spiral, ellipticals, lenticulars and irregular galaxies with examples and pictures for further explanation.
The document describes our Milky Way galaxy and the universe. It discusses the Milky Way's structure including the central bulge, disk with spiral arms, and halo. It also describes different types of galaxies like elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies. Key facts about stars and their evolution from nebulae to black holes are provided. Distances in space are explained using units like light years and tools like parallax.
There are four main types of galaxies: elliptical, spiral, barred spiral, and irregular. The Milky Way is a giant barred spiral galaxy containing 200 billion stars. Galaxies range in size from thousands to trillions of stars. The Milky Way is approximately 10,000 light years in diameter and contains a supermassive black hole at its center.
The document provides information about the universe and the solar system. It discusses that the universe contains galaxies which hold stars, planets, dust and gases. Our galaxy is the Milky Way. It also describes the inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars as terrestrial planets located closest to the Sun. The outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are gas giants. The document explains key components and movements within our solar system such as orbits, rotation, and revolution.
There are three main types of galaxies:
- Spiral galaxies have spiral arms winding outward from a center and contain many stars and dust. The Milky Way is an example.
- Elliptical galaxies are shaped like ellipses and can be football-shaped or round.
- Irregular galaxies do not fit into the other classifications and are generally smaller than the other two types.
Galaxies come in different shapes and sizes. The largest are spiral galaxies which have a flattened disk with spiral arms and a bulge in the center. Elliptical galaxies have no definite shape and little gas or dust. Irregular galaxies have an irregular shape and active star formation. Well-known galaxies include the Andromeda Galaxy, Whirlpool Galaxy, Sombrero Galaxy, and Sunflower Galaxy.
The universe contains billions of galaxies, each with billions of stars. A galaxy is a group of stars held together by gravity, and the main types are spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Stars are formed from the collapse of large clouds of dust and gas, releasing heat and light through nuclear fusion. Our solar system contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. Copernicus first proposed the heliocentric model that planets orbit the Sun, with Kepler developing the laws of planetary motion. Newton later explained that gravity and inertia cause planets to follow elliptical orbits around the Sun.
The document discusses properties of the Milky Way Galaxy. It is a spiral galaxy containing approximately 200 billion stars. The Sun is located within the galaxy's Orion Arm, about 26,000 light years from the galactic center. Key properties listed include the galaxy's diameter of 90,000 light years and mass of 1 trillion solar masses.
Origin of the Universe and the Solar SystemNikoPatawaran
The most widely accepted theory of planetary formation, known as the nebular hypothesis, maintains that 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud which was light years across.
The Milky Way is the galaxy containing our solar system, named for its appearance as a dim, milky band across the night sky. It is a barred spiral galaxy 100,000 light years in diameter containing 200-400 billion stars and is nearly as old as the universe at 13.2 billion years. The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are part of the Local Group of 50 closely bound galaxies within the larger Virgo Supercluster.
The universe is composed of ordinary visible matter (4%), dark matter (21%), and dark energy (75%). Dark matter's existence was postulated to explain gravitational forces, while dark energy causes the accelerated expansion of the universe. The Big Bang theory proposes that approximately 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began as a very dense, hot mass that exploded and expanded. Evidence for this includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the formation of light elements. Galaxies formed over time and come in elliptical, spiral, and irregular shapes. Stars form from clouds of dust and gas through gravitational collapse and nuclear fusion.
There are several types of galaxies including spiral, elliptical, irregular, and barred galaxies. Spiral galaxies are the most common type and have tightly or loosely wound spiral arms. The Milky Way is a typical spiral galaxy located in the outer range of the galaxy. Other galaxy types include whirlpool galaxies like M51a, barred galaxies like NGC 1365, and elliptical galaxies which can be very large or small dwarf galaxies. Irregular galaxies have no distinct shape.
1. The document outlines an Earth and Life Science curriculum for Grade 11 covering topics in Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, and Astronomy.
2. It includes pre-tests on the solar system, planets, and the Big Bang theory. Activities include a jumbled words exercise and an origins of the universe quiz.
3. The curriculum will examine theories on the origins of the solar system and universe such as the nebular hypothesis and provide assignments on the fate of the universe and possibility of finding Earth-like exoplanets.
Stars are formed from clouds of dust and gas collapsing under gravity. They spend most of their life fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores, glowing from the heat and pressure of nuclear fusion. When stars run out of fuel to burn in their cores, they die - smaller stars may become white dwarfs, while larger stars explode as supernovae. The material from exploded stars then disperses to form new dust clouds, starting the next generation of star formation.
The document summarizes key facts about the Milky Way galaxy and the universe:
1) A constellation is a group of stars that appear close together but are not actually physically close. Constellations help people navigate the night sky.
2) A light year is the distance light travels in one year, around 6 trillion miles. The closest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri, is about 4 light years away.
3) A galaxy is a large group of stars bound together by gravity. Our Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy estimated to contain 200 billion stars.
Galaxies come in different shapes, sizes, and classifications. The main shapes are spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Spiral galaxies are disk-shaped with spiral arms radiating from the center. Elliptical galaxies have older stars distributed in an oval shape. Irregular galaxies have an uncommon shape and contain young stars, gas, and dust. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is a large spiral galaxy containing about 200 billion stars.
As stars die out and explode into supernovae, planets begin to form.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
This document provides an overview of the key components of the solar system, including the sun, planets, moon, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. It introduces each topic in sections with brief descriptions sourced from references. The purpose is to serve as an easy to understand resource on the subject of the solar system for learning.
Recent advances in space technology have allowed scientists from different backgrounds to collaborate on studying Near-Earth Objects like comets and asteroids. Studies of these objects provide clues about the origins of the solar system. Several asteroids have been discovered to come close to Earth in recent years, including Asteroid 2012 DA14 in February 2012. Impacts from asteroids and comets have significantly affected Earth in the past, including possibly causing the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. On average, objects large enough for an impact are estimated to hit Earth once every 100,000 years or so, with smaller objects hitting more frequently.
Identify different components of the universe.
Describe the Earth and the solar system.
State the Earth’s movements and their consequences.
Show the relationship between longitude and time.
Define latitude and longitude
This document provides a review of key concepts about objects in our solar system, including the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteors. It begins with an overview of the planets, noting characteristics like their composition, atmospheres, and positions from the Sun. Specific details are then given about each planet. The document also describes asteroids, comets, and meteors - including what they are made of and their orbits. It concludes with an announcement of an upcoming review quiz.
Recent advances in space technology have allowed scientists from different fields to collaborate on studying Near-Earth Objects like comets and asteroids. Both comets and asteroids provide clues about the origins of our solar system. Several asteroids have been discovered to come close to Earth in recent years, including Asteroid 2012 DA14 which had a very close approach in February 2012. Impacts from asteroids and comets have affected Earth in the past and could cause catastrophic effects if a large one collided with Earth, though such collisions are rare.
The document provides an overview of the solar system, including its origin and components. It discusses:
1) The modern view that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust that condensed to form the Sun and planets as it contracted.
2) The inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, including characteristics such as temperatures, atmospheres, and evidence of past water on Mars.
3) The outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, noting their large sizes and gaseous compositions. Moons and rings are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of the solar system, including:
- The development of models of the solar system from ancient Greece to modern understanding.
- Descriptions of the inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, including their atmospheres, temperatures, and exploration by spacecraft.
- Descriptions of the outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, including their compositions, atmospheres, rings and moons.
The document explains how scientists believe the solar system formed from a nebula of gas and dust, and how the planets formed from the accretion of matter in the early solar system.
Here are the key differences between asteroids, comets, and meteoroids:
- Asteroids: Asteroids orbit the Sun and are made of rock and metals. They are usually found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
- Comets: Comets are small icy bodies that orbit the Sun and have long tails made of dust and gas that form when they are heated by the Sun as they orbit. They come from farther out in the Solar System.
- Meteoroids: Meteoroids are much smaller than asteroids and comets, ranging from small grains to large boulders. They orbit the Sun like asteroids. When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere, they glow from friction and are called
The document discusses evidence that asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets originated from a planet called Astra that was destroyed billions of years ago. Data from the Rosetta mission showed that Comet 67P resembled material from Earth's oceans, supporting the theory that it originated from Astra's oceans. Images of asteroids revealed some have spherical shapes, likely from molten rock ejected during Astra's destruction. The document argues this new data contradicts older theories and supports Astra being shattered to form the asteroids and comets we observe today.
The document provides information about the planets in our solar system as well as other objects such as asteroids, comets, and meteors. It discusses key facts about each planet such as their position from the sun, composition, atmosphere, moons, and other distinguishing features. It also summarizes that asteroids are small rocky or metallic objects that orbit the sun within and outside of Mars' orbit, in a region called the asteroid belt. Comets are small icy objects that have elliptical orbits bringing them close to and far from the sun, developing tails as they near the sun. Meteoroids enter the earth's atmosphere as meteors and some survive impact as meteorites.
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: StructureUday Kumar Shil
The document summarizes the structure and components of the solar system. It describes:
1. The solar system formed from a large rotating cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula approximately 4.6 billion years ago. As it contracted, the nebula flattened into a disk and kilometer-sized protoplanets began to form.
2. The solar system consists of the Sun and celestial objects bound to it by gravity, including eight planets composed of rock/metal or gas/hydrogen that orbit in nearly circular paths within the ecliptic plane.
3. Most planets have their own moons, and the gas giants have rings composed of tiny particles orbiting them. The solar system can be divided into
1. The document provides an overview of the solar system, describing the planets, their orbits, and key discoveries about their properties and formation.
2. It discusses that planets can be divided into terrestrial and gas giant planets. Terrestrial planets are rocky, while gas giants are much larger and composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.
3. The properties of each planet are then summarized, including their composition, atmospheres, moons, and how observations of the planets led to ideas like gravity and orbital mechanics.
This document summarizes the differentiation of the Earth. It discusses how the Earth initially formed as a molten mass and over time separated into layers with the heavier materials sinking to the center to form the core. The two main theories for this differentiation are homogeneous and heterogeneous accretion. Evidence from the Moon supports the Earth differentiating into layers early in its formation history around 4.5 billion years ago. The Earth is now composed of concentric layers that decrease in density from the iron-nickel core, to the silicate mantle, and finally the crust at the surface.
The Solar System formed around 4.5 billion years ago from the collapse of a giant cloud of gas and dust. The inner planets are rocky while the outer planets are gaseous. Planets formed from the accretion of planetesimals, which collided and stuck together in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young Sun. The temperature differences in the disk led to different compositions, with rocky planets in the hot inner region and icy planets in the cold outer region. Over time, planetesimals bombarded planetary surfaces and the planets differentiated into layers. Some planets may have migrated from their initial orbits due to interactions with the gas disk.
The document provides information about celestial bodies like stars, constellations, and planets in our solar system. It discusses how ancient people used constellations like Ursa Major to determine directions. It describes the nine planets in our solar system, with Mercury being the closest to the sun and Pluto being the farthest, along with other objects like asteroids and meteoroids. The sun and these celestial bodies form our solar system. It also briefly mentions Neil Armstrong being the first person to walk on the moon.
This chapter discusses the origin and evolution of the Earth and the solar system. It begins with an overview of the Big Bang theory for the origin of the universe and then describes the nebular hypothesis for the formation of the solar system from a primordial cloud of gas and dust. Key points include the differentiation of the Earth into a core, mantle and crust due to melting after accretion and the abundance of iron in the Earth's core versus the crust. The chapter also provides details about the different types of planets, asteroids, comets and meteorites that make up the solar system.
The document discusses several theories of Earth's formation:
1) The core accretion model proposes that Earth began as a cloud of dust and gas that collapsed under gravity to form the sun, while the remaining material collided and accumulated to form planets like Earth.
2) The disk instability model suggests that clumps of dust and gas in the early solar system compacted directly into giant planets.
3) Pebble accretion posits that smaller pebble-sized objects fused together much faster than other models, building giant planets over 1000 times quicker.
The document provides information about the planet Earth. It describes Earth as the third planet from the Sun located in the Milky Way galaxy. It then discusses how scientists believe the solar system formed from a large cloud of dust and gas approximately 5 billion years ago. As the cloud collapsed, the hot central region became the Sun and smaller fragments formed the planets through accretion.
POWERPOINT FOR COMETS, ASTEROIDS, AND METEORS.pptxginabrin
This document provides information about comets, asteroids, and meteors in our solar system. It defines comets as loose collections of ice, dust, and rocks with elongated orbits that develop comas and tails as they approach the sun. Asteroids are smaller rocky or metallic bodies orbiting the sun. Meteoroids become meteors when entering Earth's atmosphere, burning up as shooting stars, while meteorites reach the ground. Comets originate in the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud, while asteroids are found mainly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
5. December 12, 2012 There are four terrestrial planets in our Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The terrestrial planets are also referred to as the inner planets as these planets are the four closest to the Sun. Terrestrial planets are rocky planets. They differ from gas giants, which are the outer most planets. Terrestrial planets are rock and heavy metals. These planets have a cores which is typically iron. Outside the core is a mantle of silicate rock. Terrestrial planets are smaller than the outer planets. Terrestrial planets have varied terrain such as volcanoes, canyons, mountains, and craters. The atmosphere of a terrestrial planet can vary from carbon dioxide atmosphere to almost nothing. The most complex atmosphere is our own and a primary reason our planet supports life Photo: Terrestrial Planets (2011) Retrieved from: http://www.universetoday.com/50287/terrestrial-planets /
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Editor's Notes
The solar system is an interesting and controversial subject. This presentation will cover the formation of the solar system, Earth’s geology, atmosphere, comparison of Earth to terrestrial, minor, and exo-planets; including the other objects that can be detected in the vast universe. Visual reference: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://starryskies.com/solar_system/planets.gif&imgrefurl=http://starryskies.com/solar_system/planets_top.html&usg=__tVLiiL1SVSddJuuj8ja8C2NMZ7I=&h=639&w=669&sz=56&hl=en&start=13&zoom=1&tbnid=EYkAlDcqP9wY6M:&tbnh=132&tbnw=138&ei=meXfToq-A_Ls2AXcxf2nBQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpicture%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bsolar%2Bsystem%2Bplanets%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1 Visual reference: (Logotypes101, 2011).
The Solar system was formed around 4.55 to 4.56 billion years ago. The explosion of a Supernova created shock waves in space which disturbed the density pattern of a giant molecular cloud of gas and dust. Thus regions of over-density were formed within this cloud of gas and dust or nebula, which underwent gravitational collapse. Due to this gravitational collapse, the pressure and density increased further and the nebula started spinning more rapidly in accordance with the law of conservation of angular momentum. Owing to the forces associated with gravity, gas pressure, and rotation, the contracting nebula began to flatten into a spinning pancake shape with a bulge at the center. Eventually, the nebula grew hotter and denser in the center with a disc of gas and dust surrounding it. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center formed the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disc, out of which the planets, moons, meteorites etc were gradually formed.
hotos above were taken by and are property of Marli Bryant Miller, Eugene, Oregon Brittle Structures: According to "Introduction To Earth Movements And Structures" (2006-2009), “Brittle Deformation of the Crust Brittle deformation results in fracturing of the rocks. There are two principal kinds of fractures: Joints involve fracturing without movement Faults are fractures where rocks on one side of the fracture move relative to the other side. Joints A lot of different types of fractures are lumped together as joints but really are unrelated phenomena: Tectonic joints are caused by regional stresses in the crust and tend to occur in systematic orientations over fairly broad areas. Columnar jointing is the tendency of sheets of igneous rock, usually lava flows but sometimes dikes or sills, to break into polygonal columns due to stresses as the rock cools and shrinks. Exfoliation joints often occur in intrusive rocks. They are most likely due to the rocks forming deep in the crust under pressure. As the rocks are brought to the surface by uplift and erosion, they expand and fracture. Faults Faults are classified according to the kind of motion that occurs on them Strike-Slip Faults are those where the motion is mostly horizontal. They are also sometimes called transcurrent or wrench faults. Left-Lateral or Sinistral faults are those where the opposite side of the fault appears to move to the left Right-Lateral or Dextral faults are those where the opposite side of the fault appears to move to the right Dip-Slip Faults are those where the motion is mostly vertical. Normal Faults are those where the fault motion results in extension of the crust. Reverse Faults are those where the fault motion results in shortening or compression of the crust. These faults are often called thrust faults. Oblique-Slip Faults are those with both horizontal and vertical movement.” (Brittle Deformation of the Crust). Active Tectonics: According to University of California Riverside (2010), “Active tectonics is the study of how tectonic processes are occurring at the present day. We seek to investigate how the motions of the plates are accommodated by faults, earthquakes and other structures on the edges and interiors of continents, and in so doing develop an understanding of the processes and rheologies involved in continental deformation. We pursue these aims using various complementary datasets, such as space geodesy (InSAR and GPS), remote sensing, seismology, geomorphology and field geology. Current study areas include northern and southern California, Tibet, Iran (e.g. the area surrounding the 2003 Bam earthquake, see right) and Central America. The Active Tectonics group is very closely related to other groups working on the mechanics of faulting and earthquakes. We participate in the wider program of Earthquake Processes and Geophysics within the Earth Sciences department at UC Riverside.” (The Hills are Alive). Unconformities: According to "Cliffsnotes" (2000-2011), “An unconformity is a contact between two rock units in which the upper unit is usually much younger than the lower unit. Unconformities are typically buried erosional surfaces that can represent a break in the geologic record of hundreds of millions of years or more. For example, the contact between a 400-million-year-old sandstone that was deposited by a rising sea on a weathered bedrock surface that is 600 million years old is an unconformity that represents a time hiatus of 200 million years. The sediment and/or rock that was deposited directly on the bedrock during that 200-million-year span was eroded away, leaving the “basement” surface exposed. There are three kinds of unconformities: disconformities, nonconformities, and angular unconformities.” (Unconformities). Ductile Structures: According to "Introduction To Earth Movements And Structures" (2006-2009), “Ductile Deformation of the Crust Important effects of ductile deformation in the crust include: Folds Shear Zones. These are probably the deep levels of faults, where ductile rather than brittle deformation occurs. Diapirs. These are formed when especially ductile rocks force their way through adjacent rocks. Salt very commonly forms diapirs, but many intrusive rocks are intruded this way as well. Diapirs can rise because of buoyancy or they can be pushed by tectonic forces Minor Structures. These occur on scales from microscopic to a few meters, and are useful because they provide clues to larger structures. Important structures include: Foliation: sheetlike texture due to flattening of the rock Lineation: elongation of the rock in one direction resulting in a linear structure Small folds: especially asymmetric folds produced by shearing Boudinage: tensional breakup of rock layers Deformed structures of known original shape, like fossils or concretions Rotation and shear-sense indicators Strain shadows: gaps produced when the surrounding rock pulls away from a rigid object like a pyrite crystal.” (Ductile Deformation of the Crust).
According to "Clouds R Us.com-Weather Features" (2011) “Atmosphere... The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called the atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of various gases that act as a protective shield for the Earth and allow life to exist. Without it, we would be burned by the intense heat of the sun during the day or frozen by the very low temperatures at night. Composition... More than three quarters of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and most of the rest is oxygen. However it is the remaining 1%, a mixture of carbon dioxide, water vapour and ozone, that not only produces important weather features such as cloud and rain, but also has considerable influence on the overall climate of the Earth,through mechanisms such as the greenhouse effect and global warming. (Stay with us and we'll learn more about the changing climate in a later section!) Pressure... The atmosphere consists of five layers, held around the planet by the force of gravity. As you move upwards through the layers, atmospheric pressure decreases rapidly with height and the air temperature also changes. It is these, more complicated, changes in temperature which are used to divide the atmosphere into the layers described below. Exosphere… Above a height of about 500km is the exosphere, a layer where the atmosphere merges into space. Satellites are stationed in this area, 500km to 1000km from Earth. Thermosphere… The thermosphere is the fourth layer in the atmosphere, between 80km and 110km above the Earth. Space shuttles fly in this area and it is also where the aurora lights are found. Auroras are wispy curtains of light caused when the sun strikes gases in the atmosphere above the Poles. Mesosphere… Beyond the stratosphere the air is very thin and cold. This area is known as the mesosphere, and is found between 50km and 80km above the Earth’s surface. Stratosphere… The stratosphere is the second layer of air above the Earth’s surface and extends to a height of 50km. It is here that we find the ozone layer. The ozone layer absorbs much of the sun’s harmful radiation that would otherwise be dangerous to plant and animal life. Troposphere… The troposphere is the layer closest to the Earth, approximately 11km high. Weather occurs only in the troposphere because it is this layer that contains most of the water vapour. Weather is the way water changes in the air, and so without water there would be no clouds, rain, snow or other weather features. The troposphere is an unstable layer where the air is constantly moving. As a result, aircraft flying through the troposphere may have a very bumpy ride – what we know as turbulence. You may have experienced this when flying before! Because of this turbulence, most jet airlines fly higher above the Earth in the stratosphere. Here the air is more still and clear as they can fly above the clouds. Although the atmosphere extends to a height of 1000km, it is nevertheless still very important for life on the surface of the Earth. This is because of something known as air pressure, which we will learn more about on the next page.” (The Earth's Atmosphere).
Terrestrial planets are those that are rocky and could actually support an astronaut standing on them. Other planets are made of gas and simply could not do this. The terrestrial planets are similar to earth in this regard and all have features like earth. Mountains Valleys Volcanos Metals Etc.
Comets, asteroids, and meteors are often grouped together as the objects are composed from similar materials such as small pieces of rock and ice that are not part of a major planet; however, comets, asteroids, and meteor’s are differently categorized objects that can be found in the solar system. Comets are bodies the consist of hard rock, ice, and frozen gases referred to as nucleus. Comets are formed and orbit Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt; however, the bodies have highly elliptical orbits that bring them close to the Sun (Nine Planets, 2011). Each time the comet comes into contact with the Sun it loses its volatiles and eventually becomes a rocky mass in the solar system, which cause comets to have a short life span. Similar to the comet are asteroid. Asteroids are small rocky objects that consist of a diverse population based on the various sizes and shapes. The asteroids can also be referred to as minor planets or planetoids, which mainly orbit between Mars and Jupiter (Nine Planets, 2011). The largest asteroid is Ceres, which is 933 kilometers across, whereas the smallest asteroids observed are only tens of meters in size (Nine Planets, 2011). Meteorites can be classified in four main categories that include iron, silicated iron, stony-iron, and stone. Iron meteorites are the most rare in the family with a population of about 10%, which are thought to originate from the metallic cores of planets or planetoids (Novaspace, 2011). Silicated iron meteorites possess metal patterns inside due to the clumps and veins of metal and other materials (Novaspace, 2011). Stony-iron meteorites are rare and can be classified of two kinds referred to as mesosiderites and pallasites (Novespace, 2011). Mesosiderites are a conglomeration of stone and metal, whereas pallasites are nickel-iron intersperesed with large crystals of olivine, yellow-green igneous rock, and polished tones (Novaspace, 2011). Stone meteorites are the most common bread and can be classified as two types referred to as chondrites and achondrites (Novaspace, 2011). Meteors are commonly called shooting stars as they are the white tails seen across the sky, which are caused by small pea-sized pieces of inner-planetary dust that burn up when they slam into the Earth’s atmosphere at high speeds (Novespace, 2011). Satellites are man-made objects that can be detected in the solar system. The satellites are sent into the solar system for several purposes such as civilian and military observation, communication, navigation, weather, and research. Per the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), there are approximately 3,000 satellites operating in Earth’s orbit out of roughly 8,000 man-made objects in total (Conjecture Corporation, 2011, p. 1). The largest satellite currently orbiting around the Earth is the International Space Station; the typical satellite operating life span is between 5 to 20 years (Conjecture Corporation, 2011, p. 1).
What is a minor-planet? This also includes a minor-planet not being a dwarf planet. Minor-planets are found in asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. When was minor-plant Shakespeare discovered? He named it after William Shakespeare who was the English dramatist and poet. General Information on Shakespeare. The Koronis Family is a family of asteroids in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter. Contrast to Earth Even though we do not know the dimensions of Shakespeare it is still much smaller than Earth.
What is an exo-plant? There are a total of 708 such plants that have been identified. It is now know that some stars have planets, specially half of all Sun-like stars. They were first confirmed in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby start 51 Pegasi. General Information on Kepler-22b. There is a very rough estimates to the mass and surface composition which is; It probably is a “Neptunian” gas planet, but it could also be an ocean world with only 10 earth masses. Since it is substantially larger than Earth, its likely to have different compositions. So if it is mostly ocean with a small rocky core, than there is a possibility that life could exist. The temperature depends on if this plant has an atmosphere or not. If it does not they estimate it to be the -11C. If it does have an atmosphere than it is estimate to be the 22C
The references provided were used to prepare this presentation. Reference continued Koronis family. (2011). Retrieved December 8, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronis_family Minor Planet. (2011). Retrieved December 8, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet Nine Planets. (2011). Small solar-system bodies. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from http://nineplanets.org/smallbodies.html Novaspace. (2011). Meteorites types and facts. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from http://www.novaspace.com/METEOR/Types.html Solar System Formation. (2011). Solar system formations. (CH. 8). Retrieved December 8, 2011, from http://lasp.colorado.edu/~bagenal/1010/SESSIONS/11.Formation.html Terrestrial Planets (2011) Retrieved from: http://www.universetoday.com/50287/terrestrial-planets/ University of California Riverside. (2010). Earth Science: Active Tectonics. Retrieved from http://earthscience.ucr.edu/group_active_tectonics.html