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DUAL AXIS SOLARTRACKER USING ARDUINOSubmitted to: - Submitted by: -Mr. Vaibhav Sharma Mr. Swetansh M.ShrivastavaELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONRAJ KUMAR GOEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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CONTENTS: Introduction Component description AVR IC – ATMEGA168 Sensors Tracking mechanism

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INTRODUCTIONSolar energy is a very large, inexaustable source of energy.The power from the sun intercepted by the earth isapproximatel 1.8*1011 MW.Solar energy could supply all the present and future energybneeds of the world on a continuing basis. This makes it oneof the most promising of the unconventional energysources.

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PROBLEM WITH SOLAR Problem associated with the use of solar energyis that its availability varies widely with time. Thevariation in availability occurs daily because ofthe day night cycle and also seasonally becauseof the earth’s orbit around the sun.To rectify these above problems the solar panelshould be such that it always receive maximumintensity of light.

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INTRODUCTIONSolar Tracker: - Solar trackers are devices used to orient photovoltaicpanels, reflectors, lenses or other optical devices toward thesun. Since the sun’s position in the sky changes with the seasonsand the time of day, trackers are used to align the collectionsystem to maximize energy production.

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Dual Axis Tracker: Dual axis trackers have two degrees of freedom that act asaxes of rotation. These axes are typically normal to oneanother. Dual axis trackers allow for optimum solar energy levelsdue to their ability to follow the sun vertically andhorizontally. Here we have divide sun position into five areas and thoseare EAST, WEST, NORTH, SOUTH, CENTER.

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Arduino Severino Board Arduino is a development platform for the purpose ofprograming AVR microcontrollers. Arduino Severino board is used to program 28 pin DIPATMEGA168 IC. Here we are using 16MHz crystal for operating frequency.

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ARDUINO SEVERINO BOARD:

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ATMEGA168: The ATMEGA168 is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bitRISC single chip microcontroller which was developedby Atmel in 1996. Features: - Flash : 16KB EEPROM : 1024B SRAM : 512B Clock freq. : upto 20MHz Supply voltage : 2.8-5.5V Ext. Interrupt : 24 PWM : 6

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Sensor: We are using LDR’s as a sensor to track the position of sunor density of sun light. Here we have made potentialdivider with LDR and register. Output voltage (Vo)is proportionalto light incident on LDR which isfurther processed to move solarpanel. Here we are using five sensors toTrack Sun position.

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Servo Motor: Servo motors has three wires. Among those 3 wires, 2 wires provide power supply to themotor and one is used to send PWM signals {50Hz (analogservos) or 400-500Hz (digital servos)} to the motor forrequired shaft positions. Servo shaft is rotated by an angle depending on the ON-Time and OFF-time of the pulse. Here we are using two servo motors- One for Horizontalmovement and another for Vertical movement.

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Servo motor

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Tracking Mechanism:EAST- WestmovementNorth – Southmovement

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Thanks for Watching…EXPLOREDEVELOPIMAGINE