2. Introduction
What is an energy meter ?
What is a prepaid energy meter ?
Why prepaid energy meter must be used ?
3. Working of house hold energy meter
Driving system:-
Consist of 2 electromagnets made of silicon steel laminations.
Coil of one of the electromagnet (shunt magnet) is excited by load current known
as current coil.
Coil of 2nd electromagnet (series magnet) is connected across supply & carries a
current proportional to voltage known as pressure coil.
Copper shading bands whose position is adjustable are provided on central limb
to bring the flux exactly in quadrature with the applied voltage.
Moving system:-
Consist of an aluminum disc mounted on a light alloy shaft positioned
in the air gap between magnets.
Shaft is pivoted on jewel bearings and a pinion engages it with
counting or registering mechanism.
4. Braking System:
Braking Torque is required to control the speed of moving system.
A permanent magnet is positioned near the edge of the aluminum
disc to provide braking torque.
This magnet induces eddy currents that produces the braking torque
proportional to the speed of moving system.
Registering or Counting Mechanism:
Records continuously a no. proportional to a the revolutions made by
moving system.
Train of gears drives a series of 4 or 5 pointers.
There are 2 types of registers – pointer type & cyclometer register .
6. DISADVANTAGES OF INDUTION TYPE ENERGY
METER
Induce human error while noting down the
reading.
Amount of electricity consume in rupees is not
displayed.
Creeping can cause significant error.
8. Overall characteristics of prepaid energy meter
Collection of revenues.
Loading the credit revenue into the meter.
Decrementing the revenue.
Providing the alarm.
Disconnection.
Security of transactions.
Unloading the revenue.
9. Components of prepaid energy meter
EEPROM IC (Smart card)
AT89S52
16*2 LCD
ULN2003
AT2402
Digital energy meter
10. EEPROM IC
It is called as smart card.
It is a electrical erasable & programmble read only
memory.
It is to upload the amount recharge in form of
electrical energy.
The contents are automatically deleted once it is
inserted inside the card reader.
11. AT89S52
It belongs to family of microcontrollers.
It has total 40 pins.
32 I/O lines.
8K flash memory ROM and 256K RAM.
It operates at 33KHz frequency.
Only pin nos 12,31,40,34-39,22,21,25,28 are used for
our purpose.
12. ULN2003
ULN 2003 are high-voltage high-current Darlington
transistor arrays.
It consists of seven NPN Darlington connection.
It acts as a current amplifier circuit.
It is used to run a high voltage/current peripheral
circuits.
When input terminal is high it offers low
impedance path other wise it offers a high
impedance.
Any two input and output are used for our
purpose.
13. AT2402 and 16*2 LCD display
Chip is used to read data from EEPROM through
card reader.
All the data are transmitted serially in 8 bit words.
It also verifies the code prior to read
operation(PSC).
16*2 LCD display has two row screen and each
row displays 16 digit at a time.
It also acts as a tariff indicator, indicates amount
of electricity consume and remaining.
14. Pin Diagram of 24C02
Pin Name
A0 - A2
SDA
SCL
WP
NC
GND
VCC
Function
Address Inputs
Serial Data
Serial Clock Input
Write Protect
No Connection
Ground
Power Supply
15. Digital energy meter
ADE7757:-It is a high accuracy electrical energy
measurement IC.
7805(voltage regulator):-It is Use to regulated the
power supply in electronic circuits.
MCT2E(Opto-coupler): -It is a component that
transfers electrical signals between two isolated
circuits by using light.
16. Working principle of digital energy meter
Output in form of frequency.
Energy consume proportional to output
frequency.
Relatively cheaper meter.
Human error are reduced while calculating.
Opto-coupler is used for calculation of pulses.
Output frequency can be selected for other
purpose also , such as running a stepper motor an
electromagnetic register.
18. Benefits to consumers
Pay as you go.
No need to stand in queue.
No surprising bills.
No bill disputes.
Allow customer to budget expenses.
Help customer contribute towards energy
conservation.
19. Benefits to utilities
Up front payment for electricity.
Lower overheads.
No billing hassles.
No disconnection/reconnection.
Tamper and fraud detection.
Money and time based load connection and
disconnection.
Load/demand control.