The document summarizes information about the planets and dwarf planets in our solar system. It describes the key differences between inner and outer planets, as well as characteristics of each planet such as their atmospheres, moons, and other features. It also discusses what qualifies as a planet versus a dwarf planet according to the International Astronomical Union.

1. Solar System Webquest: The Planets By: Diana Bok Science 8B Mr. Kowaliuk

2. General Information: Keywords to know. Revolve : The circular action of a smaller object around a larger object. Rotate : The spinning action of an object on its axis. Orbit : A specific path followed by a planet, satellite, etc.

3. General Information: About the solar system There are 8 planets found in the solar system. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the Inner Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the Outer Planets. Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake are the Dwarf Planets.

4. General Information: About Inner and Outer Planets Inner Planets: solid spheres of rock Closest to the Sun Have more craters, because of the asteroid and the meteorites Outer Planets: gaseous spheres with rings Far from the Sun Bigger in size than the Inner Planets

5. General Information: More about Planets There are more craters found in the inner planets, because they are closer to the asteroid belt. 3 requirements to become a “planet”: Must be in orbit around the Sun Have enough mass so that it has become round in shape due to its own gravity Have cleared out its orbital path around the Sun

6. General Information: Dwarf Planet What? a new class of astronomical objects When? created in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union Why? Failed the 3 requirements of Planets Officially declared that they are not planets Pluto, Ceres, and Eris.

7. The Inner Planets: Mercury Atmosphere: The distance from the Sun is very close, so there is no substantial atmosphere. 2 Elements found in the atmosphere: Sodium Helium 3 processes that shaped Mercury: impact cratering = crater formation Volcanism = lava flooded the surface Tectonic activity = the planet's crust moved in order to adjust to the planetary cooling and contracting

8. The Inner Planets: Venus “ Evening Star”: The brightest planet that can be viewed from Earth 2 Elements: Carbon Dioxide Sulfuric Acid Retrograde Rotation: Rotates clockwise slowly, which is different from the other planets “ Retrograde”: having a direction which is opposite that of similar bodies.

9. The Inner Planets: Venus Day on Venus > Year on Venus: Rotation of Venus is opposite. Sun’s direction in Venus: Venus rotates opposite from other planets, so the sun will rise in West and set in East Why the hottest: First of the solar system, meaning the closest to the Sun. Can melt lead during daytime.

10. The Inner Planets: Earth Atmosphere: 21% oxygen,78% nitrogen,9% argon. other 0.1%=water vapor, carbon dioxide, neon, methane, krypton, helium, xenon, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone Atmosphere protects us from: Solar radiation Meteors

11. The Inner Planets: Earth Rotational tilt: Axis titled 23.5 degrees Magnetic Field: Earth has a core of molten iron-nickel. The rapid spin of the Earth along with the liquid, hot metallic core causes a magnetic field Satellite of the Earth = Moon.

12. The Inner Planets: Mars Evidence of life: Scientists studied meteorites from Mars and found bacteria and other signs that life may have once existed on Mars. Atmosphere: 95% Carbon Dioxide Reddish-orange appearance: presence of iron in various rocks and soils

13. The Inner Planets: Mars Olympus Mons: The tallest mountain in the solar system Over 26km above its base. Satellites of Mars: Phobos & Deimos Asteroids captured by Mar’s weak gravitational field

14. The Outer Planets: Jupiter Shape of the planet: rapid rotation flatten at the poles bulge at the equator Atmosphere: Hydrogen, Helium, Sulfur, and Nitrogen Giant Red Spot: hurricane-like storm that has been seen in Jupiter's southern hemisphere

15. The Outer Planets: Jupiter Satellites: 50 named moons 13 discovered but not yet named Interesting fact about Io: Volcanically active, or alive One of Jupiter’s satellites

16. The Outer Planets: Saturn Atmosphere: Hydrogen & Helium Saturn’s rings: Might have caused by the collision and particles from breaking satellites. Water, ice, dust, particles, satellites in the rings Density of the Saturn is very low, so Saturn can float in water. Seasons last 7 Earth years in Saturn.

17. The Outer Planets: Uranus Rotation: Tilted 98 degrees Appears as if it’s rotating on its side Atmosphere: Helium, Hydrogen, Methane Satellites: 27 known satellites, both in and out of its rings.

18. The Outer Planets: Neptune Atmosphere: Ammonia, Helium, Methane Satellites: 13 known satellites, 4 in the rings. Triton: Neptune’s biggest satellite Formed by rock and ice Theory: became the satellite by Neptune’s gravitational pull

19. The Dwarf Planets: Pluto Rotation: Titled 122.5 degrees, rotates on its head Using spectroscope: Found Pluto has Methane frost Has atmosphere of Nitrogen & Methane Charon: More blue in color than Pluto Shares the same atmosphere Detected water frost on Charon ½ size of Pluto and close to the planet. Pluto’s 3 moons: Charon, Nix, and Hydra

20. The Dwarf Planets: Ceres Revolution: About 4.6 Earth year to make one revolution “ Asteroids” Other asteroids were also orbiting the Sun with Ceres, so Sir William Herschel labeled Ceres as an asteroid Surface: Contains water ice, carbonates, and clays

21. The Dwarf Planets: Eris Original name: Xena. Named from the popular TV show’s warrior princess Revolution Takes 557 Earth years to orbit around the Sun Dysnomia-Name of Eris’s Moon Not a planet: does not clear out its orbit Does not have all 3 requirements as a planet

22. Credits to: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/planets.html Includes all the information needed for the power point.