The document discusses the various uses and technologies of solar energy. It describes how solar energy can be used to dry agricultural products, heat water, provide space heating, and generate electrical energy. It outlines the major solar technologies, including daylighting, passive solar heating, active solar heating, concentrating solar thermal, power towers, and photovoltaics. Photovoltaics convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells, which are assembled into modules and arrays. The advantages of solar energy are that it is clean, sustainable, free, and can provide electricity to remote places. However, the disadvantages are that the equipment can be inefficient and costly, it is only available part-time, reliability depends on location, and photovolta
Check the presentation, what kind of solar energy needed in your house. for the residential solar power system and explain how it is important for our environment and us.
Energy management for agriculture in a sustainable scenario_Dr R V G Menon (T...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr R V G Menon, Principal, Government Engineering College, Kannur made at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Enviroment and Development emphasises the prospects of solar energy in agriculture on the back drop of the recent black outs experienced by different states in India.
IST Kotdwara
In This ppt File We Will Discuss About Solar Panels,
1- How To Use Solar Panel in Our Home and Business?
2- usage of Solar Panels.
3- Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar Panel ec...
Check the presentation, what kind of solar energy needed in your house. for the residential solar power system and explain how it is important for our environment and us.
Energy management for agriculture in a sustainable scenario_Dr R V G Menon (T...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr R V G Menon, Principal, Government Engineering College, Kannur made at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Enviroment and Development emphasises the prospects of solar energy in agriculture on the back drop of the recent black outs experienced by different states in India.
IST Kotdwara
In This ppt File We Will Discuss About Solar Panels,
1- How To Use Solar Panel in Our Home and Business?
2- usage of Solar Panels.
3- Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar Panel ec...
Renewable energy can be generated continuously practically without decay of sources.
Example: Solar energy, Wind energy, Hydro energy. Non renewable energy is that comes from the ground and is not replaced in a relative short amount of time.
Example: Combustion of fossil fuel, coal, etc.
Renewable energy can be generated continuously practically without decay of sources.
Example: Solar energy, Wind energy, Hydro energy. Non renewable energy is that comes from the ground and is not replaced in a relative short amount of time.
Example: Combustion of fossil fuel, coal, etc.
Solar Power is an efficient renewable form of energy.The power generation using solar power and all other things are discussed here.Its very easy to explain and
A Presentation given on Photon 2k18 in our college Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, in the Stream of Physics.
this slide explains briefly the various Renewable energy Sources available to us, their classification, and focuses more on the Photo Voltaic Cells.
Solar Talk Show at BIG-5 Solar Exhibition, DubaiIam Vinod Tiwari
"Achieving Energy Independence with Off-grid, Battery-based Solar Energy Systems" A Presentation by Vinod Tiwari at 'Dubai World Trade Center' in November 2017.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
22. Disadvantages of Solar Energy
oInefficient and costly equipment
oPart Time
oReliability Depends On Location
oEnvironmental Impact of PV Cell
Production
Editor's Notes
The Sun is 93 million miles away.
A tiny fraction of the Sun’s energy hits the Earth (~a hundredth of a millionth of a percent) is enough to meet all our power needs many times over. In fact, every minute, enough energy arrives at the Earth to meet our whole demands for a year.
We call the energy from the sun, solar energy.
Just the tiny fraction of the Sun’s energy that hits the Earth.
Solar energy is transmitted to the earth in the form of radiant energy.
It is vital to us because it provides the world—directly or indirectly– with almost all of its energy.
In addition to providing the energy that sustains the world, solar energy is stored in fossil fuels and biomass, and is responsible for powering the water cycle and producing wind.
Solar energy is radiation produced by nuclear fusion inside the sun’s core.
It takes millions of years for the energy in the sun’s core to make its way to the solar surface.
It takes 8 minutes to travel 93 million miles to earth. (186,000 miles per second)
The Greenhouse effect traps some of the heat making life on earth possible.
A car is a good example of how solar energy can be collected and put to use.
Because solar energy is radiant energy, no heat from the sun travels to the earth.
The radiant energy turns into thermal energy (heat) when it is absorbed by molecules on Earth.
In a car, the insides of the car(sets, floors, walls, etc.) absorb sunlight and change it to heat.
The glass window lets the light in but does not let the heat out.
Even though the Sun provides enough energy arriving at the Earth to meet our demands for a whole year, this energy is spread all over the surface of the earth, is intermittent, and therefore require a large area to collect a useful amount.
There are four factors that affects how much energy any location on the earth receives:
The amount of energy delivered to any places dependent on time of day, season, latitude, and cloudiness.
Due to these four factors, the average number of peak sun hours per day varies from one area of the country to another.
Solar insolation is the solar radiation incident on an area over time.
Solar insolation is equivalent to solar energy and is usually expressed in kilowatts-hours per square meter
The four technologies employed to make use of solar energy are:
Daylighting- the use of natural sunlight to brighten the building’s interior.
Passive Solar Heating- takes advantage of Sun’s warmth and materials that absorb that warmth during the day/release it at night when heat is needed.
Active Solar Heating- solar collectors concentrate the sun’s power on dark color plates that absorb heat. Air or liquid flows through tubes and warmed by the plates.
Concentrating Solar Thermal- mirrors direct sunlight on one point. Water is turned into steam with this heat. The steam turns a turbine to create electricity.
Photovoltaic(PV)- converts sunlight directly to electricity.
Langston High School in Arlington, VA and Caywood Elementary in Kentucky use daylighting to keep energy costs down.
These homes in Montana and California with a passive solar design heats the home in the winter and cools the home in the winter.
Active solar heating is much like passive solar heating except it takes the power of the sun and amplifies it.
The people living in this house enjoy heated water using a solar thermal system.
Flat plate solar collectors are usually large flat boxes with one or more glass covers. Inside the boxes are dark colored metal plates that absorb heat. Air or liquid, such as water, flows through the tubes and is warmed by heat stored in the plates. These systems are particularly useful for providing hot water to households.
A clean, large-scale solar thermal technology known as concentrating solar power is used in special power plants (Concentrating Solar Power or CSP plants) that use different kinds of mirror configurations to convert the sun's energy into high-temperature heat. The heat energy is then used to generate electricity in a steam generator.
World’s largest solar power tower in Seville, Spain.
Solar power tower consists of a large field of sun tracking mirrors, called heliostats, which focus solar energy on a receiver atop of a centrally located tower. The enormous amount of energy, coming out of the suns rays, concentrated at one point (the tower in the middle) produces temperatures of approx. 550 C TO 1500 C.
The gained thermal energy can be used for heating water or molten salt, which saves the energy for later use. Heated water gets to steam, which is used to move the turbine generator. This way thermal energy is converted into electricity.
This graphic shows how the power tower is used to heat molten salt which is used to heat water to produce steam to turn a turbine which produces electricity.
Molten salt is used to transfer the heat because the heat can be stored and used when the sun is behind the clouds or at night.
Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity, and are potentially one of the most useful of the renewable energy technologies.
Also known as solar cells, PV systems are already an important part of our lives. The simplest systems power many of the small calculators and wrist watches we use everyday.
The photovoltaic cell is the basic building block of a PV system.
Individual cells can vary in sizes from about 1cm to about 10 cm across.
Most cells are made with silicon today.
Silicon must be purified– this is one of the biggest expenses in the production of solar cells.
A PV cell is made from a thin disc of almost pure silicon crystal called silicon wafer.
A small amount of boron is added. The boron gives the crystal structure a positive electrical characteristic. Since this part has a positive characteristic it is referred to as a “P” type silicon and it forms the base of the cell.
A thin layer of silicon crystal is formed over the disc of “P” type silicon. This time a small amount of phosphorous is added to the mixture. The phosphorous mixture creates a negative characteristic and thus is referred to as an “N” type silicon.
When light penetrates to the junction of the “N” and “P” type silicon layers it creates a flow of electrons throughout the crystal structure. This flow of electrons occurs because sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy. When sunlight strikes a PV cell, some photons are absorbed. When enough sunlight (energy) is absorbed by the material (called a semiconductor), electrons are dislodged from the materials’ atoms.
A crystal structure of silicon contains empty areas which accept the electrons.
As one electron moves to fill a hole, it created another hole.
It is the flow of these electrons that produces electricity.
The conversion efficiency of a PV cell is the proportion of sunlight energy that the cell converts into electrical energy.
This is very important because improving this efficiency is vital to making PV energy competitive with more traditional sources of energy, such as fossil fuels.
The first PV cells were converting light to electricity at 1 to 2 percent efficiency.
Today’s PV devices convert up to 17 percent of the radiant energy that strikes them into electric energy. (40% NREL)
One PV cell only produces 1 or 2 watts of electricity, which isn't enough power for most applications.
To Increase power groups of solar cells are electrically connected and packaged into packaged weather-tight modules and arrays to provide useful output voltages and currents to provide a specific power output.
A PV System typically consists of 3 basic components.
PV cells - Electricity is generated by PV cells, the smallest unit of a PV system,
Modules - PV cells are wired together to form modules which are usually a sealed, or encapsulated, unit of convenient size for handling.
Arrays – Groups of panels make up an array.
Solar PV System Solar cells produce direct current (DC), therefore they are only used for DC equipments. If alternating current (AC) is needed for AC equipments or backup energy is needed, solar photovoltaic systems require other components in addition to solar modules. These components are specially designed to integrate into solar PV system, that is to say they are renewable energy products or energy conservation products and one or more of components may be included depending on the type of application. The components of a solar photovoltaic system are:
Solar Module is the essential component of any solar PV system that converts sunlight directly into DC electricity.
2. Solar Charge Controller regulates voltage and current from solar arrays, charges the battery, prevents battery from overcharging and also performs controlled over discharges.
3.Battery stores current electricity that produces from solar arrays for using when sunlight is not visible, nighttime or other purposes.
4. Inverter is a critical component of any solar PV system that converts DC power output of solar arrays into AC for AC appliances.
5. Lightning protection prevents electrical equipments from damages caused by lightning or induction of high voltage surge. It is required for the large size and critical solar PV systems, which include the efficient grounding.
In order to generate large amounts of electricity which can be fed into the electric grid, large number of arrays can be wired together to form an Array Field.