The document discusses recent trends in solar energy. It provides details about how solar panels work by converting sunlight into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect in semiconductor materials like silicon. It also discusses the construction of different types of solar panels and factors that determine their efficiency. Advantages of solar energy include reduced environmental impact compared to fossil fuels and various applications from powering homes and vehicles to smaller devices.

1. NAME:D.BALAJI
CONTACT:(BALAJI.BALA005@GMAIL.COM )
DEP:I.C.E
YEAR: 1ST
Sri ram
Polytechnic college
Perumalpattu thiruvallur dist.
Pin code:602 024
Resent trent
in SOLAR
ENERGY

2. Solar energy is a one of the
source which converts
light energy
into direct
electrical energy

3. Working
The solar rays fall on the top layer of
p-type semiconductor the electrons from
valence band get promoted to the
conduction band and cross the P-N junction
. there is potential difference between two is
created. Hence the current is generated

4. Simply put, efficiency refers to the
process of converting light energy to
electrical energy by the PV panel.
Construction :

5. they require little maintenance and have a
long lifetime. Compared to other renewable
sources they also possess many
advantages
 The most common type of PV panel today is
manufactured from silicon.
There are several variants on silicon-
based PV panels such as crystalline and
non-crystalline.
Crystalline silicon PV panels currently
dominate the market, with nanocrystalline
silicon being the most common.

6. GENERAL FACTS
Solar Energy is better for the environment than
traditional forms of energy.
Solar energy has many uses such as electricity
production and heating of water through photovoltaic
cells and directly for drying clothes.
Solar energy can also be used to heat, cook food
,swimming pools, power cars, for attic fans, calculators
and other small appliances. It produces lighting for
indoors or outdoors.

7. Facts about Solar Energy systems:
•A home solar system is typically made up of solar
panels, an inverter, a battery, a charge controller,
wiring and support structure.
• 1-kilowatt home solar system consists of about
10-12 solar panels and requires about 100 square
feet of installation area.
• kilowatt home solar system will generate
approximately 1,600 kilowatt hours per year in a
sunny climate (receiving 5.5 hours of sunshine per
day) and approximately 750 kilowatt hours per
year in a cloudy climate (receiving 2.5 hours of
sunshine per day).

8. Organic and thin-layer PV cells
Organic solar cells use carbon-based
polymers based upon molecules such as
fullerenes
while thin-layer silicon PV employ
additional light-trapping techniques with a
thinner silicon layer
Organic cells, however, have efficiencies
of less than 10% and need to be
improved before they are viable for
commercial use.

9. Advantages
 They are particularly useful where there is
no national grid and also where there are no
people such as remote site water pumping
or in space.
 Solar cells are use in calculators, electronic
watches, radios and T.V
 Solar cells are also used in store energy in
Ni-Cd batteries and Lead-acid batteries
 The most common type of PV panel today
is manufactured from silicon.

10. A schematic of a PV cell. Sunlight passing
through the glass (grey) and anti-reflective
layer (yellow) strikes the p-type silicon (blue),
releasing free electrons from the silicon
atoms in that layer.
The electrons are attracted to the
positively-charged n-type silicon (red).
Connecting the cell to an electrical circuit
through the electrical contacts (green) will
provide electrical energy to drive a load (e.g.
light bulb).

11. The most common type of PV panel today is
manufactured from silicon. There are several
variants on silicon-based PV panels such as
crystalline and non-crystalline

12. “Integrating a high-quality film of silicon
nanoparticles 1 nanometer in size directly
onto silicon solar cells improves power
performance by 60 percent in the ultraviolet
range of the spectrum,”
Nanoparticles can improve efficiency

13. Solar panels, shown here, are
used to generate electricity
for a small town near Tempe.

14. Current Limitations of
Solar Panels
The various silicon PV panels differ
in their efficiency.

17. How to Use Solar Energy at Night?
Molten salts can store the sun's heat
during the day and provide power at
night