This document summarizes a study on how soft innovation resources have enabled a reversal in GDP growth in Finland. The study finds that in Finland, soft innovation resources like trust and utilization of untapped resources have substituted for intellectual property products and created uncaptured GDP. This uncaptured GDP disseminated into tangible capital investments and removed structural impediments, leading to GDP growth. In contrast, Singapore has remained dependent on intellectual property products for growth. The study provides evidence that Finland's shift to leverage soft innovation resources rather than focus only on research and development has helped overcome economic stagnation and the productivity paradox in the digital economy.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: TRANSFORMATION OF THE GROWTH CONCEPTIJMIT JOURNAL
The digital economy is transforming the traditional concepts of economic growth.The recent reversal trend
in GDP growth of ICT leaders can be attributed to effective utilization of soft innovation resources in
Finland and adherence to traditional resources in Singapore.Confronting a productivity decline in the
digital economy, global information and communication technology (ICT) leaders are transforming
business models into those with uncaptured GDP creation. This can be attributed tothe harnessing soft
innovation resourcesagainst a productivity decline. This in turn activates a self-propagating function and
induces supra-functionality beyond economic value corresponding to a shift in people’s preferences. It also
contributes to removingstructural impediments in GDP growth.Empirical analyses utilizing the
development trajectories of 500 global ICT firms and also world ICT leadersFinland and Singapore
demonstratedthese hypothetical views andprovided an insightful suggestion as to overcome aproductivity
decline in the digital economy.
A SOLUTION TO THE DILEMMA BETWEEN R&D EXPANSION AND THE PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE:...IJMIT JOURNAL
As a consequence of the two-faced nature of information and communication technology (ICT), a majority of ICT leaders have been confronting the critical problem of a dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline in the digital economy. However, Amazon has been able to accomplish a skyrocketing increase in R&D and market capitalization. Finland has also accomplished balanced advancement not only of welfare but also economic resurgence. This paper attempted to elucidate the miracle of two ICT leaders. By means of a comparative empirical analysis of respective development trajectories, the sources of their success were analyzed thereby the comparative advantage and disadvantage of each respective trajectories supportive to find a practical solution to the critical problem of a dilemma were identified. The sources of both successes can be attributed to harnessing the vigor of soft innovation resources from the marketplace. However, contrary to Amazon’s complementary use, Finland has depended on substitutionary use. While this approach contributes to easy resurgence, it casts a shadow to the innovative growth in the future. An insightful suggestion regarding balanced sustainable growth by cross learning was thus provided.
Big Data for New Industrialization and Urbanization Development: A Case Study...IJERA Editor
Industrialization and urbanization are considered as interdependent processes of recent economic development.
Innovations in technology and higher affordability of electronic devices have facilitated current age of big data.
Use of digital data provided modern urbanization which is an essential element of industrialization and rapid
income growth globally. Most manufacturing and service production is efficient when undertaken in urbanized
areas where organizations can readily follow best practice in technology and management. Over the past three
decades, China has achieved enormous economic growth, accompanied by a growing number of large cities.
The purpose of this paper is to identify prominent issues relating influence of big data on modern
industrialization and urbanization development in China as well as in other regions. The case study of China
was taken to understand the advancement of big data on industrialization and urbanization enhancement. It was
investigated that industrialization and the rise of the service sector appear to have influenced the growth of
urbanization, but their role was relatively small when compared to the direct effects of economic growth. In the
coming years, urbanization will become increasingly an opportunity as well as a challenge to the country‟s
effort to sustain rapid growth and maintain effective development
Structural sources of a productivity decline in the digital economyIJMIT JOURNAL
While the Internet-driven digitized innovation has provided us with extraordinary services and welfare, productivity in industrialized countries has been confronted with an apparent decline, and it has raised the question of a productivity paradox. The limitations of the GDP statistics in measuring the digital economy have become an important subject.
Based on national accounting framework and utilizing the development trajectories of 500 global information and communication technology (ICT) firms,structural sources of such decline were investigated.
It was identified the two-faced nature of ICT that resulting in R&D-intensive firms falling into a vicious cycle between R&D increase and marginal productivity of ICT decline.
STRUCTURAL SOURCES OF A PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMYIJMIT JOURNAL
While the Internet-driven digitized innovation has provided us with extraordinary services and welfare,
productivity in industrialized countries has been confronted with an apparent decline, and it has raised the
question of a productivity paradox. The limitations of the GDP statistics in measuring the digital economy
have become an important subject.
Based on national accounting framework and utilizing the development trajectories of 500 global
information and communication technology (ICT) firms,structural sources of such decline were investigated.
It was identified the two-faced nature of ICT that resulting in R&D-intensive firms falling into a vicious cycle
between R&D increase and marginal productivity of ICT decline.
Confronting such circumstances, R&D-intensive firms have been endeavoring to transform into disruptive
business model by harnessing the vigor of soft innovation resources. This transformation leads to
spontaneous creation of uncaptured GDP and provides insightful suggestion to overcome the limitation of the
GDP statistics in the digital economy.
Trends in Information Technology for Economic & Social Development in 2020 - ...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: TRANSFORMATION OF THE GROWTH CONCEPTIJMIT JOURNAL
The digital economy is transforming the traditional concepts of economic growth.The recent reversal trend
in GDP growth of ICT leaders can be attributed to effective utilization of soft innovation resources in
Finland and adherence to traditional resources in Singapore.Confronting a productivity decline in the
digital economy, global information and communication technology (ICT) leaders are transforming
business models into those with uncaptured GDP creation. This can be attributed tothe harnessing soft
innovation resourcesagainst a productivity decline. This in turn activates a self-propagating function and
induces supra-functionality beyond economic value corresponding to a shift in people’s preferences. It also
contributes to removingstructural impediments in GDP growth.Empirical analyses utilizing the
development trajectories of 500 global ICT firms and also world ICT leadersFinland and Singapore
demonstratedthese hypothetical views andprovided an insightful suggestion as to overcome aproductivity
decline in the digital economy.
A SOLUTION TO THE DILEMMA BETWEEN R&D EXPANSION AND THE PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE:...IJMIT JOURNAL
As a consequence of the two-faced nature of information and communication technology (ICT), a majority of ICT leaders have been confronting the critical problem of a dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline in the digital economy. However, Amazon has been able to accomplish a skyrocketing increase in R&D and market capitalization. Finland has also accomplished balanced advancement not only of welfare but also economic resurgence. This paper attempted to elucidate the miracle of two ICT leaders. By means of a comparative empirical analysis of respective development trajectories, the sources of their success were analyzed thereby the comparative advantage and disadvantage of each respective trajectories supportive to find a practical solution to the critical problem of a dilemma were identified. The sources of both successes can be attributed to harnessing the vigor of soft innovation resources from the marketplace. However, contrary to Amazon’s complementary use, Finland has depended on substitutionary use. While this approach contributes to easy resurgence, it casts a shadow to the innovative growth in the future. An insightful suggestion regarding balanced sustainable growth by cross learning was thus provided.
Big Data for New Industrialization and Urbanization Development: A Case Study...IJERA Editor
Industrialization and urbanization are considered as interdependent processes of recent economic development.
Innovations in technology and higher affordability of electronic devices have facilitated current age of big data.
Use of digital data provided modern urbanization which is an essential element of industrialization and rapid
income growth globally. Most manufacturing and service production is efficient when undertaken in urbanized
areas where organizations can readily follow best practice in technology and management. Over the past three
decades, China has achieved enormous economic growth, accompanied by a growing number of large cities.
The purpose of this paper is to identify prominent issues relating influence of big data on modern
industrialization and urbanization development in China as well as in other regions. The case study of China
was taken to understand the advancement of big data on industrialization and urbanization enhancement. It was
investigated that industrialization and the rise of the service sector appear to have influenced the growth of
urbanization, but their role was relatively small when compared to the direct effects of economic growth. In the
coming years, urbanization will become increasingly an opportunity as well as a challenge to the country‟s
effort to sustain rapid growth and maintain effective development
Structural sources of a productivity decline in the digital economyIJMIT JOURNAL
While the Internet-driven digitized innovation has provided us with extraordinary services and welfare, productivity in industrialized countries has been confronted with an apparent decline, and it has raised the question of a productivity paradox. The limitations of the GDP statistics in measuring the digital economy have become an important subject.
Based on national accounting framework and utilizing the development trajectories of 500 global information and communication technology (ICT) firms,structural sources of such decline were investigated.
It was identified the two-faced nature of ICT that resulting in R&D-intensive firms falling into a vicious cycle between R&D increase and marginal productivity of ICT decline.
STRUCTURAL SOURCES OF A PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMYIJMIT JOURNAL
While the Internet-driven digitized innovation has provided us with extraordinary services and welfare,
productivity in industrialized countries has been confronted with an apparent decline, and it has raised the
question of a productivity paradox. The limitations of the GDP statistics in measuring the digital economy
have become an important subject.
Based on national accounting framework and utilizing the development trajectories of 500 global
information and communication technology (ICT) firms,structural sources of such decline were investigated.
It was identified the two-faced nature of ICT that resulting in R&D-intensive firms falling into a vicious cycle
between R&D increase and marginal productivity of ICT decline.
Confronting such circumstances, R&D-intensive firms have been endeavoring to transform into disruptive
business model by harnessing the vigor of soft innovation resources. This transformation leads to
spontaneous creation of uncaptured GDP and provides insightful suggestion to overcome the limitation of the
GDP statistics in the digital economy.
Trends in Information Technology for Economic & Social Development in 2020 - ...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
Based on the data of Japanese Prime metropolitan area from 1955 to 2013, this paper studies the effect of industry agglomeration and population aggregation on economic growth in Tokyo metropolitan area. Through the processing of the panel data, we find that the industry agglomeration in Japanese Prime metropolitan region has apparently positive impacts on its economic growth, and also, population aggregation can positively effects its economic growth. Following this paper is try to carry out research on Tokyo —the core city of Japanese Prime metropolitan area, to study the influence of industry agglomeration on its economic growth. This paper thinks that in the process of the development of the city group, due to resource constraints, the manufacturing output unit of land demand big industry will gradually from the degree of economic development is relatively high in the whole city and the city to evacuate, inside, labor resources are gradually to the regional flow of high GDP per capita output.
Economic impact of the video services industry in India(2019)Social Samosa
Deloitte India in collaboration with FICCI has released a report today on the Economic Impact of the film, television, and online video services industry in India, 2019.
NEO OPEN INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: HARNESSING SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCESIJMIT JOURNAL
Successive increases in R&D that creates new functionality are essential for global competitiveness. However, unexpectedly, as a consequence of the two-faced nature of information and communication technology (ICT), excessive R&D results in a marginal productivity decline leading to a decrease in digital
value creation. In order to overcome such a dilemma, global ICT firms have been endeavoring to transform themselves into disruptive business model. Neo open innovation that harnesses soft innovation resources may be a solution to this critical question. On the basis of an empirical analysis focusing on forefront endeavors to this dilemma by global ICT firms, this paper attempted to demonstrate the above hypothetical
view. Noteworthy findings suggestive to transforming the traditional business model into disruptive innovation that satisfies people’s demand corresponding to their shift inpreferences in the digital economy is thus provided. In addition, a new concept for R&D resources in the digital economy is postulated.
This research work is the application of artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical method of
multiple regression analysis in predicting GDP in Nigeria collected from C.B.N annual statistical
bulletin 2014 covering from year 1979 to 2014. GDP representing economic growth as a function of
macroeconomic variables. Evident from the analysis shows that the independent variables are highly
correlated with the dependent variable of GDP, excepting the inflation rate having a negative
correlation value of approximately 0.4. However, the value of the goodness of fit (R2) is given as 0.812
(81.2%).
Based on the values of R2, MSE and RMSE and for comparison of efficiency between ANN and
regression analysis, it was discovered that ANN model outperforms regression analysis significantly
and thus achieve a better fit and forecast.
Nigeria is an oil producing nation which have been relying heavily on oil revenue for its economic well being. Oil depletes and its price can crash making dependence on oil as a mono means for the country’s future futile. Information and communication technology (ICT) on the other hand has impacted the economic growth of various nations such as India. ICT seems to be a key factor in stimulating the development of a country’s productivity across most sectors of the economy and ensuring global competiveness and a move to a New Economy. This Paper examines if a causal relationship exists between ICT and economic wellbeing (GCI) and if ICT can offer a way forward for Nigeria to move from oil based to service and product based economy. The paper also conducts an empirical analysis to find out if oil producing nations experience better growth against ICT innovative nations using 10 countries. The results of the analysis support the believe that ICT led development and of the existence of a causal link between ICT and economic growth and non-existence of a causal link between oil production alone and economic development.
AI driven automation will create wealth and expand economies. Find out the views of the Executive Office of the US President in this AI Government led initiative.
TeamLease Employment Outlook Survey - Report Previewvaluvox
A quarterly publication gauging hiring sentiment amongst businesses across India. This is a preview. The report will be released in the forthcoming issue of Business Today
A Review of the Uttarakhand’s Industrial Policies and Their PerformanceYogeshIJTSRD
In todays world, a nations economic development cannot be addressed without acknowledging industrialization. Industrial development is mostly based on the industrial profile of the particular states countries. This study reviews Uttarakhands industrial policies and their performance toward the growth of industrial units and generating new employment opportunities. The data sources of the study are published reports of Uttarakhands government departments and other secondary sources. Uttarakhand launched many industrial policies and set up SIIDCUL to develop industries SIIDCUL developed industrial infrastructure and attracted investors. The result shows that the industrial policies of Uttarakhand are favourable for the state in terms of attracting investors, generating employment opportunities, and pushing the state to an industrial hub. Industrial policies gave many tax concessions to investors and also made a single window clearance facility for investors. These industrial policies also have the intention of reviving the states sick units. The impact of these industrial policies is the contribution of the secondary sector increase in the gross state domestic product, and this sector also generated new employment opportunities in the industrial sector. Rajinder Singh | Prof. B. K. Agrawal "A Review of the Uttarakhand’s Industrial Policies and Their Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45077.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/45077/a-review-of-the-uttarakhand’s-industrial-policies-and-their-performance/rajinder-singh
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been seen as an important factor influencing economic growth directly and indirectly in both developed and developing countries. This study assesses the impact of FDI on growth in Ghana since the return to constitutional rule in 1993. The study uses time series data from 1993 to 2016. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged model (ARDL), the study finds a positive impact of FDI on growth both in the short-run and long-run. However, there is a lag period of two. The study equally finds that Gross Saving has a positive impact on growth. On the other hand inflation has a negative effect on growth both in the short and long run. The study also discovered that FDI granger causes growth but GDP does not granger cause FDI. Post-election years with incidence of political uncertainty slow down FDI inflow into Ghana. The study recommends the adoption of stringent fiscal and monetary policies to keep inflation low. It also recommends maintaining and improving the liberal market environment to attract investors, policies to encourage saving, and improving on political transitions to avoid uncertainties for investors.
HYBRID ROLE OF SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES: FINLAND’S NOTABLE RESURGENCE IN THE...IJMIT JOURNAL
Finland and Singapore are easy to compare, they are the same size and have similar positions as global digital leaders. however, their performance is differing a lot. from 2006 to 2013, Singapore’s GDP growth rate was tenfold compared to Finland. four years later, in 2017 Finland is exceeding the growth rate of
Singapore. what are the reasons for the success of Finland? An empirical analysis of the factors contributing to GDP growth and the effects of the policy change was conducted. It was demonstrated that increase of export did not explain growth, but shifts in capital formation did. New dynamics was revealed that was triggered by the removal of structural impediments (hindrances) and by increasing use of soft innovation
resources. The virtuous cycle of increase of uncaptured GDP, increased multifactor productivity and growth of tangible capital and GDP was described. An insightful suggestion for activating a hybrid role for soft innovation resources in the digital economy was thus provided.
A SOLUTION TO THE DILEMMA BETWEEN R&D EXPANSION AND THE PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE:...IJMIT JOURNAL
As a consequence of the two-faced nature of information and communication technology (ICT), a majority of ICT leaders have been confronting the critical problem of a dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline in the digital economy. However, Amazon has been able to accomplish a skyrocketing
increase in R&D and market capitalization. Finland has also accomplished balanced advancement not only of welfare but also economic resurgence. This paper attempted to elucidate the miracle of two ICT leaders. By means of a comparative empirical analysis of respective development trajectories, the sources of their success were analyzed thereby the comparative advantage and disadvantage of each respective trajectories supportive to find a practical solution to the critical problem of a dilemma were identified. The sources of both successes can be attributed to harnessing the vigor of soft innovation resources from the marketplace. However, contrary to Amazon’s complementary use, Finland has depended on substitutionary use. While this approach contributes to easy resurgence, it casts a shadow to the innovative growth in the
future. An insightful suggestion regarding balanced sustainable growth by cross learning was thus provided.
CO-EVOLUTIONARY COUPLING BETWEEN CAPTURED AND UNCAPTURED GDP CYCLES:CROSS LEA...IJMIT JOURNAL
A solution to the critical problem of a dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline that a
majority of information and communication technology (ICT) leaders have been confronting in the digital
economy is expected. It can be expected by a spinoff from economic functionality-seeking GDP-based coevolution cycle to supra-functionality beyond an economic value-seeking uncaptured GDP-driven coevolution cycle. However, the transformation dynamism remains a black box.
Based on the data of Japanese Prime metropolitan area from 1955 to 2013, this paper studies the effect of industry agglomeration and population aggregation on economic growth in Tokyo metropolitan area. Through the processing of the panel data, we find that the industry agglomeration in Japanese Prime metropolitan region has apparently positive impacts on its economic growth, and also, population aggregation can positively effects its economic growth. Following this paper is try to carry out research on Tokyo —the core city of Japanese Prime metropolitan area, to study the influence of industry agglomeration on its economic growth. This paper thinks that in the process of the development of the city group, due to resource constraints, the manufacturing output unit of land demand big industry will gradually from the degree of economic development is relatively high in the whole city and the city to evacuate, inside, labor resources are gradually to the regional flow of high GDP per capita output.
Economic impact of the video services industry in India(2019)Social Samosa
Deloitte India in collaboration with FICCI has released a report today on the Economic Impact of the film, television, and online video services industry in India, 2019.
NEO OPEN INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: HARNESSING SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCESIJMIT JOURNAL
Successive increases in R&D that creates new functionality are essential for global competitiveness. However, unexpectedly, as a consequence of the two-faced nature of information and communication technology (ICT), excessive R&D results in a marginal productivity decline leading to a decrease in digital
value creation. In order to overcome such a dilemma, global ICT firms have been endeavoring to transform themselves into disruptive business model. Neo open innovation that harnesses soft innovation resources may be a solution to this critical question. On the basis of an empirical analysis focusing on forefront endeavors to this dilemma by global ICT firms, this paper attempted to demonstrate the above hypothetical
view. Noteworthy findings suggestive to transforming the traditional business model into disruptive innovation that satisfies people’s demand corresponding to their shift inpreferences in the digital economy is thus provided. In addition, a new concept for R&D resources in the digital economy is postulated.
This research work is the application of artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical method of
multiple regression analysis in predicting GDP in Nigeria collected from C.B.N annual statistical
bulletin 2014 covering from year 1979 to 2014. GDP representing economic growth as a function of
macroeconomic variables. Evident from the analysis shows that the independent variables are highly
correlated with the dependent variable of GDP, excepting the inflation rate having a negative
correlation value of approximately 0.4. However, the value of the goodness of fit (R2) is given as 0.812
(81.2%).
Based on the values of R2, MSE and RMSE and for comparison of efficiency between ANN and
regression analysis, it was discovered that ANN model outperforms regression analysis significantly
and thus achieve a better fit and forecast.
Nigeria is an oil producing nation which have been relying heavily on oil revenue for its economic well being. Oil depletes and its price can crash making dependence on oil as a mono means for the country’s future futile. Information and communication technology (ICT) on the other hand has impacted the economic growth of various nations such as India. ICT seems to be a key factor in stimulating the development of a country’s productivity across most sectors of the economy and ensuring global competiveness and a move to a New Economy. This Paper examines if a causal relationship exists between ICT and economic wellbeing (GCI) and if ICT can offer a way forward for Nigeria to move from oil based to service and product based economy. The paper also conducts an empirical analysis to find out if oil producing nations experience better growth against ICT innovative nations using 10 countries. The results of the analysis support the believe that ICT led development and of the existence of a causal link between ICT and economic growth and non-existence of a causal link between oil production alone and economic development.
AI driven automation will create wealth and expand economies. Find out the views of the Executive Office of the US President in this AI Government led initiative.
TeamLease Employment Outlook Survey - Report Previewvaluvox
A quarterly publication gauging hiring sentiment amongst businesses across India. This is a preview. The report will be released in the forthcoming issue of Business Today
A Review of the Uttarakhand’s Industrial Policies and Their PerformanceYogeshIJTSRD
In todays world, a nations economic development cannot be addressed without acknowledging industrialization. Industrial development is mostly based on the industrial profile of the particular states countries. This study reviews Uttarakhands industrial policies and their performance toward the growth of industrial units and generating new employment opportunities. The data sources of the study are published reports of Uttarakhands government departments and other secondary sources. Uttarakhand launched many industrial policies and set up SIIDCUL to develop industries SIIDCUL developed industrial infrastructure and attracted investors. The result shows that the industrial policies of Uttarakhand are favourable for the state in terms of attracting investors, generating employment opportunities, and pushing the state to an industrial hub. Industrial policies gave many tax concessions to investors and also made a single window clearance facility for investors. These industrial policies also have the intention of reviving the states sick units. The impact of these industrial policies is the contribution of the secondary sector increase in the gross state domestic product, and this sector also generated new employment opportunities in the industrial sector. Rajinder Singh | Prof. B. K. Agrawal "A Review of the Uttarakhand’s Industrial Policies and Their Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45077.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/45077/a-review-of-the-uttarakhand’s-industrial-policies-and-their-performance/rajinder-singh
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been seen as an important factor influencing economic growth directly and indirectly in both developed and developing countries. This study assesses the impact of FDI on growth in Ghana since the return to constitutional rule in 1993. The study uses time series data from 1993 to 2016. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged model (ARDL), the study finds a positive impact of FDI on growth both in the short-run and long-run. However, there is a lag period of two. The study equally finds that Gross Saving has a positive impact on growth. On the other hand inflation has a negative effect on growth both in the short and long run. The study also discovered that FDI granger causes growth but GDP does not granger cause FDI. Post-election years with incidence of political uncertainty slow down FDI inflow into Ghana. The study recommends the adoption of stringent fiscal and monetary policies to keep inflation low. It also recommends maintaining and improving the liberal market environment to attract investors, policies to encourage saving, and improving on political transitions to avoid uncertainties for investors.
HYBRID ROLE OF SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES: FINLAND’S NOTABLE RESURGENCE IN THE...IJMIT JOURNAL
Finland and Singapore are easy to compare, they are the same size and have similar positions as global digital leaders. however, their performance is differing a lot. from 2006 to 2013, Singapore’s GDP growth rate was tenfold compared to Finland. four years later, in 2017 Finland is exceeding the growth rate of
Singapore. what are the reasons for the success of Finland? An empirical analysis of the factors contributing to GDP growth and the effects of the policy change was conducted. It was demonstrated that increase of export did not explain growth, but shifts in capital formation did. New dynamics was revealed that was triggered by the removal of structural impediments (hindrances) and by increasing use of soft innovation
resources. The virtuous cycle of increase of uncaptured GDP, increased multifactor productivity and growth of tangible capital and GDP was described. An insightful suggestion for activating a hybrid role for soft innovation resources in the digital economy was thus provided.
A SOLUTION TO THE DILEMMA BETWEEN R&D EXPANSION AND THE PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE:...IJMIT JOURNAL
As a consequence of the two-faced nature of information and communication technology (ICT), a majority of ICT leaders have been confronting the critical problem of a dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline in the digital economy. However, Amazon has been able to accomplish a skyrocketing
increase in R&D and market capitalization. Finland has also accomplished balanced advancement not only of welfare but also economic resurgence. This paper attempted to elucidate the miracle of two ICT leaders. By means of a comparative empirical analysis of respective development trajectories, the sources of their success were analyzed thereby the comparative advantage and disadvantage of each respective trajectories supportive to find a practical solution to the critical problem of a dilemma were identified. The sources of both successes can be attributed to harnessing the vigor of soft innovation resources from the marketplace. However, contrary to Amazon’s complementary use, Finland has depended on substitutionary use. While this approach contributes to easy resurgence, it casts a shadow to the innovative growth in the
future. An insightful suggestion regarding balanced sustainable growth by cross learning was thus provided.
CO-EVOLUTIONARY COUPLING BETWEEN CAPTURED AND UNCAPTURED GDP CYCLES:CROSS LEA...IJMIT JOURNAL
A solution to the critical problem of a dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline that a
majority of information and communication technology (ICT) leaders have been confronting in the digital
economy is expected. It can be expected by a spinoff from economic functionality-seeking GDP-based coevolution cycle to supra-functionality beyond an economic value-seeking uncaptured GDP-driven coevolution cycle. However, the transformation dynamism remains a black box.
The Role of Intangibles in the Public Sector-A Preliminary Study in JapanSPINTAN
Paper by Tsutomu Miyagawa on the role of intangibles in the public sector focusing on a preliminary study in Japan. Presented in the 9th World Conference on Intellectual Capital for Communities, World Bank, Paris, June 6th and 7th 2013
CO-EVOLUTIONARY COUPLING VIA A DIGITAL-BIO ECOSYSTEM – A SUGGESTION FOR A NEW...IJMIT JOURNAL
Driven by digital solutions, the bioeconomy has taken major steps forward in recent years toward achievement of the long-lasting goal of transition from a traditional fossil economy to a circular economy. The coupling of digitalization and the bioeconomy is leading toward a digitalized bioeconomy that can satisfy a shift in people’s preferences for eco-consciousness, which in turn induces coupling of up-down stream operation in the value chain.
Estimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfAbdelmalekBOUMDIR1
Estimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of puEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdfEstimating the stock of public capital in 170 countries May 2021.pdf
it & Economic Performance a Critical Review of the Empirical DataWaqas Tariq
The present study undertakes a critical review of the research around the multi-significant issue of the correlation between the IT investments and the economic performance to both micro and macroeconomic level. The aim of this study is to shed light on the interaction of IT with the economy, at corporate, industry and national level and document it¢ s contribution to productivity and therefore to economic growth. My conclusion is that there is a positive effect of IT investments to both the above economic indicators in all aspects, but is something that needs further research so as to find a more clear and risk adjusted relation.
Economic Growth of Information Technology (It) Industry on the Indian Economyijcnes
Information Technology (IT) is an important emerging sector of the Indian Economy. IT in India is an industry comprising of two noteworthy segments IT administrations and business process outsourcing (BPO).The segment has expanded its commitment to Indias GDP from 1.2% in 1998 to 9.3% in 2015. According to NASSCOM, the segment amassed incomes of US$147 billion out of 2015, with send out income remaining at US$99 billion and household income at US$48 billion, developing by more than 13%.Indias present Prime Minister Narendra Modi has begun a venture called �DIGITAL INDIA i.e., Computerized India to help secure IT a position both inside and outside of India. The IT sector has served as a fertile ground for the growth of a new entrepreneurial class with innovative corporate practices and has been instrumental in reversing the brain drain, raising Indias brand equity and attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) leading to other associated benefits. The Size of this sector has increased at a tremendous rate of 35% per year during the last 10 years. This Paper examines the India�s growth in IT industry and also studied the impact of IT on the Indian Economy.
e-Government: Thoughts on Leveraging Technology for Organisational Excellence...Chinenye Mba-Uzoukwu
Given the size and import of the public sector across Africa's economies, it is clear that market-driven transformation however desirable, will be constrained by public sector alienated from and distrustful of technology. As a consequence, our countries fail to leverage the exponential value of a wholesale embrace of technology as an enabler, multiplier and accelerator of national development.
IT and ITES Sector Focused Analysis of Venture Capital Investments in Indiaijtsrd
Could you predict the common factor behind the most popular ventures like Flipkart, Snapdeal, Ola, Inmobi, Hike, Shopclues, Zomato, Paytm, Quikr All these ventures are backed by venture capital. Venture capital has been buzzing word in the last five years. Venture capital industry has endorsed brusque gaits of technology as an inevitable part of life. Venture capital in India following the footsteps of the global trends has been showering its fund in IT and ITES sector. IT and ITES sector has been the major receptor of venture capital investments in India. However, there are only few studies which edify the engrossed drive into venture capital investments in IT and ITES Sector. This paper is attempted to bring solicitous insights through sector focused analysis and reinstate the prominent role of venture capital industry. The eminence of the study is to unleash the potential emerging segments of IT and ITES Sector and driving forces of alluring venture capital investments into the sector. The study reveals that venture capital has upheld its ability to promote any segment and entrepreneurial development. Venture capital still inherits the potential to unleash the untapped pitches of the IT and ITES sector. The study suggests that entrepreneurial growth in these emerging segments with greater implications on productivity, healthcare and resolving plaguing issues has to be supported and promoted by the government. These emerging segments would be next big wave of change and development aspiring the nation. Saranya. S | Dr. Amulya. M "IT & ITES Sector Focused Analysis of Venture Capital Investments in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29132.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29132/it-and-ites-sector-focused-analysis-of-venture-capital-investments-in-india/saranya-s
Intangibles and industry productivity growth: the EU economiesABACO
Participation by Cecilia Jona-Lasinio (ISTAT and LUISS) at the I Workshop of Innovation and Strategy VLC / CAMPUS Program : “The advancement of knowledge-based activities: analysis, experiences and challenges”
MULTIMODAL COURSE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING LEML AND LMS FOR INSTRUCTIO...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
Novel R&D Capabilities as a Response to ESG Risks-Lessons From Amazon’s Fusio...IJMIT JOURNAL
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate
financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and
development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids
challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors.
This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and
necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
NOVEL R & D CAPABILITIES AS A RESPONSE TO ESG RISKS- LESSONS FROM AMAZON’S FU...IJMIT JOURNAL
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate
financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and
development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids
challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors.
This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and
necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
Building on this premise, this paper conducts an empirical analysis, utilizing reliable firms data on ESG
risk and brand value, with a focus on 100 global R&D leader firms. It analyzes R&D and actions for ESG
risk mitigation, and assesses the development of new functions that fulfill F + ESG optimization through
R&D. The analysis also highlights the significance of network externality effects, with a specific focus on
Amazon, a leading R&D company, providing insights into the direction for transforming R&D strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
The dynamics of stakeholder engagement in F + ESG optimization are indicated with the example of
amazon's activities. Through the analysis, it became evident that Amazon's capacity encompassing growth
and scalability, specifically its ability to grow and expand, is accelerating high-level research and
development by gaining the trust of stakeholders in the "synergy through R&D-driven ESG risk
mitigation."
Finally, as examples of these initiatives, the paper discussed the Climate Pledge led by Amazon and the
transformation of Japan's management system.
A REVIEW OF STOCK TREND PREDICTION WITH COMBINATION OF EFFECTIVE MULTI TECHNI...IJMIT JOURNAL
It is important for investors to understand stock trends and market conditions before trading stocks. Both
these capabilities are very important for an investor in order to obtain maximized profit and minimized
losses. Without this capability, investors will suffer losses due to their ignorance regarding stock trends
and market conditions. Technical analysis helps to understand stock prices behavior with regards to past
trends, the signals given by indicators and the major turning points of the market price. This paper reviews
the stock trend predictions with a combination of the effective multi technical indicator strategy to increase
investment performance by taking into account the global performance and the proposed combination of
effective multi technical indicator strategy model.
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING CUSTOMIZED RULES FOR SNORTIJMIT JOURNAL
These days the security provided by the computer systems is a big issue as it always has the threats of
cyber-attacks like IP address spoofing, Denial of Service (DOS), token impersonation, etc. The security
provided by the blue team operations tends to be costly if done in large firms as a large number of systems
need to be protected against these attacks. This leads these firms to turn to less costly security
configurations like IDS Suricata and IDS Snort. The main theme of the project is to improve the services
provided by Snort which is a tool used in creating a vague defense against cyber-attacks like DDOS
attacks which are done on both physical and network layers. These attacks in turn result in loss of
extremely important data. The rules defined in this project will result in monitoring traffic, analyzing it,
and taking appropriate action to not only stop the attack but also locate its source IP address. This whole
process uses different tools other than Snort like Wireshark, Wazuh and Splunk. The product of this will
result in not only the detection of the attack but also the source IP address of the machine on which the
attack is initiated and completed. The end product of this research will result in sets of default rules for the
Snort tool which will not only be able to provide better security than its previous versions but also be able
to provide the user with the IP address of the attacker or the person conducting the attack. The system
involves the integration of Wazuh with Snort tool in order to make it more efficient than IDS Suricata
which is another intrusion detection system capable of detecting all these types of attacks as mentioned.
Splunk is another tool used in this project which increases the firewall efficiency to pass the no. of bits to
be scanned and the no. of bits scanned successfully. Wazuh is used in this system as it is the best choice for
traffic monitoring and incident response than any other of its alternatives in the market. Since this system
is used in firms which are known to handle big amounts of data and for this purpose, we use Splunk tool as
it is very efficient in handling big amounts of data. Wireshark is used in this system in order to give the IDS
automation in its capability to capture and report the malicious packets found during the network scan. All
of this gives the IDS a capability of a low budget automated threat detection system. This paper gives
complete guidelines for authors submitting papers for the AIRCC Journals.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a critical technology for businesses seeking to improve
efficiency and profitability. One area where AI is proving particularly impactful is in service operations
management, where it is used to create AI-powered service operations (AIServiceOps) that deliver highvalue services to customers. AIServiceOps involve the use of AI to automate and optimize various business
processes, such as customer service, sales, marketing, and supply chain management. The rapid
development of Artificial Intelligence has prompted many changes in the field of Information Technology
(IT) Service Operations. IT Service Operations are driven by AI, i.e., AIServiceOps. AI has empowered
new vitality and addressed many challenges in IT Service Operations. However, there is a literature gap on
the Business Value Impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) Powered IT Service Operations. It can help IT
build optimized business resilience by creating value in complex and ever-changing environments as
product organizations move faster than IT can handle. So, this research paper examines how AIServiceOps
creates business value and sustainability, basically how AIServiceOps makes the IT staff liberation from a
low-level, repetitive workout and traditional IT practices for a continuously optimized process. One of the
research objectives is to compare Traditional IT Service Operations with AIServiceOPs. This paper
provides the basis for how enterprises can evaluate AIServiceOps and consider it a digital transformation
tool. The paper presents a case study of a company that implemented AI-powered service operations
(AIServiceOps) and analyzes the resulting business outcomes. The study shows that AIServiceOps can
significantly improve service delivery, reduce response times, and increase customer satisfaction.
Furthermore, it demonstrates how AIServiceOps can deliver substantial cost savings, such as reducing
labor costs and minimizing downtime.
MEDIATING AND MODERATING FACTORS AFFECTING READINESS TO IOT APPLICATIONS: THE...IJMIT JOURNAL
Although IOT seems to be the upcoming trend, it is still in its infancy; especially in the banking industry.
There is a clear gap in literature, as only few studies identify factors affecting readiness to IOT
applications in banks in general, and almost negligible investigations on mediating and moderating
factors. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the main factors that affect employees’ readiness to
IOT applications, while highlighting the mediating and moderating factors in the Egyptian banking sector.
The importance of Egypt stems from its high population and steady steps taken towards technology
adoption. 479 valid questionnaires were distributed over HR employees in banks. Data collected was
statistically analysed using Regression and SEM. Results showed a significant impact of ‘Security’,
‘Networking’, ‘Software Development’ and ‘Regulations’ on ‘readiness to IOT applications. Thus, the
readiness acceptance level is high‘Security’ and ‘User Intention’ were proven to mediate the relationship
between research variables and readiness to IOT applications, and only a partial moderation role was
proven for ‘Efficiency’. The study contributes to increasing literature on IOT applications in general, and
fills a gap on the Egyptian banking context in particular. Finally, it provides decision makers at banks with
useful guidelines on how to optimally promote IOT applications among employees.
EFFECTIVELY CONNECT ACQUIRED TECHNOLOGY TO INNOVATION OVER A LONG PERIODIJMIT JOURNAL
IT (Information and Communication Technology) companies are facing the dilemma of decreasing
productivity despite increasing research and development efforts. M&A (Merger and Acquisition) is being
considered as a breakthrough solution. From existing research, it has been pointed out that M&A leads to
the emergence of new innovations. Purpose of this study was to discuss the efficient ways of acquisition and
to resolve the dilemma of productivity decline by clarifying how the technology obtained through M&A
leads to the creation of new innovations. Hypothesis 1 was that the technology acquired through M&A is
utilized for innovation creation, Hypothesis 2 was that the acquired technology is utilized over a long
period of time, and Hypothesis 3 was that a long-term utilization has a positive impact on corporate
performance. The results, using sports prosthetics as a case study and using patents as a proxy variable,
confirmed all the hypotheses set. We have revealed that long-term utilization of technology obtained
through M&A is effective for creating new innovations.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of information technology and management
4th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CBIoT 2023)IJMIT JOURNAL
4th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CBIoT 2023) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the areas of Cloud, Big Data and IoT. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the area of Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
TRANSFORMING SERVICE OPERATIONS WITH AI: A CASE FOR BUSINESS VALUEIJMIT JOURNAL
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a critical technology for businesses seeking to improve
efficiency and profitability. One area where AI is proving particularly impactful is in service operations
management, where it is used to create AI-powered service operations (AIServiceOps) that deliver highvalue services to customers. AIServiceOps involve the use of AI to automate and optimize various business
processes, such as customer service, sales, marketing, and supply chain management. The rapid
development of Artificial Intelligence has prompted many changes in the field of Information Technology
(IT) Service Operations. IT Service Operations are driven by AI, i.e., AIServiceOps. AI has empowered
new vitality and addressed many challenges in IT Service Operations. However, there is a literature gap on
the Business Value Impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) Powered IT Service Operations. It can help IT
build optimized business resilience by creating value in complex and ever-changing environments as
product organizations move faster than IT can handle. So, this research paper examines how AIServiceOps
creates business value and sustainability, basically how AIServiceOps makes the IT staff liberation from a
low-level, repetitive workout and traditional IT practices for a continuously optimized process. One of the
research objectives is to compare Traditional IT Service Operations with AIServiceOPs. This paper
provides the basis for how enterprises can evaluate AIServiceOps and consider it a digital transformation
tool. The paper presents a case study of a company that implemented AI-powered service operations
(AIServiceOps) and analyzes the resulting business outcomes. The study shows that AIServiceOps can
significantly improve service delivery, reduce response times, and increase customer satisfaction.
Furthermore, it demonstrates how AIServiceOps can deliver substantial cost savings, such as reducing
labor costs and minimizing downtime.
DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING THE ONLINE KNOWLEDGE-SHARING BEHAVIOR OF ...IJMIT JOURNAL
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's digital knowledgesharing behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the
research framework using survey data from 210 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using
Smart PLS software. The results of the study show that trust, self-motivation, and altruism are positively
related to attitude. Contrary to our expectations, knowledge technology negatively affects attitude.
However, reward systems and empowerment by leaders are significantly associated with knowledgesharing intentions.Knowledge-sharing intention, in turn, was significantly related to digital knowledgesharing behavior. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for
future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance digital knowledge sharing in HEI.
The findings will benefit academic staff and university administrations.The study will also help academic
staff enhance their knowledge-sharing practices.
BUILDING RELIABLE CLOUD SYSTEMS THROUGH CHAOS ENGINEERINGIJMIT JOURNAL
Cloud computing systems need to be reliable so that they can be accessed and used for computing at any
given point in time. The complex nature of cloud systems is the motivation to conduct research in novel
ways of ensuring that cloud systems are built with reliability in mind. In building cloud systems, it is
expected that the cloud system will be able to deal with high demands and unexpected events that affect the
reliability and performance of the system.
In this paper, chaos engineering is considered a heuristic method that can be used to build reliable cloud
systems. Chaos engineering is aimed at exposing weaknesses in systems that are in production. Chaos
engineering will help identify system weaknesses and strengths when a system is exposed to unexpected
knocks and shocks while it is in production.
Chaos engineering allows system developers and administrators to get insights into how the cloud system
will behave when it is exposed to unexpected occurrences.
A REVIEW OF STOCK TREND PREDICTION WITH COMBINATION OF EFFECTIVE MULTI TECHNI...IJMIT JOURNAL
It is important for investors to understand stock trends and market conditions before trading stocks. Both
these capabilities are very important for an investor in order to obtain maximized profit and minimized
losses. Without this capability, investors will suffer losses due to their ignorance regarding stock trends
and market conditions. Technical analysis helps to understand stock prices behavior with regards to past
trends, the signals given by indicators and the major turning points of the market price. This paper reviews
the stock trend predictions with a combination of the effective multi technical indicator strategy to increase
investment performance by taking into account the global performance and the proposed combination of
effective multi technical indicator strategy model.
NETWORK MEDIA ATTENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper will provide a novel empirical study for the relationship between network media attention and
green technology innovation and examine how network media attention can ease financing constraints. It
collected data from listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry and performed rigorous
regression analysis, in order to innovatively explore the environmental governance functions of the media.
It found that network media attention significantly promotes green technology innovation. By analyzing the
inner mechanism further, it found that network media attention can promote green innovation by easing
financing constraints. Besides, network media attention has a significant positive impact on green invention
patents while not affecting green utility model patents.
INCLUSIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HANDLING COMPETING INSTITUTIONAL LOGICS FOR DHI...IJMIT JOURNAL
Information System (IS) research advocates employing collaborative and loose coupling strategies to address contradictory issues to address diversified actors’ interests than the prescriptive and unilateral Information Technology (IT) governance mechanisms’, yet it is rarely depicting how managers employ these strategies in Health Information System (HIS) implementation, particularly in a resource-constrained setting where IS implementation activities have highly relied on multiple international organizations resources. This study explored how managers in resource-constrained settings employ collaborative IT governance mechanisms in the case of District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) adoption with an interpretative case study approach and the institutional logic concept. The institutional logic concept was used to identify the major actors’ logics underpinning the DHIS2 adoption. The study depicted the importance of high-level officials' distance from the dominant systemic logic to consider new alternative, and to employ inclusive IT governance mechanisms which separated resource from the system that facilitated stakeholders’ collaboration in DHIS2 adoption based on their capacity and interest.
DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR EVENT MONITORING SYSTEMIJMIT JOURNAL
With an increasing number of extreme events and complexity, more alarms are being used to monitor
control rooms. Operators in the control rooms need to monitor and analyze these alarms to take suitable
actions to ensure the system’s stability and security. Security is the biggest concern in the modern world. It
is important to have a rigid surveillance that should guarantee protection from any sought of hazard.
Considering security, Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) cameras are being utilized for reconnaissance, but these
CCTV cameras require a person for supervision. As a human being, there can be a possibility to be tired
off in supervision at any point of time. So, we need a system to detect automatically. Thus, we came up with
a solution using YOLO V5. We have taken a data set and used robo-flow framework to enhance the existing
images into numerous variations where it will create a copy of grey scale image, a copy of its rotation and
a copy of its blurred version which will be used to get an enlarged data set. This work mainly focuses on
providing a secure environment using CCTV live footage as a source to detect the weapons. Using YOLO
algorithm, it divides an image from the video into grid system and each grid detects an object within itself
MULTIMODAL COURSE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING LEML AND LMS FOR INSTRUCTIO...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES: ENABLER FOR REVERSAL IN GDP GROWTH IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
1. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
DOI : 10.5121/ijmit.2018.10302 9
SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES: ENABLER FOR
REVERSAL IN GDP GROWTH IN THE DIGITAL
ECONOMY
Yuji Tou 1
, Kuniko Moriya 2, 3
, Chihiro Watanabe 4, 5
, Leena Ilmola6
, Pekka
Neittaanmäki7
1
Dept. of Ind. Engineering & Magm., Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
2
Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
3
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
4
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
5
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
6
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
7
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
ABSTRACT
While Finland and Singapore have been maintaining world digital leaders position, they demonstrate
interlaced contrast: high welfare with low GDP growth in Finland and higher GDP growth with lower
welfare in Singapore. This provokes an uncaptured GDP postulate that Finnish wellbeing has developed
more than one might conclude by GDP. However, a recent reversal in the GDP growth trend suggests the
possibility that uncaptured GDP contributes to remove structural impediments in GDP growth.This paper
demonstrates this hypothesis. An empirical analysis elucidating the inside the national accountings and
institutional systems revealed that soft innovation resources have substituted for service capital in Finland
and created uncaptured GDP which disseminated in tangible capital and removed structural impediments
impeding development leading to GDP growth. In addition, this growth enables next generation intellectual
property product (IPP) development. An insightful suggestion in overcoming a productivity paradox in the
digital economy was thus provided.
KEYWORDS
Digital economy, soft innovation resources, structural impediments in growth, productivity paradox,
Finland and Singapore
1. INTRODUCTION
Digital economy transforms the traditional concepts of economic growth. While Finland and
Singapore have been maintaining world digital leaders position, both countries demonstrated a
contrasting structure. Finland enjoyed high level of happiness/welfare under the great stagnation
while Singapore accomplished conspicuously high economic growth in the lower level of
happiness/welfare. This observation prompts us a hypothetical view that “well-being of the
Finnish people has developed in a more positive direction than one might conclude by GDP data”
[1].
2. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
10
Furthermore, the recent reversal trend in GDP growth in two countries (Fig. 1) suggests a
possibility of a transformation of the traditional concepts of GDP growth [2].
Figure. 1. Recent reversal trend in GDP growth of digital leaders (2013-2017).
Source: [3].
Confronting a productivity decline in the digital economy, global ICT leaders are transforming
business models into those with uncaptured GDP creation for their survival. This can be
attributed to the harnessing soft innovation resources against a productivity decline. This in turn
activates a self-propagating function and induces supra-functionality beyond economic value
corresponding to a shift in people’s preferences [4].
Authors demonstrated that this dynamism also contributes to removing structural impediments in
GDP growth, thus uncaptured GDP dependence by harnessing soft innovation resources
contributes to overcoming economic stagnation by its hybrid functions [2].
They then postulated that the recent reversal trend in GDP growth of ICT leaders Finland and
Singapore can be attributed to this contribution, and attempted to demonstrate this hypothetical
view.
They first identified that Finland’s recent GDP growth recovery can largely be attributed to its
gross fixed capital formation to which negative contribution in Singapore as demonstrated in
Table 1.
They then identified that contrary to increasing share in Singapore, Finland has been shifting to
less dependent on intellectual property products (IPP) in its gross fixed capital formation as
demonstrated in Fig. 2.
3. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
11
Table 1. Contribution to expenditure on GDP growth in Finland and Singapore (2013 – 2017)
- real growth rate (% p.a).
Original source: [5].
Adjusted to IMF statistics using the share of respective contribution by respective statistics.
Original source: [6].
Figure 2. Trends in share of intellectual property products (IPP) out of gross fixed capital formation in
Finland and Singapore (2006-2017) - %.
Sources: Same as original sources of Table 1. Finland 2017 value is estimated based on the trend in 2014-
2016.
4. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
12
Recalling recent noteworthy improvements in Finland on the effective utilization of soft
innovation resources such as trust (e.g., government-labor union reform pact in June 2016) and
untapped resources utilization (e.g., female business executives increase through gender balance
improvement), they interpreted these contrasting trajectories in two digital leaders as higher
dependence on soft innovation resources rather on ICT R&D in Finland and cling to ICT R&D in
Singapore. However, no substantial evidences has provided to this interpretation.
This paper attempts to demonstrate this hypothetical interpretation.
Following up the preceding analysis and insights obtained thereon, this paper attempts further
elucidation of the hybrid role of soft innovation resources-driven uncaptured GDP creation.
Spontaneous creation of this uncaptured GDP satisfies a shift in people’s preferences to supra-
functionality beyond economic value and also removes structural impediments in GDP growth.
On the basis of an empirical analysis elucidating the inside the national accountings and
institutional systems it was revealed that soft innovation resources have substituted for service
capital (IPP) in Finland and created uncaptured GDP which disseminated in tangible capital and
removed structural impediments impeding its formation. This formation leads to GDP growth. In
addition, this growth enables next generation IPP development.
Fig. 3 illustrates framework of the demonstration of this hypothetical view.
Figure 3. Dynamism of hybrid role of soft innovation resources: Creation of uncaptured GDP and remove
structural impediments in captured GDP growth.
An insightful suggestion to a productivity paradox in the digital economy was thus provided.
5. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
13
Section 2 analyzes contributor to capital increase. Role of soft innovation resources is reviewed in
Section 3. Section 4 demonstrates soft innovation resources substitution for IPP. Section 5
analyzes effects of dissemination of soft innovation resources in tangible capital. Section 6
summarizes the noteworthy findings, policy suggestions, and future research.
2. CONTRIBUTOR TO CAPITAL INCREASE
In light of primal contribution of gross fixed capital formation (GC) to the recent reversal trend in
GDP growth between Finland and Singapore as demonstrated in Table 1, contributor of GC
growth was analyzed by dividing GC into gross service capital (GSC) and gross tangible capital
(GTC). Here, GSC is represented by IPP in the national accounts while GTC includes such
tangible assets as machinery, vehicles, plant, dwellings, buildings, and land improvements.
Table 2 compares focus of respective resources.
Table 2. Focus of gross capital investment and possible substitution by soft innovation resources
GC can be decomposed as follow:
𝐺𝐶 = 𝜅 𝐺𝐶 + 𝜆 𝐺𝐶 (1)
where 𝜅 and 𝜆: share of GSC and GTC, respectively. 𝜅 + 𝜆 = 1
Differentiate by time t:
= Δ𝐺𝐶 = (Δ𝜅 ⋅ 𝐺𝐶 + 𝜅 ⋅△ 𝐺𝐶) + (△ 𝜆 ⋅ 𝐺𝐶 + 𝜆 ⋅△ 𝐺𝐶) (2)
Thus, growth rate can be depicted as follows:
△
= (△ 𝜅 + 𝑘 ∙
△
) + (△ 𝜆 + 𝜆 ∙
△
) (3)
Table 3 compares contribution of GSC and GTC to GC growth rate in Finland and Singapore
over the period 2013-2017. Fig. 4 compares contribution of GTC to GC in two countries.
Figure 4. Trend in gross tangible capital (GTC) contribution to gross fixed capital (GC) formation in
Finland and Singapore (2013-2017).
6. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
14
Looking at this figure we note that while Finland has been shifting from dependence on gross
GSC to GTC for its GC formation, Singapore has been clinging to GSC. This suggests that soft
innovation resources substitute for GSC and induce GTC in Finland that leads its GDP growth.
Table 3. Contribution of growth rate of gross fixed capital (GC) formation in Finland and Singapore (2013-
2017) - %.
* indicates estimate based on the trend in 2014-2016.
3. ROLE OF SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES
3.1. SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES
Confronting productivity decline in the digital economy, leading global ICT firms have been
endeavoring to transform into a new business model that creates supra-functionality beyond
economic value corresponding to a shift in people’s preferences by not largely depending on
R&D investment which may accelerate productivity decline [7].
7. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
15
Against such circumstances, highly R&D intensive firms endeavor to effective utilization of soft
innovation resources rather than depending on further ICT R&D as demonstrated in Fig. 5 [7] [8].
Soft innovation resources activate potential of self-propagating function indigenous to ICT (see
Note) which induces functionality development leading to supra-functionality creation.
Note: ICT in which network externalities function to alter the correlation between innovation and
institutional systems which creates new features of the innovation leading to exponential increase
in a self-propagating way [9].
Note: ICT in which network externalities function to alter the correlation between innovation and
institutional systems which creates new features of the innovation leading to exponential increase
in a self-propagating way [9].
Figure 5. Soft innovation resources initiated by global ICT firms’ pioneering endeavor.
3.2 THE ROLE OF THE INTERNET FOR HARNESSING THE VIGOUR OF SOFT
INNOVATION RESOURCES
Soft innovation resources can be emerged by harnessing the vigor of non-monetary function such
as:
(i) Driving force of co-evolutionary dynamism among the Internet advancement, uncaptured
GDP dependence and a shift in people’s preferences to supra-functionality beyond economic
value (Fig. 6-1).
(ii) Sleeping resources as non-operational cars and drivers as well as idling time which can be
awoken and utilized effectively by means of the Internet and smartphones (Fig. 6-2).
(iii)Trust by overdrawing past information which can be accelerated by the Internet (Fig. 6-3).
(iv) Utmost gratification ever experienced leading to consumption which effectively recalled by
the Internet (Fig. 6-4).
(v) Memory and dream recalled and drawn actively by the Internet (Fig. 6-5).
(vi) Untapped resources effectively utilized and envisioned by the Internet (Fig. 6-6).
8. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
16
All can largely be depended on the advancement of the Internet and further activated toward the
IoT society [10] [11] [12].
Fig. 6 outlines dynamism of typical soft innovation resources in activating self-propagating
function.
Fig. 6-1. Driving force of co-evolutionary dynamism. Source: [13].
Source: [4].
Fig. 6-3. Trust by overdrawing past innovation. Fig. 6-4. Utmost gratification ever experienced.
Source: [14]. Source: [15].
Fig. 6-5. Memory and future dream. Fig. 6-6. Untapped resources and vision.
Source: [16]. Source: [17].
9. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
17
4. SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES SUBSTITUTE FOR IPP
4.1. BURDEN OF R&D INVESTMENT
Figs. 7 and 8 compare trends in R&D expenditure between Finland and Singapore over the period
1994-2016 by decomposing business enterprise R&D and government R&D.
Figure 7. Trend in R&D by source of funding in Finland (1994-2016) – Index: 1994 = 100.
Source: [18].
Figure 8. Trend in R&D by source of funding in Singapore (1994-2016) – Index: 1994 = 100.
Source: [19].
Note: 2015 and 2016 values are estimated by [6] and [20].
While both leaders experienced sharp decrease in their R&D investment both government and
business enterprise after the Lehman shock in 2008. However, contrary to Singapore’s prompt
recovery from 2010 under strong government initiative, Finland suffered longer stagnation both
in government and business enterprise.
In Finland, while business-funding R&D started to decline due to the Lehman shock in 2008,
government funding of R&D continued to grow. However, it switched from expansionary to
10. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
18
contractionary policy after 2010 which exacerbated a massive drop in business-funded R&D [21].
Consequently, growth rate of gross service capital (IPP) has shown decreasing trend in Finland
from 2010 as demonstrated in Fig. 2. While government contractionary policy continued till 2015
and slightly relaxed from 2016 corresponding to the nation’s economic resurgence, Finland R&D
funding continued to decline with clear contrast in Singapore’s sharp increase.
Given the increasing burden of traditional ICT R&D investment (which shares the majority of
IPP) while its productivity has been declining as a consequence of the two-faced nature of ICT
[22], Finland has been considering to substitute IPP to soft innovation resources which create new
functionality corresponding to a shift in people’s preferences to supra-functionality beyond
economic value with smaller capital investment [7]. This corresponds to spontaneous creation of
uncaptured GDP initiated in the forefront of global ICT firms endeavor amidst the digital
economy [7].
In “Finland’s National Innovation Strategy” published in 2008 [23] following fundamental
concepts were introduced:
- Finland’s success has largely been based on its high-quality education system, long-term
investments by enterprises and the public sector in R&D, and its well-functioning, networked
institutions.
- The challenges of growth and competitiveness can no longer be tackled only by means of a
sector-based, technology-oriented strategy, instead, a demand-based innovation policy must
be strengthened alongside a supply-based innovation policy.
- Innovation emerges as a combination of many competencies. Broad-based innovation policy
creates the preconditions for operating models combining the needs of users, consumers and
citizens, alongside knowledge, creativity and competence.
- Demand and user orientation are required to attain Finnish strategic goals: Innovation steered
by demand, playing attention to the needs of customers, consumers and citizens in the
operation of the public and private sector alike, requires a market with incentives and shared
innovation processes between users and developers.
- There is room for improvement in Finland, particularly as concerns the development and
introduction of user-oriented service innovations.
- The success of innovative communities is based on sharing competence and knowledge, and
the ability to combine different perspectives and approaches. Increasingly often, innovations
are created on the interfaces of various competence areas.
- The connections between producers and users of information are exceptionally close in
Finland. Generally, Finland’s innovation enterprises corporate with other parties
exceptionally often.
- A systematic approach is the key concept in implementing a broad-based innovation policy.
New incentives accelerate changes of perspective in the innovation precesses, bringing
individuals as end users into the core of innovation activity. Therefore, the innovation
11. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
19
potential of citizens, which previously remained partly hidden, can now be able to capitalized
on as the driver of development in the national economy and society.
- Ultimately, pioneering lead markets will be created on the basis of market players’ own
decisions, but their hoped-for development can be promoted by methodologically
implementing measures to support innovative demand.
- Strategic cooperation in assessment, foresight and strategic work across administrative fields
will be intensified and precipitated.
Following these fundamental concepts, more concrete action plans for development and
utilization of soft innovation resources were proposed in recent years as follows:
- Open platforms for co-creation as Finland is good at visions and roadmaps as a future
oriented country [24].
- Use new instruments to link a wide range of actors (knowledge producers, users,
intermediaries etc.) in addressing innovation and social challenges [21].
- Finland’s national innovation agency TEKES’ merge with Finpro from the beginning of 2018
brings Finland’s support schemes for research and innovation under one roof and will enable
a more networked type of innovation, boosting collaborations between research institutes,
universities and companies leading to offering better services for customers and enriching the
innovation ecosystem [25].
- Finland considers new business models, products, services and ecosystems enabled by the
digital platform economy are included in key issues in the EU’s ninth Framework Programme
(2021-) for research and innovation. The Programme should enhance measures to include
citizens and the civil society in setting and planning the priorities of research and innovation
and actual research and innovation activities [26].
- Involving users in the innovation process and providing new impetus to innovation by
making use of findings produced by broad stakeholders (Min. of Economic Affairs and
Employment [27].
4.2. SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES SUBSTITUTE FOR IPP
Given that soft innovation resources are crystal of the advancement of the Internet, as reviewed
earlier (Fig. 6), provided that extent of utilization of soft innovation resources is represented by
dependence of the Internet, their substitution for IPP can be examined by the following equation:
ln = 𝑎 + 𝜖 ln (4)
where I: Internet dependence, J: IPP, pi: Internet price, pj: IPP price, 𝜖 : elasticity of substitution
between Internet and IPP, and a: coefficient.
𝜖 > 1, I substitutes for J (see Note)
12. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
20
Note I substitution for J
𝛘 ≡
𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒕 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
𝑰𝑷𝑷 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
=
𝑰∙𝒑 𝒊
𝑱⋅𝒑 𝒋
ln 𝜒 = ln − ln = a + (𝜖 − 1) ln
When 𝜖 > 1, pj increase reacts to Internet expenditure increase (I substitutes for J)
Table 5 tabulates trends in the Internet, gross service cost (IPP), gross tangible cost and their
prices in Finland and Singapore over the period 2000-2017.
Table 5. Trends in the Internet, gross service cost, gross tangible cost and their prices in Finland and
Singapore (2000-2017) – Index: 2000 = 100 (F: Finland, S: Singapore)
*Estimated value based on trends in 2014-2016.
Sources: [5] [6] [28].
Note: Following [29] IPP price was estimated by using the following learning equation:
13. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
21
Finland piF = 55.3J-0.60
, Singapore: piS = 46.5J-0.75
where pi: Index (2000 = 100), J: Internet dependence (%).
Based on equation (4), Fig. 9 illustrates correlation between IPP/Internet price ratio and
Internet/IPP ratio in Finland and Singapore over the period 2000-2017. Here, IPP implies GSC
share out of GC and Internet implies the Internet dependence.
In order to gain a general idea on the possibility of soft innovation resources substitution for IPP,
Fig. 10 illustrates trend in R&D funding (which shares majority of IPP) in Singapore and Finland
over the same period as Fig. 9. Looking at Figs. 9 and 10 we note that while R&D demonstrates
declining trend in Finland in recent years, its Internet/IPP ratio demonstrates sharp increase and
opposite trends is observed in Singapore. These observations suggest a possible soft innovation
resources substitution for IPP in Finland and their complement in Singapore
Figure 10. Trend in R&D funding in Singapore and Finland (2000-2017) – Index: 2000 = 100.
Source: [19].
14. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
22
Note: 2017 value for Finland is estimated by [30].
2015-2017 values for Singapore are estimated by [31] [32].
With such pre-estimation in mind, Table 6 demonstrates the result of the correlation analysis
between IPP/Internet price ratio and Internet/IPP ratio in Finland and Singapore over the period
2000-2017. The result demonstrates statistically significant.
Table 6. Correlation between pj/pi and I/J in Finland and Singapore (2000-2017)
Table 7 compares elasticities of substitution between Internet and IPP in two countries depending
on periods.
Finland maintained positive correlation for whole period examined and demonstrated strong soft
innovation resources substitution for IPP from 2015. This strong substitution corresponds to its
resurgence in GDP growth.
Contrary to Finland’s conspicuous substitution in recent years, Singapore demonstrates opposite
and demonstrates still clinging to IPP rather than soft innovation resources as clearly observed in
Fig. 10.
Table 7. Elasticity of substitution between Internet and IPP in Finland and Singapore (2000-2017)
15. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
23
This result demonstrates a hypothetical view that Finland resurgent in GDP growth through gross
fixed capital formation notwithstanding increasing burden of R&D investment can largely be
attributed to soft innovation resources substitution for IPP.
5. DISSEMINATION OF SOFT INNOVATION RESOURCES IN TANGIBLE
CAPITAL
Increasing dependency on soft innovation resources as substitute for IPP in Finland has
disseminated steadily in gross tangible capital and removed structural impediments in its
formation and enabled sustainable increase in gross fixed capital formation leading to captured
GDP resurgence in recent years.
In order to confirm this effect Table 8 first compared the impact of the Internet dependence (a
proxy of soft innovation resources) on gross tangible capital formation in Finland and Singapore
over the period 2000-2017.
Table 8 Impact of the Internet dependence on gross tangible capital formation in Finland and
Singapore (2000-2017)
Looking at Table 8 we note that while Finland depended on soft innovation resources (proxied by
the Internet dependence), particularly largely on them after 2013, Singapore reacted negative as
dependence on soft innovation resources decrease gross tangible capital formation.
16. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
24
This finding suggests that in Finland soft innovation resources that substituted for IPP
disseminated and spilled-over into gross tangible capital. This disseminated soft innovation
resources are considered to removed structural impediments that impeded gross tangible capital
formation and contributed to Finland’s resurgence in GDP growth in recent years.
This resurgence is expected to resurge decreased IPP for next generation digital innovation [21]
[25].
Inspired by this finding Fig. 11 demonstrates Finland’s success in removing structural
impediments impeding gross tangible capital formation by means of effective utilization of soft
innovation resources in recent years.
Figure 11. Effects of soft innovation resources spillover.
While Finland had the most rigid wage negotiation system in the world that impeded its growth
and competitiveness for long years, government’s historic ambitious decision, Reform Pact in
June 2016 has relaxed this rigid system by shifting away from centralized wage-setting toward
company-level labor deals and removed long-lasting impediments in growth and competitiveness.
This can largely be appreciated as a consequence of effective utilization of soft innovation
resource, trust (Fig. 6-3). Success in constructing coevolution between ICT development and
promotion and activation of female potential in business (Fig. 6-6) can also be attributed to
utilization of soft innovation resources, untapped resources.
17. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
25
As a consequent of such efforts, demand-supply discrepancy has dramatically decreased [33] and
enabled gross tangible capital positive contribution to GDP growth. For example, machinery and
equipment has changed from long lasting negative contribution to positive contribution to GDP
growth from 2016 as: -0.06% (2013), -0.04% (2014), -0.03% (2015) to 0.05% in 2016 [34].
Recent policy decisions of relaxation of car inspection laws (May 2018) and taxi market
liberalization (July 2018) accelerate effective utilization of such soft innovation resources as
driving force of preferences shift to supra-functionality (Fig. 6-1) and sleeping resources (Fig. 6-
2). These decisions are expected to remove demand supply discrepancy toward the aging society
and people’s preferences diversification and enable on demand supply and transgenerational
satisfaction.
6. CONCLUSION
In light of a noteworthy contrast in the world ICT leaders as high welfare with low GDP growth
in Finland and higher GDP growth with lower welfare in Singapore, an uncaptured GDP
postulate that Finnish wellbeing has developed more than one might conclude by GDP was
provoked. In addition, the possibility that uncaptured GDP contributes to remove structural
impediments in GDP growth was postulated by a recent reversal trend in the GDP growth.
This paper attempted to demonstrate these hypotheses. An empirical analysis elucidating the
inside the national accountings and institutional systems in world ICT leaders Finland and
Singapore was conducted.
Noteworthy findings include:
(i) Finland’s recent GDP growth recovery can largely be attributed to its gross fixed capital
formation.
(ii) This formation depends on gross tangible capital while gross service capital (IPP)
contributes to negative.
(iii) This is due to substitution of soft innovation resources for service capital in Finland.
(iv) This substitution creates uncaptured GDP which disseminates in tangible capital and
removes structural impediments impeding tangible capital formation.
(v) This removal leads to resurgence of GDP growth.
(vi) In addition, this growth enables next generation IPP.
These findings give rise to the following insightful suggestions for optimal trajectory
management in the digital economy both national and firm levels:
(i) Further exploration and utilization of soft innovation resources should be continued.
(ii) Effective mechanism of soft innovation resources substitution for IPP should be developed.
(iii)Optimal balance between soft innovation resources dependence and sustainable IPP should be
sought.
(iv) Effective dissemination of soft innovation resources-driven uncaptured GDP into gross
tangible capital should be developed.
(v) Similar substitution mechanism in consumption should be analyzed.
An insightful suggestion in overcoming a productivity paradox in the digital economy was thus
provided.
Future works should focus on further international comparisons. In addition, careful monitoring
of the reversal trend should be continued.
18. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
26
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research leading to these results is the part of a project: Platform Value Now: Value
capturing in the fast emerging platform ecosystems, supported by the Strategic Research Council
at the Academy of Finland [grant number 293446].
REFERENCES
[1] Ylhainen, I., (2017) Challenges of Measuring the Digital Economy.
https://www.sitra.fi/en/articles/challenges-measuring-digital-economy/
[2] Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2018b) ”Consequences of the Digital
Economy: Transformation of the Growth Concept,” International Journal of Managing Information
Technology, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp 21-39.
[3] IMF, (2017) “World economic outlook database,” IMF, Washington.
[4] Watanabe, C., Tou, Y. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2018c) ”A New Paradox of the Digital Economy:
Structural Sources of the Limitation of GDP Statistics,” Technology in Society, in print.
[5] Statistics Finland, (2018a) “National accounts of Finland,” Statistics Finland, Helsinki.
[6] Department of Statistics Singapore, (2018a) “National Accounts of Singapore,” Department of
Statistics Singapore, Singapore.
[7] Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2018a) ”Structural Sources of a Productivity
Decline in the Digital Economy,” International Journal of Managing Information Technology, Vol.
10, No. 1, pp 1-20.
[8] Naveed, K., Watanabe, C. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2018) ”The Transformative Direction of Innovation
toward an IoT-based Society: Increasing Dependency on Uncaptured GDP in Global ICT Firms,”
Technology in Society, Vol. 53, pp 23-46.
[9] Watanabe, C., Kondo, R., Ouchi, N., Wei, H. and Griffy-Brown, C., (2004) “Institutional Elasticity as
a Significant Driver of IT Functionality Development,” Technological Forecasting and Social
Change, Vol. 71, No. 7, pp 723-750.
[10] Bharadwaj, A., Sawy, O.A.E., Pavloyu, P.A. and Venkatraman, N. (2013) “Digital Business Strategy:
Toward a Next Generation of Insights,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 2, 471–482.
[11] McKinsey Global Institute. (2015) The Internet of Things: Mapping the Value beyond the Hype.
McKinsey & Company, San Francisco.
[12] Internet Society, Global Internet Report 2016,
https://www.internetsociety.org/globalinternetreport/2016/wp-
content/uploads/2016/11/ISOC_GIR_2016-v1.pdf, 2016 (retrieved 05.08.2017).
[13] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P. & Tou, Y., (2016a) ”Co-evolution of Three Mega Trends
Nature Uncaptured GDP: Uber’s Ride-sharing Revolution,” Technology in Society, Vol. 46, pp 164–
185.
[14] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2016b) ”Co-evolution between Trust in Teachers and
Higher Education toward Digitally-rich Learning Environments,” Technology in Society, Vol. 48, pp
70–96.
[15] Watanabe, C., (2013) “Innovation-consumption Co-emergence Leads a Resilience Business,”
Innovation and Supply Chain Management, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp 92-104.
[16] Naveed, K., Watanabe, C. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2017) ”Co-evolution between Streaming and Live
Music Leads a Way to the Sustainable Growth of Music Industry: Lessons from the US Experiences,”
Technology in Society, Vol. 50, pp 1-19.
[17] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Neittaanmäki,P., (2017) ”ICT-driven Disruptive Innovation Nurtures
Uncaptured GDP: Harnessing Woemen’s Potential as Untapped Resources,” Technology in Society,
Vol. 51, pp 81–101.
[18] OECD, (2017) “OECD Review of innovation policy: Finland assessment and recommendation,”
OECD, Paris.
19. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.10, No.3, August 2018
27
[19] OECD, (2018) “OECD database,” OECD, Paris.
[20] Ministry of Finance Singapore, (2018). Singapore Budget 2018. Ministry of Finance Singapore,
Singapore.
[21] Hutchenreiter, G., Zuniga, P. & Weber J., (2017). “OECD Review of Innovation Policy: Finland
Assessment and Recommendations,” Launch Seminar, Helsinki.
[22] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2015b) ”Dependency on Un-captured GDP as a
Source of Resilience beyond Economic Value in Countries with Advanced ICT Infrastructure:
Similarities and Disparities between Finland and Singapore,” Technology in Society, Vol. 42, pp
104–122.
[23] Ministry of Employment and the Economy (MEE), (2008) “Finland’s National Innovation Strategy,”
MEE, Helsinki.
[24] Hautamaki, A., (2017). “Finland’s Research and Innovation Policy Needs to be Revised with a Broad
Brush,” Business & Finance, Politics, Tech & Science.
[25] Zubascu. F., (2017) “Finland Remodels Its Innovation Strategy,” Science & Business.
[26] Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland (MEAE), (2017) “Finland’s Preliminary
Views on the EU’s 9th Framework Programme (2021-) for Research and Innovation,” MEAE,
Helsinki.
[27] Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland (MEAE), (2018) “Innovation Policy
Provides an Incentive for Continuous Renewal,” MEAE, Helsinki.
http://tem.fi/en/innovation-policy Retrieved 6 April 2018.
[28] International Telecommunication Union (ITU), (2018) “World telecommunication/ICT indicators
database, “ ITU, Geneva.
[29] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Zhao, W., (2015a) “New Paradigm of ICT Productivity: Increasing Role
of Un-captured GDP and Growing Anger of Consumers,” Technology in Society, Vol. 41, pp 21–44.
[30] Statistics Finland, (2018b). “Government Budget Allocation for R&D in 2018.” Statistics Finland,
Helsinki.
[31] Department of Statistics Singapore, (2018b) “Detailed Statistical Time Series, R&D Expenditure,”
Department of Statistics Singapore, Singapore.
[32] Ministry of Finance Singapore, (2018) “Singapore budget 2018),” Ministry of Singapore, Singapore.
[33] Statistics Finland, (2018c). “The Labor Market in Finland,” Statistics Finland, Helsinki.
[34] Statistics Finland, (2018d). “Statistics Finland’s PX-Web databases,” Statistics Finland, Helsinki.
AUTHORS
Yuji Tou graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, and is currently specially appointed
associate professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan (tou.yuji@gmail.com).
Kuniko Moriya graduated from Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan, and is currently Director of the Bank of
Japan, and a research scholar at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland (kuniko.moriya@boj.or.jp).
Chihiro Watanabe graduated from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and is currently Professor Emeritus at
the Tokyo Institute of Technology, research professor at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and a
research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
(watanabe.c.pqr@gmail.com).
Leena Ilmola graduated from Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Finland, and now is
currently Senior Researcher at the International Institute of Technology (IIASA), Austria
(ilmola@iiasa.ac.at)
Pekka Neittaanmäki graduated from the University of Jyväskylä with a degree in Mathematics. He is
currently Professor of the Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
(pekka.neittaanmaki@jyu.fi).