SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•66 views
The document discusses how culture and identity are constructed. It defines culture and subculture, noting that subcultures can form based on age, gender, sexuality, or religion. It then explains that post-modern sociologists believe identity is not fixed, but can be constructed from a variety of sources, similar to a pick-and-mix counter. In particular, the media plays a key role in influencing and helping construct identities, as seen through various youth subcultures that formed in the 1980s based on shared music tastes, dress, and self-identification. The document ends by asking the reader to reflect on how they construct their own identity and how the media has influenced them.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Evaluation audience
The target audience for the media product is 16-26 year olds because that is the age range of the creator and fits the genre of the magazine. The audience includes both men and women, though it is aimed more at men, as the genre is underrepresented by women. The profile of the target audience would be a 22 year old male musician who is interested in music and social/political issues and lives an alternative lifestyle.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Social research examines attitudes, beliefs, trends, and social rules within a society. The scope of social research can focus on individuals or entire populations. Conducting social research is an engaging process that requires skills in observation, logical thinking, and curiosity about sociological topics like poverty, racism, class issues, voting behavior, and criminality. Researchers develop hypotheses to test their initial ideas or hunches about relationships between variables. Data can be collected through quantitative methods that rely on numbers or qualitative methods like observations and interviews to understand experiences. Primary data is collected directly by researchers, while secondary data involves previously collected official statistics.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Social research examines attitudes, assumptions, beliefs, trends, and rules within a society. The scope of social research can range from an individual to an entire race or country. Social research is an engaging and demanding process requiring skills, careful observation, and logical thinking to understand sociological curiosities. Some topics of interest include poverty, racism, class issues, voting behavior, policing, criminality, women, men, children, work, unemployment, poverty, and immigration.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the concept of a family life cycle, where individuals experience different types of family and household situations over their lifetime based on factors like relationships, having children, aging parents. It provides an example of one woman's life cycle, starting as part of a nuclear family as a child, then living in single-parent, communal, single, cohabiting, nuclear (with own children), and single households at different points from age 0 to 100. Finally, it outlines a theorist's perspective that the nuclear family remains the most typical structure, though individuals pass through other situations like single-parenthood along the way.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The hypodermic syringe model of media influence assumes that audiences passively accept ideas injected by the media like a hypodermic needle. However, this model is criticized for being too simplistic and deterministic by not considering that audiences exercise free choice. It also reduces the complex relationship between media and audiences to a simple cause-and-effect relationship. Research shows that audiences are not homogeneous and can interpret media in sophisticated ways based on their background and experiences. Other social influences also need to be considered rather than scapegoating media as the sole cause of behaviors.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses different views of the relationship between the media, the state, and the political process. It begins by outlining two views: that the media is controlled by powerful companies who impose their views, and that the media acts as a watchdog criticizing politicians. It then provides learning objectives about discussing the role of mass media in democracies and authoritarian regimes. Finally, it outlines various theories including the pluralist view that media reflects a range of interests, the Marxist view that media reinforces the status quo, and neo-Marxist and postmodernist critiques of these views.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document outlines an ongoing ethnographic study of criminals in an ex-industrial town in the North East of England. The researcher aims to examine the life histories and experiences of career criminals through interviews and observation. Preliminary findings suggest some criminals identify strongly with consumerism and the desire to display symbols of success. Some see involvement in drug dealing as the best path to achieving status. Cocaine and cannabis are the most common illegal commodities traded in the town. The researcher hopes to better understand the impact of deindustrialization on criminal identities and behavior.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to gangs. It defines a gang as a group with some form of membership, hierarchy, and involvement in criminal activities. It lists the objectives of examining aspects of being in a gang and providing an example through Ross Kemp's documentary "On Gangs." Students are asked to identify and explain key aspects of being in a gang like territory, delinquent subculture, loyalty, and hierarchy based on textbook readings and media examples. Homework involves summarizing a news article about contemporary gangs in the UK.
Recommended
Evaluation audience
The target audience for the media product is 16-26 year olds because that is the age range of the creator and fits the genre of the magazine. The audience includes both men and women, though it is aimed more at men, as the genre is underrepresented by women. The profile of the target audience would be a 22 year old male musician who is interested in music and social/political issues and lives an alternative lifestyle.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Social research examines attitudes, beliefs, trends, and social rules within a society. The scope of social research can focus on individuals or entire populations. Conducting social research is an engaging process that requires skills in observation, logical thinking, and curiosity about sociological topics like poverty, racism, class issues, voting behavior, and criminality. Researchers develop hypotheses to test their initial ideas or hunches about relationships between variables. Data can be collected through quantitative methods that rely on numbers or qualitative methods like observations and interviews to understand experiences. Primary data is collected directly by researchers, while secondary data involves previously collected official statistics.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Social research examines attitudes, assumptions, beliefs, trends, and rules within a society. The scope of social research can range from an individual to an entire race or country. Social research is an engaging and demanding process requiring skills, careful observation, and logical thinking to understand sociological curiosities. Some topics of interest include poverty, racism, class issues, voting behavior, policing, criminality, women, men, children, work, unemployment, poverty, and immigration.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the concept of a family life cycle, where individuals experience different types of family and household situations over their lifetime based on factors like relationships, having children, aging parents. It provides an example of one woman's life cycle, starting as part of a nuclear family as a child, then living in single-parent, communal, single, cohabiting, nuclear (with own children), and single households at different points from age 0 to 100. Finally, it outlines a theorist's perspective that the nuclear family remains the most typical structure, though individuals pass through other situations like single-parenthood along the way.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The hypodermic syringe model of media influence assumes that audiences passively accept ideas injected by the media like a hypodermic needle. However, this model is criticized for being too simplistic and deterministic by not considering that audiences exercise free choice. It also reduces the complex relationship between media and audiences to a simple cause-and-effect relationship. Research shows that audiences are not homogeneous and can interpret media in sophisticated ways based on their background and experiences. Other social influences also need to be considered rather than scapegoating media as the sole cause of behaviors.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses different views of the relationship between the media, the state, and the political process. It begins by outlining two views: that the media is controlled by powerful companies who impose their views, and that the media acts as a watchdog criticizing politicians. It then provides learning objectives about discussing the role of mass media in democracies and authoritarian regimes. Finally, it outlines various theories including the pluralist view that media reflects a range of interests, the Marxist view that media reinforces the status quo, and neo-Marxist and postmodernist critiques of these views.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document outlines an ongoing ethnographic study of criminals in an ex-industrial town in the North East of England. The researcher aims to examine the life histories and experiences of career criminals through interviews and observation. Preliminary findings suggest some criminals identify strongly with consumerism and the desire to display symbols of success. Some see involvement in drug dealing as the best path to achieving status. Cocaine and cannabis are the most common illegal commodities traded in the town. The researcher hopes to better understand the impact of deindustrialization on criminal identities and behavior.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to gangs. It defines a gang as a group with some form of membership, hierarchy, and involvement in criminal activities. It lists the objectives of examining aspects of being in a gang and providing an example through Ross Kemp's documentary "On Gangs." Students are asked to identify and explain key aspects of being in a gang like territory, delinquent subculture, loyalty, and hierarchy based on textbook readings and media examples. Homework involves summarizing a news article about contemporary gangs in the UK.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Globalization is a complex process that both benefits and challenges nation states in various ways. While it allows for the spread of capitalism and free market ideology, it has also concentrated economic power among multinational corporations and undermined the autonomy and sovereignty of some nation states. However, nations still intervene to bail out failing companies and globalization has faced resistance from those seeking to preserve national and local identities and values. The rise and fall of economies like Ireland also shows the uncertainties of globalization.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Religious organizations, places of worship, sacred texts, and religious laws and customs are seen as patriarchal by feminist theorists by concentrating power in male authorities and supporting male dominance and control over women. However, scholars like Karen Armstrong, Nawal El Saadawi, and Linda Woodhead have challenged these views by arguing that religion can be interpreted in different ways and does not necessarily promote the oppression of women.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses factors contributing to differences in academic achievement between girls and boys. It identifies internal school factors like teacher training and stereotypes, as well as external societal factors around changing job markets and social expectations. Boys are said to struggle with organizational challenges, peer pressure discouraging effort, and a lack of male role models in schools. Solutions proposed include single-sex schools, more male teachers, and teaching approaches that appeal to different learning needs.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Wikileaks and Facebook represent two different approaches to new media in the 21st century. Wikileaks, founded by Julian Assange, aims to make government and corporate documents publicly available to increase transparency, whereas Facebook, founded by Mark Zuckerberg, is a social media platform that connects individuals. Both sites have experienced rapid growth but also criticism - Wikileaks for its radical approach to sharing secrets, and Facebook for issues around privacy and data use. Overall the document analyzes how these groups exemplify differing views of new media's role in society.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Globalization is the process by which societies become increasingly interconnected through economic, cultural, and political forces. This document discusses debates around the role of media in globalization and whether it leads to cultural imperialism or a more multicultural world. On one side, critics argue that globalization accentuates unequal relationships by allowing transnational corporations to dominate. However, others counter that nation states are not helpless and can produce their own media while also consuming foreign products. Local cultures also adapt foreign media in unique ways.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses factors that influence gender differences in educational achievement and subject choices. It summarizes that gender roles are socially constructed from a young age through different activities encouraged for boys and girls. This early socialization can lead children to view certain subjects as masculine or feminine domains. Stereotypes associated with subjects, like seeing science and computing as masculine, influence subject preferences. Single-sex schools reduce these influences of gender stereotypes, allowing girls more freedom in subject choices. Overall, the document examines social and cultural factors beyond biology that shape differences in male and female educational experiences.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides information on different types of power and authority, sources of authority, democracy, citizenship, the state, views of the state, political participation, voting patterns, pressure groups, volunteering, barriers to participation, the welfare state, government policies on poverty, unemployment, discrimination, an aging population, and power relationships. It does so over multiple pages in detail.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Pressure groups seek to influence government policy on issues important to their members. They focus on single issues and use various tactics to publicize their views and influence decisions. Pressure groups are important in a democracy by allowing participation in the political process and influencing government policy through both insider and outsider tactics. The pluralist view sees pressure groups as promoting compromise, while the conflict view sees them as promoting the interests of powerful groups.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides an introduction to a media studies lesson plan that aims to:
1) Examine how news reporting can influence audience beliefs and perspectives on stories.
2) Remind students about concepts like "moral panics" in news coverage.
3) Introduce the ideas of left and right-wing biases in media reporting.
The lesson uses examples like newspaper articles and advertisements to illustrate different styles of news coverage and representation of events. Students are asked to analyze and compare representations of the same topics across various media sources.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses the strengths and limitations of observational studies. It addresses several practical issues that must be considered when evaluating such studies, including time, money, and how the researcher's personal characteristics and memory could impact results. Ethical concerns are also discussed, such as how fully participating in the activities being observed, such as drinking alcohol, could impact the researcher's objectivity and memory. The document also considers how interpretivists and positivists may differ in their views on using participant observation as a research method.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses Plains Indian cultures. Plains Indians lived in the Great Plains region of North America and had nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyles. They lived in portable tepees and followed buffalo herds on seasonal cycles to gather food and resources for survival.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Consensus theories view society as basically harmonious, with shared beliefs and values creating social order. Behavior is shaped by socialization into the culture. Institutions like schools work together to support society, with each institution having a specific role. The main consensus theory is functionalism.
Conflict theories see society as based on inequality and conflict, with certain groups benefiting at the expense of others. Institutions serve the powerful minority and use socialization and punishment to control the masses. The main conflict theory discussed is Marxism.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document outlines test topics that will be covered on various dates. The topics include social class, ethnicity, gender, functionalism, Marxism, and education policy. Social class will discuss both external factors like cultural and material deprivation as well as internal factors such as labeling and subcultures. Ethnicity will cover external factors like racism and internal factors such as institutional racism. Gender will address subject choice, identity, and achievement gaps between boys and girls in relation to both external societal factors and internal school factors.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses various definitions and perspectives on what constitutes religion. It examines substantive definitions that focus on the core beliefs and practices of religion, such as a belief in supernatural beings or relating to sacred concepts. It also looks at functional definitions that emphasize how religion strengthens social bonds and integration. The document notes criticisms of these approaches and alternatives like social constructionism. Examples are provided to illustrate how different definitions can lead to varying views on whether certain beliefs or practices are religious.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Crime and deviance can be defined as illegal acts punishable by law and behavior that does not conform to social norms. Deviance is socially constructed and dependent on factors like culture, history, and location. Not all crime is deviant and not all deviance is illegal. Crime statistics come from official police records and victim/self-report surveys. Younger males from working-class backgrounds and certain ethnic groups are overrepresented in crime statistics, though sociological factors like biased policing may influence these disparities. The impacts of crime can be physical, financial, social, and psychological on individuals and communities.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This interactive cartoon depicts a worker moving between different topics on ideology, Marxism, income, and the relationship between workers and bosses. The worker is unable to escape and is directed back repeatedly by the prompts, representing the lack of control and choice that workers experience under capitalism.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses key terms and issues related to research methods in sociology. It defines terms like reliability, validity, representativeness, generalizability, quantitative data, qualitative data, primary data, secondary data, positivists, interpretivists, practical factors, and ethical factors. Reliability refers to the consistency of results across different researchers. Validity means a method accurately measures what it claims to. Representativeness is whether a sample reflects the overall population. Generalizability allows claims about the whole population based on a sample. Quantitative data is numerical while qualitative data provides rich descriptions of experiences. Primary data is collected by researchers while secondary data was collected by others. Positivists see society as systematically shaping behavior
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Religion can act as a conservative social force that prevents change and maintains stability, according to functionalist theories. Functionalism views religion as serving important functions for society, such as unifying people through shared values and rituals, reinforcing social solidarity and traditions, and reducing uncertainty and disruption during life events. Examples include religious funerals bringing communities together and rituals among Aboriginal tribes symbolizing cultural ways of life. Overall, Functionalism sees religion as binding members of society together and upholding the social order through these consensus-building and change-preventing functions.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and discusses the characteristics of mass media. It identifies three key aspects of mass media: production of messages, content of media messages, and reception of messages by audiences. It also outlines three forms of media organization: community based, public, and private. While all three are important, the document suggests that private media organizations, which include large conglomerates like News Corporation and Time Warner, have become the most significant due to industry trends toward consolidation through vertical integration, horizontal integration, and transnational ownership.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Functionalism views society as meritocratic, where different social classes exist to fill occupational positions requiring varying skills and abilities. Some positions are more functionally important than others, and society needs people to undertake menial jobs. Functionalism argues that social classes affect identity through the agents of socialization like education, family, peers, religion, media, and the workplace. Students were tasked with creating posters exploring how social class influences identity from the perspectives of theories like Marxism, postmodernism, and functionalism.
Essays On Culture
Essay on Cultural Globalization
Essay My Personal Culture
Essay about Culture Clash
Essay Human Culture
Essay about Understanding Culture
Essay about Cultural Experience
Culture Jonathan R. Wynn, University of Ma
Culture
Jonathan R. Wynn, University of
Massachusetts Amherst
Culture (Fall 2021)
Page 2
Culture
J O N A T H A N R . W Y N N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A S S A C H U S E T T S A M H E R S T
WHAT IS CULTURE?
Material culture vs. symbolic culture
High culture vs. popular culture
Culture as values vs. culture as a way of life
CULTURE IS A CYCLE
The romantic image of an artist
How is culture produced?
Consuming culture
Subcultures
HOW CULTURE WORKS
How culture creates inequalities
How culture creates groups and boundaries
THE CULTURE JAM
Culture jam as a mix
Culture jam as a problem
Culture jam as a solution
Culture (Fall 2021)
Page 3
INTRODUCTION
How does music help us understand the complexity of culture?
You close your eyes and feel the music. Your head bobs up and down. You see the
color of the lights through your eyelids.
Are you close to the stage, with bodies and sweat pressed to your shoulders, or do you
hang back? Do you feel a connection with the surrounding strangers? With the band? What
kind of music is it? Do the lyrics reflect your experiences or do they transport you into another
perspective? Where are you? A packed underground club? A stadium? Or a library cubicle,
listening on Beats headphones?
Music is a powerful force in our lives. It is also a multibillion-dollar industry, with
organizational and technological changes that shape how music is made and experienced.
Music is just one kind of culture, shaping our views of the world, connecting people near and
far.
What kind of music is this crowd listening to? (Source)
https://pixabay.com/en/audience-band-celebration-concert-1867754
Culture (Fall 2021)
Page 4
We humans produce far more than what we need for mere survival. Our intellect allows
for expansive creativity, self-reflection, and communication. We transform our living
environment. We share ideas and values. Culture, broadly, is everything we make and
consume—including our ideas, attitudes, traditions, and practices—beyond that bare
necessity. Music may very well be one of the earliest forms of culture humanity produced.
“Culture” is one of the most difficult words for a sociologist to use. Sociological research
on culture varies, but most sociologists are committed to the idea that the symbolic and
expressive aspects to social life—the beliefs and values we hold, as well as the practices and
activities we engage in—are worth examination. Thinking in this way, burritos and Beyoncé,
athleisure and college athletics, juggalos (fans of the band Insane Clown Posse) and graffiti all
uncover great sociological questions.
Opening this chapter with a few questions about how you experience music illustrates
how we can think about culture from a sociological perspective. Émile Durkheim allows us to
think about how much of social life works via culture: he notes that symbols (material or
...
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Globalization is a complex process that both benefits and challenges nation states in various ways. While it allows for the spread of capitalism and free market ideology, it has also concentrated economic power among multinational corporations and undermined the autonomy and sovereignty of some nation states. However, nations still intervene to bail out failing companies and globalization has faced resistance from those seeking to preserve national and local identities and values. The rise and fall of economies like Ireland also shows the uncertainties of globalization.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Religious organizations, places of worship, sacred texts, and religious laws and customs are seen as patriarchal by feminist theorists by concentrating power in male authorities and supporting male dominance and control over women. However, scholars like Karen Armstrong, Nawal El Saadawi, and Linda Woodhead have challenged these views by arguing that religion can be interpreted in different ways and does not necessarily promote the oppression of women.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses factors contributing to differences in academic achievement between girls and boys. It identifies internal school factors like teacher training and stereotypes, as well as external societal factors around changing job markets and social expectations. Boys are said to struggle with organizational challenges, peer pressure discouraging effort, and a lack of male role models in schools. Solutions proposed include single-sex schools, more male teachers, and teaching approaches that appeal to different learning needs.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Wikileaks and Facebook represent two different approaches to new media in the 21st century. Wikileaks, founded by Julian Assange, aims to make government and corporate documents publicly available to increase transparency, whereas Facebook, founded by Mark Zuckerberg, is a social media platform that connects individuals. Both sites have experienced rapid growth but also criticism - Wikileaks for its radical approach to sharing secrets, and Facebook for issues around privacy and data use. Overall the document analyzes how these groups exemplify differing views of new media's role in society.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Globalization is the process by which societies become increasingly interconnected through economic, cultural, and political forces. This document discusses debates around the role of media in globalization and whether it leads to cultural imperialism or a more multicultural world. On one side, critics argue that globalization accentuates unequal relationships by allowing transnational corporations to dominate. However, others counter that nation states are not helpless and can produce their own media while also consuming foreign products. Local cultures also adapt foreign media in unique ways.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses factors that influence gender differences in educational achievement and subject choices. It summarizes that gender roles are socially constructed from a young age through different activities encouraged for boys and girls. This early socialization can lead children to view certain subjects as masculine or feminine domains. Stereotypes associated with subjects, like seeing science and computing as masculine, influence subject preferences. Single-sex schools reduce these influences of gender stereotypes, allowing girls more freedom in subject choices. Overall, the document examines social and cultural factors beyond biology that shape differences in male and female educational experiences.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides information on different types of power and authority, sources of authority, democracy, citizenship, the state, views of the state, political participation, voting patterns, pressure groups, volunteering, barriers to participation, the welfare state, government policies on poverty, unemployment, discrimination, an aging population, and power relationships. It does so over multiple pages in detail.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Pressure groups seek to influence government policy on issues important to their members. They focus on single issues and use various tactics to publicize their views and influence decisions. Pressure groups are important in a democracy by allowing participation in the political process and influencing government policy through both insider and outsider tactics. The pluralist view sees pressure groups as promoting compromise, while the conflict view sees them as promoting the interests of powerful groups.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides an introduction to a media studies lesson plan that aims to:
1) Examine how news reporting can influence audience beliefs and perspectives on stories.
2) Remind students about concepts like "moral panics" in news coverage.
3) Introduce the ideas of left and right-wing biases in media reporting.
The lesson uses examples like newspaper articles and advertisements to illustrate different styles of news coverage and representation of events. Students are asked to analyze and compare representations of the same topics across various media sources.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses the strengths and limitations of observational studies. It addresses several practical issues that must be considered when evaluating such studies, including time, money, and how the researcher's personal characteristics and memory could impact results. Ethical concerns are also discussed, such as how fully participating in the activities being observed, such as drinking alcohol, could impact the researcher's objectivity and memory. The document also considers how interpretivists and positivists may differ in their views on using participant observation as a research method.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses Plains Indian cultures. Plains Indians lived in the Great Plains region of North America and had nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyles. They lived in portable tepees and followed buffalo herds on seasonal cycles to gather food and resources for survival.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Consensus theories view society as basically harmonious, with shared beliefs and values creating social order. Behavior is shaped by socialization into the culture. Institutions like schools work together to support society, with each institution having a specific role. The main consensus theory is functionalism.
Conflict theories see society as based on inequality and conflict, with certain groups benefiting at the expense of others. Institutions serve the powerful minority and use socialization and punishment to control the masses. The main conflict theory discussed is Marxism.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document outlines test topics that will be covered on various dates. The topics include social class, ethnicity, gender, functionalism, Marxism, and education policy. Social class will discuss both external factors like cultural and material deprivation as well as internal factors such as labeling and subcultures. Ethnicity will cover external factors like racism and internal factors such as institutional racism. Gender will address subject choice, identity, and achievement gaps between boys and girls in relation to both external societal factors and internal school factors.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses various definitions and perspectives on what constitutes religion. It examines substantive definitions that focus on the core beliefs and practices of religion, such as a belief in supernatural beings or relating to sacred concepts. It also looks at functional definitions that emphasize how religion strengthens social bonds and integration. The document notes criticisms of these approaches and alternatives like social constructionism. Examples are provided to illustrate how different definitions can lead to varying views on whether certain beliefs or practices are religious.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Crime and deviance can be defined as illegal acts punishable by law and behavior that does not conform to social norms. Deviance is socially constructed and dependent on factors like culture, history, and location. Not all crime is deviant and not all deviance is illegal. Crime statistics come from official police records and victim/self-report surveys. Younger males from working-class backgrounds and certain ethnic groups are overrepresented in crime statistics, though sociological factors like biased policing may influence these disparities. The impacts of crime can be physical, financial, social, and psychological on individuals and communities.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This interactive cartoon depicts a worker moving between different topics on ideology, Marxism, income, and the relationship between workers and bosses. The worker is unable to escape and is directed back repeatedly by the prompts, representing the lack of control and choice that workers experience under capitalism.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses key terms and issues related to research methods in sociology. It defines terms like reliability, validity, representativeness, generalizability, quantitative data, qualitative data, primary data, secondary data, positivists, interpretivists, practical factors, and ethical factors. Reliability refers to the consistency of results across different researchers. Validity means a method accurately measures what it claims to. Representativeness is whether a sample reflects the overall population. Generalizability allows claims about the whole population based on a sample. Quantitative data is numerical while qualitative data provides rich descriptions of experiences. Primary data is collected by researchers while secondary data was collected by others. Positivists see society as systematically shaping behavior
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Religion can act as a conservative social force that prevents change and maintains stability, according to functionalist theories. Functionalism views religion as serving important functions for society, such as unifying people through shared values and rituals, reinforcing social solidarity and traditions, and reducing uncertainty and disruption during life events. Examples include religious funerals bringing communities together and rituals among Aboriginal tribes symbolizing cultural ways of life. Overall, Functionalism sees religion as binding members of society together and upholding the social order through these consensus-building and change-preventing functions.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and discusses the characteristics of mass media. It identifies three key aspects of mass media: production of messages, content of media messages, and reception of messages by audiences. It also outlines three forms of media organization: community based, public, and private. While all three are important, the document suggests that private media organizations, which include large conglomerates like News Corporation and Time Warner, have become the most significant due to industry trends toward consolidation through vertical integration, horizontal integration, and transnational ownership.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Functionalism views society as meritocratic, where different social classes exist to fill occupational positions requiring varying skills and abilities. Some positions are more functionally important than others, and society needs people to undertake menial jobs. Functionalism argues that social classes affect identity through the agents of socialization like education, family, peers, religion, media, and the workplace. Students were tasked with creating posters exploring how social class influences identity from the perspectives of theories like Marxism, postmodernism, and functionalism.
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Essays On Culture
Essay on Cultural Globalization
Essay My Personal Culture
Essay about Culture Clash
Essay Human Culture
Essay about Understanding Culture
Essay about Cultural Experience
Culture Jonathan R. Wynn, University of Ma
Culture
Jonathan R. Wynn, University of
Massachusetts Amherst
Culture (Fall 2021)
Page 2
Culture
J O N A T H A N R . W Y N N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A S S A C H U S E T T S A M H E R S T
WHAT IS CULTURE?
Material culture vs. symbolic culture
High culture vs. popular culture
Culture as values vs. culture as a way of life
CULTURE IS A CYCLE
The romantic image of an artist
How is culture produced?
Consuming culture
Subcultures
HOW CULTURE WORKS
How culture creates inequalities
How culture creates groups and boundaries
THE CULTURE JAM
Culture jam as a mix
Culture jam as a problem
Culture jam as a solution
Culture (Fall 2021)
Page 3
INTRODUCTION
How does music help us understand the complexity of culture?
You close your eyes and feel the music. Your head bobs up and down. You see the
color of the lights through your eyelids.
Are you close to the stage, with bodies and sweat pressed to your shoulders, or do you
hang back? Do you feel a connection with the surrounding strangers? With the band? What
kind of music is it? Do the lyrics reflect your experiences or do they transport you into another
perspective? Where are you? A packed underground club? A stadium? Or a library cubicle,
listening on Beats headphones?
Music is a powerful force in our lives. It is also a multibillion-dollar industry, with
organizational and technological changes that shape how music is made and experienced.
Music is just one kind of culture, shaping our views of the world, connecting people near and
far.
What kind of music is this crowd listening to? (Source)
https://pixabay.com/en/audience-band-celebration-concert-1867754
Culture (Fall 2021)
Page 4
We humans produce far more than what we need for mere survival. Our intellect allows
for expansive creativity, self-reflection, and communication. We transform our living
environment. We share ideas and values. Culture, broadly, is everything we make and
consume—including our ideas, attitudes, traditions, and practices—beyond that bare
necessity. Music may very well be one of the earliest forms of culture humanity produced.
“Culture” is one of the most difficult words for a sociologist to use. Sociological research
on culture varies, but most sociologists are committed to the idea that the symbolic and
expressive aspects to social life—the beliefs and values we hold, as well as the practices and
activities we engage in—are worth examination. Thinking in this way, burritos and Beyoncé,
athleisure and college athletics, juggalos (fans of the band Insane Clown Posse) and graffiti all
uncover great sociological questions.
Opening this chapter with a few questions about how you experience music illustrates
how we can think about culture from a sociological perspective. Émile Durkheim allows us to
think about how much of social life works via culture: he notes that symbols (material or
...
The Representation of Youth
The document discusses youth subcultures and their relationship to pop music. It defines a subculture as a group united by shared values, tastes, and position outside the mainstream. Subcultures respond to topics like individuality versus fitting in, brands, and styles. The document also discusses how the pop music industry both constructs pop stars to appeal to specific markets, but can never truly predict audience tastes. Stars represent and promote certain ideologies that fans who share those values will support and emulate. Finally, it argues that the pop industry struggles to keep up with shifting youth values and groups, and does not create long-lasting subcultures on its own.
Representation of Youth (Deans Lesson)
The document discusses youth subcultures and their relationship to pop music. It defines a subculture as a group united by shared values, tastes, and position outside the mainstream. Subcultures respond to topics like individuality versus fitting in, brands, and styles. The document also discusses how the pop music industry both constructs pop stars to appeal to specific markets, but can never truly predict audience tastes. Stars represent and promote certain ideologies that fans who share those values will support and emulate. Finally, it argues that the pop industry struggles to keep up with shifting youth values and groups, and does not create long-lasting subcultures on its own.
Henley college -_representation_of_youth_-_dean
The document discusses youth subcultures and their relationship to pop music. It defines a subculture as a group united by shared values, tastes, and position outside the mainstream. Subcultures respond to topics like individuality versus fitting in, brands, and styles. The document also discusses how the pop music industry both constructs pop stars to appeal to specific markets, but can never truly predict audience tastes. Stars represent and promote certain ideologies that fans who share those values will support and emulate. Finally, it argues that the pop industry struggles to keep up with shifting youth values and groups, and does not create long-lasting subcultures on its own.
Question Two Powerpointpptx
The document discusses how the media product represents young adults aged 17-20. It portrays them as individuals rather than following stereotypes. The target audience enjoys creating unique music with instruments like guitars and ukuleles rather than popular top 40 songs. They are depicted as talented, intelligent, and appreciative of music as an art form rather than focused on stereotypes like emos, chavs, punks, or hoodies.
Question Two x
The document discusses how the media product represents social groups of young adults aged 17-20. It aims to provide an alternative representation by portraying them as individuals rather than following stereotypes. Specifically, the target audience has interests in various musical instruments and creating unique music beyond top 40 hits, showing their individuality and creativity. Common stereotypes of social groups like emos, chavs, and punks are mentioned. The media product seeks to represent this age group as unique, talented individuals who appreciate music as an art form rather than following stereotypical trends.
Question Two.
The document discusses how the media product represents young adults aged 17-20. It portrays them as individuals rather than following stereotypes. The target audience enjoys creating unique music with instruments like guitars and ukuleles rather than popular top 40 songs. They are represented as talented, intelligent, and appreciative of music as an art form rather than focused on stereotypes like emos, chavs, punks, or hoodies.
Culture And Its Effects On Our Culture
Culture powerfully influences human cognition, perception and behavior. Culture provides structure, order and predictability in an unpredictable world. It shapes how we see and understand the world through the lens of our cultural upbringing. Culture is learned during childhood and influences personality development and social functioning. Different cultures have diverse rules, customs and norms regarding verbal communication and interaction that can cause barriers or be misinterpreted between cultures without understanding cultural differences.
From Catwalks to Street Style_ Fashion's Influence on Lifestyles (1).docx
Fashion and lifestyles are intricately connected, as fashion serves as a means of self-expression that reflects one's identity, values, and lifestyle choices. Fashion is influenced by diverse lifestyles and subcultures, which give rise to distinct styles, while also shaping trends through music, sports, and social media. Fashion empowers individuals to experiment with their appearance and embrace their authentic selves. It also reflects growing sustainability movements as conscious consumers seek environmentally friendly options. Both fashion and lifestyles continue to evolve together.
Culture Jonathan R. Wynn, University of Massac
Culture
Jonathan R. Wynn, University of Massachusetts
Amherst
Culture
Page 2
Culture
J O N A T H A N R . W Y N N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A S S A C H U S E T T S
A M H E R S T
WHAT IS CULTURE?
M aterial cu ltu re v s. sy m b olic cu ltu re
H igh cu ltu re v s. p op u lar cu ltu re
C u ltu re as v alu es vs. cu ltu re as a way of life
CULTURE IS A CYCLE
The rom antic im a ge of an a rtist
H ow is cu ltu re p rod u ced ?
C on su m in g c u ltu re
Su b cu ltu res
HOW CULTURE WORKS
H ow cu ltu re creates in eq u alities
H ow cu ltu re creates g rou p s an d b ou n d aries
THE CULTURE JAM
C u ltu re jam as a m ix
C u ltu re jam as a problem
C u ltu re jam as a solu tion
Culture
Page 3
INTRODUCTION
£ How does music help us understand the complexity of culture?
You close your eyes and feel the music. Your head bobs up and down. You see the color of the lights
through your eyelids.
Are you close to the stage, with bodies and sweat pressed to your shoulders, or do you hang back? Do
you feel a connection with the strangers around you? With the band? What kind of music is it? Do the lyrics
reflect your experiences or do they transport you into another perspective? Where are you? A packed
underground club? A stadium? Or a library cubicle, listening on Beats headphones?
Music is a powerful force in our lives. It is also a multibillion-dollar industry, with organizational and
technological changes that shape how music is made and experienced. Music is just one kind of culture,
shaping our views of the world, connecting people near and far.
What kind of music is this crowd listening to? (Source)
We humans produce far more than what we need for mere survival. Our intellect allows for
expansive creativity, self-reflection, and communication. We transform our living environment. We share
Culture
Page 4
ideas and values. Culture, broadly, is everything we make and consume—including our ideas, attitudes,
traditions, and practices—beyond that bare necessity. Music may very well be one of the earliest forms of
culture humanity produced.
“Culture” is one of the most difficult words for a sociologist to use. Sociological research on culture
varies, but most work is committed to the idea that the symbolic and expressive aspects to social life—the
beliefs and values we hold, as well as the practices and activities we engage in—are worth examination.
Thinking in this way, burritos and Beyoncé, athleisure and college athletics, juggalos and graffiti all uncover
great sociological questions.
Opening this chapter with a few questions about how you experience music illustrates how we can
begin to think about culture from a sociological perspective. Émile Durkheim allows us to think about how
much of social life works via culture: he notes that symbols (material or immaterial objects that groups affix
meaning to), deployed thr ...
388437625-Aspects-of-Culture-and-Society-I-Dynamic-Flexible-Adaptable-Shared-...
This document discusses culture and society. It defines culture as the beliefs, practices, and ways of life of a particular group, and society as a group of people who share the same culture. Culture is dynamic and constantly changes and adapts to current times, while also being shared and contested within a society. It is important to both preserve traditional cultures while allowing them to evolve over time as societies change.
Calamo - Buy Custom Essays Online From Best
The document describes a 5-step process for ordering custom essays from an online writing service called HelpWriting.net. The steps include: 1) Creating an account; 2) Completing an order form with instructions and deadline; 3) Reviewing bids from writers and selecting one; 4) Reviewing the completed paper and authorizing payment; 5) Requesting revisions if needed and being assured of a refund for plagiarized work. The purpose is to outline the simple process for students to get high-quality original essays written by professional writers through this service.
Culture
A society cannot exist without culture. Culture provides a society with shared traditions, values, beliefs and behaviors that unite people and give life meaning. It also teaches moral values, responsibility, discipline, compassion, and helps safeguard traditions for future generations. Without a unifying culture, a society would lack knowledge of its history and identity, have no social bonds or shared sense of purpose, and experience increased conflict, irresponsibility and lack of compassion between groups.
Sample 5 Paragraph Informative Essay - What I
The document discusses Realism and Impressionism in art history. It notes how paintings during these periods often depicted scenes of Parisians enjoying leisure activities along the River Seine. It compares Gustave Courbet's painting "Young Ladies on the Banks of the Seine," which depicted women resting in nature and caused controversy, to Édouard Manet's painting "Luncheon on the Grass," both of which featured subjects that were unusual for large paintings at the time. The essay aims to compare and contrast key works from Realism and Impressionism and the artistic philosophies of the two periods.
Intercultural Communication
To think about the elements which constitute culture. Differences between attitudes based on culture and on individual personality and how does culture affects communication. To use a visual aid and theoretic input to think about behavioural attitudes and culture.
Sociology part 6
The document discusses the concept of culture from a sociological perspective. It provides definitions of culture from several anthropologists and sociologists such as Tylor, Linton, Goodenough, and Geertz. Culture is described as the shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and worldviews that are learned and transmitted between generations within human societies. The key characteristics of culture outlined include that culture is learned, unconscious, shared, integrated across different domains like kinship and religion, and symbolic in nature. Culture provides a lens that shapes how individuals perceive and evaluate the world.
LESSON-3 (1).pptxnsjzjzizjzizizhzuzjzhzhuzuzhs
This document discusses different theories of popular culture: critical theory, functionalism theory, and interactionism theory. Critical theory views popular culture as a tool used by mass media and capitalists to indoctrinate and subordinate audiences. Functionalism theory sees popular culture as fulfilling the social function of binding groups together and creating solidarity. Interactionism theory focuses on how individuals use popular culture to understand themselves, but are also shaped by others through interpretive communities that influence tastes. The document also discusses the philosophical and social relevance of popular culture, how it can be used by philosophy to attract people, and how it plays an inclusionary role in society.
Culture Essay
1) Culture ties people together and gives them a shared identity and sense of belonging. It establishes common values, beliefs, and behaviors that unite members of a society.
2) Culture allows for the transmission of knowledge across generations. Important skills, traditions, and ways of thinking are passed down through cultural teachings and practices.
3) A strong, shared culture promotes social cohesion and stability. It provides social norms that guide interactions and help integrate new members of a society. Culture fosters order and cooperation within a group.
1205 Sociology Global Culture
This document discusses global culture and its relationship to sociology. It defines culture as including elements like language, norms, values and beliefs that are learned from a group rather than genetically transmitted. While not every individual shares the exact same culture, societies can contain different cultural kinds existing alongside one another, such as high culture and folk culture. Global culture refers to people in different countries sharing norms, values, attitudes and products.
Similar to SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource (20)
From Catwalks to Street Style_ Fashion's Influence on Lifestyles (1).docx
From Catwalks to Street Style_ Fashion's Influence on Lifestyles (1).docx
388437625-Aspects-of-Culture-and-Society-I-Dynamic-Flexible-Adaptable-Shared-...
388437625-Aspects-of-Culture-and-Society-I-Dynamic-Flexible-Adaptable-Shared-...
More from sociologyexchange.co.uk
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses how views of childhood have changed over time and across cultures. Benedict claims that in non-industrial societies, there is less distinction between adult and child behavior and expectations, and children are treated very differently than in Western societies. Specifically, children in non-industrial cultures often take on responsibilities earlier, have less restricted sexual behaviors, and show less obedience to adult authority. The document then discusses factors like industrialization, laws preventing child cruelty and labor, and theories of child development that have led childhood to be constructed differently and children to be more dependent and protected in modern Western societies.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Cultural, social class, and generational diversity all contribute to differences in family forms. Cultural diversity refers to differences between families of various ethnic, religious, and ideological backgrounds. Social class divisions exist between upper, middle, and working classes as well as within those groups. Generational diversity refers to differences in experiences and attitudes between older and younger family members and generations.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document is a mark scheme for a sociology exam assessing students' understanding of different sociological explanations of suicide. It provides detailed criteria for evaluating answers in bands from 0-21 marks based on the students' interpretation, application, analysis, and evaluation of concepts from the item and elsewhere. Higher bands are characterized by explaining two or more sociological perspectives on suicide accurately and applying them appropriately to the question.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides guidance on answering exam questions about crime and deviance. It discusses two 21-mark essay questions to spend 30 minutes on each, including discussing at least two sides of an argument and referencing relevant theories and studies. For the first question on ethnic differences in crime rates, explanations to assess include institutional racism in the criminal justice system versus theories of relative deprivation and poor upbringing influencing crime rates. For the second question on media portrayals of crime, topics to discuss include how the media distorts crime statistics and can cause moral panics, as well as its relationship to fear of crime. Subcultural theories from Merton to more recent work should be assessed chronologically for their usefulness in explaining subcultural crime and
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides guidance on answering exam questions about crime and deviance. It discusses two 21-mark essay questions to spend 30 minutes on each, including discussing at least two sides of an argument and referencing relevant theories and studies. For the first question on ethnic differences in crime rates, explanations to assess include institutional racism in the criminal justice system versus theories of relative deprivation and poor upbringing influencing crime rates. For the second question on media portrayals of crime, topics to discuss include how the media distorts crime statistics and can cause moral panics, as well as its relationship to fear of crime. Subcultural theories from Merton to more recent work should be assessed chronologically for their usefulness in explaining subcultural crime and
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Sociological research has the potential to influence social policy in several ways:
1) Sociological studies can reveal the true nature and extent of social problems, challenges dominant views, and leads to a redefinition of issues. This occurred with studies of poverty and disability.
2) Establishing definitions and counting the size of marginalized groups through research can raise their profile and lead to new policies. This happened when the disabled population was more accurately defined and quantified.
3) Systematic reviews of research evidence can identify effective solutions and approaches to social issues. An example is a review that informed policies to reduce teen pregnancy and support young parents.
However, critics argue that government-funded research may not be
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) Sudhir Venkatesh spent time living with the Black Kings gang in Chicago to study urban poverty from within the community.
2) He met J.T., the leader of the local gang, who offered to let Venkatesh shadow him for a day to truly understand life in the neighborhood.
3) Over time, Venkatesh grew close to J.T. and other gang members as he observed their daily activities, though he recognized J.T. was a criminal and his research depended on the gang's approval.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses crime prevention and punishment from various sociological perspectives. It examines strategies for preventing crime, ranging from situational crime prevention to community programs addressing root causes. It also looks at different views of punishment, including deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation. Additionally, it covers trends in victimization and the concept of victimology - the sociological study of victims, their experiences and how some groups are at higher risk of being victimized.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses key concepts in sociology related to social inequality based on age and ethnicity. It provides definitions of ethnicity, ethnic group, and examines how sociologists believe these attributes can create unequal life chances. Specific inequalities are explored around issues like discrimination, legislation, and how views of age and ethnicity may differ cross-culturally.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Here are some potential positive and negative consequences of divorce for each group:
For the husband and wife:
Positive: Opportunity for personal growth and happiness in a new relationship.
Negative: Financial difficulties from single parenthood or splitting assets. Emotional distress.
For the family:
Positive: Conflict may be reduced.
Negative: Loss of the traditional family structure, less contact with extended family. Financial difficulties.
For the children:
Positive: Grow up in a happier environment without parental conflict.
Negative: Stress and insecurity from family breakdown. May feel torn between parents. Adjustment to new living situations.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides information about an advanced sociology exam that will take place on January 15, 2013. It is divided into three sections and students must choose one section to answer all the questions from. The exam will last 1 hour and students must write their answers in an AQA 8-page answer book. The exam is out of a total of 60 marks. Questions worth 24 marks require answers in continuous prose and will be assessed on use of English, organization of information, and appropriate use of specialist vocabulary.
The document also provides two sample exam items, one discussing the dark side of family relationships like domestic violence and child abuse, and problems with statistics on these issues. The other sample item discusses reliability of statistics on modern families
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides memory hooks and tools to help students remember important concepts in sociology. It includes acronyms and phrases to summarize key ideas related to topics like family, education, crime and deviance, religion, research methods, and functionalist theory. Color-coded memory hooks are organized by theme to aid recall of sociological information.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses reasons for overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in crime statistics. It questions whether ethnic minorities truly commit more crimes or if statistics provide an inaccurate picture due to factors like institutional racism and stereotyping. Some reasons given for higher crime rates and convictions among ethnic groups include evidence of racism within police culture and practices, unfair targeting of minorities in stop-and-search policies, and socioeconomic challenges like poverty that are more common in minority communities. The case study of Stephen Lawrence, a black teenager murdered in 1993, illustrates failures in the police investigation potentially due to racism and stereotyping.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Some sociologists would agree that males are more likely to commit crimes than females due to differences in primary socialization and opportunities to commit crimes. However, others disagree because crime statistics may be inaccurate since males face higher rates of arrest and charges. Additionally, the chivalry thesis suggests that females receive more lenient treatment in the criminal justice system since it is male-dominated. In conclusion, there are many complex reasons for apparent gender differences in crime rates that are still debated among sociologists.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) Gender is defined by sociologists as the social and cultural differences between masculinity and femininity rather than the biological differences between sexes.
2) From birth, individuals are socialized into gender through practices like dressing, naming, toys/books given which prepare individuals for different roles in society based on their gender.
3) While legislation has promoted more equality, sociologists argue that gender inequality still exists in areas like the workplace where women are more likely to be in lower level jobs and face barriers to promotion.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) Social action theorists argue that people are not constrained by external forces and have control over their own attitudes and actions.
2) Society is a product of people interacting in social groups and applying meanings to social behaviors.
3) Norms and values are seen as flexible guidelines that people apply different meanings to depending on the social situation.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Huntington argued that there are 7 major civilizations - Western, Orthodox, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu, Japanese and Latin American/African - and that conflicts will emerge along the dividing lines of these civilizations, especially between the Western and Islamic worlds. However, critics argue that Huntington's theory oversimplifies conflicts and ignores other important factors like economic and political interests, as well as differences in views on issues like individualism, gender equality and sexuality between societies.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses values and ethics in sociology research. It outlines the positivist view that sociology should be objective and value-free like the natural sciences. However, others argue this is unrealistic as researchers are inevitably influenced by their own values and motivations. The document also discusses whether truly neutral research is possible given factors like who funds the research and the personal interests of researchers. It concludes by considering perspectives like committed sociology that believe research should not remain neutral and should aim to change society in some way.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document outlines aims for answering short style questions: to answer as many questions as possible to identify weaknesses for last-minute revision, increase confidence, and prepare for an upcoming exam.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Secondary data sources that sociologists use include life documents, photographs, diaries, letters, official publications, previous research, and media sources. However, each of these sources has disadvantages such as potential lack of accessibility over time, presenting biased positive perspectives, being selectively edited, and relying on flawed human memory. Sociologists must be aware of these limitations and potential biases when utilizing secondary data in their research.
More from sociologyexchange.co.uk (20)
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
- 2. What is culture? A whole way of life Language Food Traditions Customs Dress Norms and values
- 3. What about sub culture? A culture that is distinct and different from main stream culture. This could be due to …. Age Gender Sexuality Religion
- 4. How are these identities constructed? Gender Class Religion Ethnicity Class Age
- 5. But….is there another way? Post modernist Sociologists think differently…. They believe that we can choose our construct our identity from a wide range of sources This makes our identity similar to a pick and mix sweet counter ! They think that how we use the media is vey important and that the media can help us to construct our identities.
- 6. Youth Culture…back to the 80’s! A good example of how the media can influence identity is to look at youth sub-culture. In the past the music you listened to influenced the way you dressed and the identity you adopted Identity - the way you see you self and the way that others see you
- 7. Punk
- 8. Mod
- 10. Rock-a-billy
- 11. Casuals
- 12. Goths
- 13. Skinheads
- 14. You and your identity…. How do you construct your identity? How has the media influenced you ? Draw a diagram to show all the influences on your identity.