The document discusses key concepts of social disorganization, its causes, and major social problems, including poverty and unemployment. It provides an overview of influential sociologists like Auguste Comte, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, detailing their contributions, methodologies, and theories on social dynamics and class conflict. The content emphasizes the relationship between economic structures and social issues, along with the evolution of societies through various stages as proposed by these theorists.

1. Sociology
UNIT 9
Social disorganization and major social problems
(factors of social disorganisation)

2. Social disorganization
1. Social disorganization is the process opposed to
social organization.
2. Social organization -“ some fundamental concepts”

3. Characteristic of Social disorganization
1. Conflicts of mores and of institution
2. Transfer of functions from one group to another
3. Individuation
4. Change in the Role and Status of the Individuals

4. Causes of Social disorganization
1. Division of Labour
2. Violation of Social Rules
3. Industrialization
4. Cultural Lag
5. Natural Catastrophes
6. War
7. Maladaptation of Inherited Nature to Culture

5. Major Social Problems
1. Poverty
2. Unemployment
3. Beggary
4. Crime
5. War
6. Other social issues

6. Sociology
UNIT 10
case study
(sociological study of neighbourhood in an urban area)

7. Auguste Compte
1. 1798-1857
2. France
3. At the age of 16th he joined Ecole Polytechnique
Celetrial Physics, Terrestrial Physics (Mechanical or Chemical)
Astronomical, physical, chemical, Physiological
But Social physics to Sciology
Methodology
Observation, Experiment, Comparison, Historical method

8. Auguste Compte
Two kind of major parts
Static and Dynamic
Static Sociology: Study of sociology consists in the
investigation of the laws of action and reaction of the
different parts of social systems.
Dynamic Sociology: Study of the continuous movement
of social phenomena through time.

9. Auguste Compte
The law of three Stages
1. Theological or Fictious Stage
Priests and Military
2. The Meta Physical or Abstract stage
Churchman and lawyers
3. The positive or Scientific stage
Industrial administration and scentists

10. Max Weber
1.Born at 1864-1920
2.Germany
3.He studied Law, then he shifted to study of
social sciences.
4.His PhD thesis was on the “History of
Commercial Society in the Middle Ages”
5.In 1896, he became the professor of economics.
6.Social Action
7.Types of Authority

11. Max Weber
Social Action
1.Zweck rational Action
Relation to Goal (Engineering, Army)
2.Wert rational Action
Also rational Action but in-relation to
values
3.Affective Action
Action is emotional
4.Traditional Action
Action is directed by beliefs and customs
which become habituated.

12. Max Weber
Types of Authority
According to Weber Authority relations refer to those
relations of men whereby some men feel that they have a
legitimate right to expect willing obedience from other people
to their command.
1.Rational-Legal Authority
Based on laws, rules and regulations
2.Traditional Authority
Based on domination of past customs and traditions
3.Charismatic Authority
Based on extra-ordinary devotion to sacred quality or
exemplary character of a person

13. Karl Marx
1.Born at 1818-1883
2.He studied Law, then he shifted to study of
philosophy.
3.At the age of 23 he received doctorate degree.
4.Dialectical materialism
5.Economic infrastructure and socio-economic
superstructure.
6.Theory of class and class conflict.

14. Dialectical materialism
1. All the phenomena of nature are part of an
integrated whole;
2. Nature is in a continuous stage of movement
and change;
3. The developmental process is a product of
quantitative advances which culminate in
abrupt qualitative changes;
4. Contradictions are inherent in all realm of
nature – particularly human society.
Karl Marx

15. Karl Marx
Economic infrastructure
and
socio-economic superstructure.

16. Theory of class and class conflict
1. Conflict over the distribution of economic rewards
between the classes;
2. Easy communication between the individuals in the same
class positions so that ideas and action programmes are
readily disseminated;
3. Growth of class consciousness in the sense that the
members of the class have a feeling of solidity and
understanding of their historical role.
4. Profound dissatisfaction of the lower class over its inability
to control the economic structure of which it feels itself to
be the exploited victims;
5. Establishment of a political organization resulting from the
economic structure the historical situation and maturation
of the class consciousness.

17. The Main aspects of Marx’s Theory of Class Conflict
1. The development of the proletariat
2. The impotence of property
3. The identification of economic and political power and
authority
4. Polarization of classes
5. The theory of surplus value
6. Pauperization
7. Alienation
8. Class solidarity and antagonism
9. Revolution
10. The dictatorship of the proletariat
11. Inauguration of the communist society