Social mobility refers to movement between social classes or statuses. There are five types of mobility: territorial mobility involving relocation; vertical mobility involving upward or downward movement in rank; horizontal mobility involving a change in profession without rank change; inter-generational mobility between generations; and intra-generational mobility involving status changes within a generation. Causes of social mobility include dissatisfaction with one's current condition, adoption of new conditions, industrialization, education, urbanization, and improved transportation and communication.

1. SOCIOLOGY
BY: RIDA IQBAL

2. TOPIC:
SOCIAL MOBILITY

3. Definition:
 Social mobility is the act of moving from one social
class to another.
OR
 Social mobility is moving of an individual or group of
people from one status to another.

4. TYPES OF MOBILITY
There are five types of mobility.
1- Territorial mobility
2- Vertical mobility
3- Horizontal mobility
4- Inter-Generational mobility
5- Intra-Generational mobility

5. TERRITORIAL MOBILITY
“It is the changing of residence from one place to
another”.
E.g :
 moving from rural to urban area.
 urban to urban due different reasons.
 in Karachi, 70-80 thousand people enter the city
annually.

6. VERTICAL MOBILITY
“Any upward or downward change in absolute or relation
rank of any individual or group”.
Types:
1- Upward mobility
2- Downward mobility

7. HORIZONTAL MOBILITY
“An alternation of profession with no significant
movement in terms of upward or download”.

8. INTER-GENERATIONAL MOBILITY
“social mobility between generation”.
INTRA-GENERATIONAL MOBILITY
“change in the social status of one or group of
individual”.

9. CAUSES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY
 Dissatisfaction from Previous Condition
 Adoption of new Conditions
 Industrial and Technological Development
 Education
 Urbanization
 Means of Communication and Transportation