The document discusses the relationship between human persons and society. It states that persons exist to relate to others as social beings and experience relationships that shape their identity. Society is defined as an organized group of people who interact frequently and share a common culture and territory. The document also discusses social contract theory, which proposes that people consent to being governed in exchange for order and cooperation. It notes forms of societies ranging from hunting/gathering to modern post-industrial societies driven by technology and knowledge.
society and its types nd chracterstics.pptxPoojaSen20
The word society is most fundamental to sociology. It is derived from the latin word “SOCIOUS” meaning “Companion ship or fellowship "or friendship.
According to Aristotle – Man is a social animal and cannot live alone. He needs society for every thing in life ,from survival to work and enjoyment Society is the group of people living in a particular region and having shared customs ,laws and organization”.
“A society may be defined as a network of interconnected major groups viewed as a unit and sharing a common culture” .
Society is a group of individuals that have comman features in many aspects. Three importants elements in society, namely: individuals, interaction and rules (culture).
society and its types nd chracterstics.pptxPoojaSen20
The word society is most fundamental to sociology. It is derived from the latin word “SOCIOUS” meaning “Companion ship or fellowship "or friendship.
According to Aristotle – Man is a social animal and cannot live alone. He needs society for every thing in life ,from survival to work and enjoyment Society is the group of people living in a particular region and having shared customs ,laws and organization”.
“A society may be defined as a network of interconnected major groups viewed as a unit and sharing a common culture” .
Society is a group of individuals that have comman features in many aspects. Three importants elements in society, namely: individuals, interaction and rules (culture).
Concept of community "What is community" Concept about itProfessor5G
The word "community" is derived from Latin and has been used in the English language since the 14th century. The word community is derived from the Latin communitas (meaning the same), which is in turn derived from communis, which means "common, public, shared by all or many" (encyclopedia).
A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) who have something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms.It is a social group sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Human beings, like many other species, are essentially social beings, and naturally form communities which often develop into more structured societies.
1The EconomyAn economy is a system of production, dist.docxeugeniadean34240
1
The Economy
An economy is a system of production, distribution and consumption of resources. It
includes subsistence practices, labor practices, notions of property, and systems of exchange.
Economics is the study of such systems. Modern economists tend to focus on modern
nations and capitalist systems, while anthropologists has broadened understanding of economic
systems by gathering data on nonindustrial systems. Economic anthropology studies economic
systems in a comparative perspective and it questions many of the notions that academic
economists take for granted, such as the universality of the profit motive and the universality of
private property.
Societies within each of the adaptive strategies that we discussed last time tend to have
similar modes of production, so some anthropologists talk about a foraging mode of production,
a horticultural mode of production, etc. The modes of subsistence that we discussed in the last
lecture are the ways in which people adapt to their environments in a very direct way. Feeding
yourself and your family is a big concern. Subsistence production, however, is only part of the
overall system by which people obtain the things they need.
Economizing and Maximization
Economic anthropologists have been concerned with two main principles:
1. How are production, distribution and consumption organized in different societies? This
question focuses on systems of human behavior and their organization.
2
2. What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume?
Here the focus is not on systems of behavior but on the motives of the individuals who
participate in those systems.
Let’s consider question number one first. Production, distribution, and consumption.
Modes of Production
The societies representing each of the adaptive strategies we discussed tend to have
similar ways of producing the things they need.
A mode of production is a way of organizing production – “a set of social relations
through which labor is deployed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools, skills,
organization, and knowledge (Eric Wolf)
In the capitalist mode of production money buys labor and there is a social gap between
those who buy labor and those who sell it. By contrast in nonindustrial societies labor is not
usually bought, but is given as a social obligation. In such societies, economics and social
relationships are the same. As Karl Polanyi said, in nonindustrial societies, the economy is
“embedded” in social relationships.
Means of Production
In nonindustrial society there is a more intimate relationship between the worker and the
means of production that there is in industrial nations. Means of production include land, labor,
and technology.
3
Land
Among foragers, ties between people and the land are less permanent than they are among
food producers. Although many bands have territories, the boundaries are not usually marked.
Society is a system of interrelationships that connects individuals.
Sociocultural evolution has resulted in different forms of societies.
According to Hobbes and Locke, society is a “social contract” freely entered into by independent and fully informed people.
Through socialization, the individual develops an awareness of social norms and values and achieves a distinct sense of self.
Classical philosophers such as Confucius, Plato and Aristotle have different views about the nature of society and the role of the person in society.
These are the Slides for MA (Final year) Students of the Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar.
Course Title: Social Institutions and Social System of Pakistani Society
Dr. Imran Ahmad Sajid
Concept of community "What is community" Concept about itProfessor5G
The word "community" is derived from Latin and has been used in the English language since the 14th century. The word community is derived from the Latin communitas (meaning the same), which is in turn derived from communis, which means "common, public, shared by all or many" (encyclopedia).
A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) who have something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms.It is a social group sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Human beings, like many other species, are essentially social beings, and naturally form communities which often develop into more structured societies.
1The EconomyAn economy is a system of production, dist.docxeugeniadean34240
1
The Economy
An economy is a system of production, distribution and consumption of resources. It
includes subsistence practices, labor practices, notions of property, and systems of exchange.
Economics is the study of such systems. Modern economists tend to focus on modern
nations and capitalist systems, while anthropologists has broadened understanding of economic
systems by gathering data on nonindustrial systems. Economic anthropology studies economic
systems in a comparative perspective and it questions many of the notions that academic
economists take for granted, such as the universality of the profit motive and the universality of
private property.
Societies within each of the adaptive strategies that we discussed last time tend to have
similar modes of production, so some anthropologists talk about a foraging mode of production,
a horticultural mode of production, etc. The modes of subsistence that we discussed in the last
lecture are the ways in which people adapt to their environments in a very direct way. Feeding
yourself and your family is a big concern. Subsistence production, however, is only part of the
overall system by which people obtain the things they need.
Economizing and Maximization
Economic anthropologists have been concerned with two main principles:
1. How are production, distribution and consumption organized in different societies? This
question focuses on systems of human behavior and their organization.
2
2. What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume?
Here the focus is not on systems of behavior but on the motives of the individuals who
participate in those systems.
Let’s consider question number one first. Production, distribution, and consumption.
Modes of Production
The societies representing each of the adaptive strategies we discussed tend to have
similar ways of producing the things they need.
A mode of production is a way of organizing production – “a set of social relations
through which labor is deployed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools, skills,
organization, and knowledge (Eric Wolf)
In the capitalist mode of production money buys labor and there is a social gap between
those who buy labor and those who sell it. By contrast in nonindustrial societies labor is not
usually bought, but is given as a social obligation. In such societies, economics and social
relationships are the same. As Karl Polanyi said, in nonindustrial societies, the economy is
“embedded” in social relationships.
Means of Production
In nonindustrial society there is a more intimate relationship between the worker and the
means of production that there is in industrial nations. Means of production include land, labor,
and technology.
3
Land
Among foragers, ties between people and the land are less permanent than they are among
food producers. Although many bands have territories, the boundaries are not usually marked.
Society is a system of interrelationships that connects individuals.
Sociocultural evolution has resulted in different forms of societies.
According to Hobbes and Locke, society is a “social contract” freely entered into by independent and fully informed people.
Through socialization, the individual develops an awareness of social norms and values and achieves a distinct sense of self.
Classical philosophers such as Confucius, Plato and Aristotle have different views about the nature of society and the role of the person in society.
These are the Slides for MA (Final year) Students of the Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar.
Course Title: Social Institutions and Social System of Pakistani Society
Dr. Imran Ahmad Sajid
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
3. Exists to relate others
By nature is a social being
A person experiences variety of relationships
(shape him as a person)
Expand horizons
Establish friendships
Deal with other figures of authority
4. SOCIETY
Organized group of people whose members
interact frequently and have common territory
and culture
Companionship or friendly association with
others
Alliance, union, community
Humans influence society through actions
Provides opportunities to further growth in
coming years
5. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
persons are governed by their
desires often lead to conflict
-“social contract” (agreement)
persons are more cooperative and
reasonable knows as “consent of the governed”
-people are one who
organized society and established an authority
“general will”—empowered gov’t to act in their
behalf.
6. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
humans having “a veil of ignorance”
–to seek a just and a fair society
people’s “self interest”
actions of individual in meeting their individual
needs
--share one common feature “enter into kind of
agreement”
-society one is not compromised for the sake of
other—ensures development of the individual
7. COMMON GOOD
desire to achieve the goal of survival
united and work together because of the natural
desire for goodness
refers to social conditions which enables persons &
groups to fulfill their goals and achieve well-being
Peace and order
Clean and safe public spaces
Efficient transport system
Efficient public services
8. FORMS OF SOCIETIES
1. Hunting & Gathering– earliest & simplest,
nomadic, members treated equally (consensus)
2. Pastoral Society– domestication of animals for
more stable food and supply, trade with other
societies, engage in handicrafts
3. Horticultural Society-small scale cultivation &
domestication, semi-nomadic, tasks assigned
accrdg. to gender, often very family and clan
oriented (restrictions by tradition)
9. FORMS OF SOCIETIES
4.Agrarian or agricultural society – improved
technology & use of tools to aid in farming,
structured social system often lead to conflict
5.Feudal Society– ownership of the land, vassal
(loyal to his lord)—served by peasants(workers),
“higher classes”- treated with respects
6.Industrial Society- specialized machineries,
innovations, transportations & communication ,
capitalists( most influential)
10. FORMS OF SOCIETIES
6.Post-Indusctrial society – based on knowledge,
information and sale services led by human mind
aided by highly technology, members are having
higher educational attainment
7.Virtual Society– aided with technology &
internet
--human person still remains in the heart of the
society as he or she drives social changes
