The document discusses the various governmental policies and social legislation aimed at improving the rights and welfare of women and children in India, highlighting significant acts such as the Hindu Succession Act and the Maternity Benefits Act. It also addresses educational initiatives, vocational training programs for women, and children’s welfare schemes like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). Furthermore, it reveals the challenges faced by women and children, including lack of education, malnutrition, and insufficient accommodation for working women.

1. SOCIAL PRO B L EMS
Unit–XII
Sociologyof Nursing

2. RIGHTS O F WOMEN

3. RIGHTS O F WOMEN
The Department of Women and Child Development
created in 1985 and implements the policies and
programmes relating to women and child welfare.
Social legislation
 Compareto other religion Hindu women suffered from
many legal disabilities.
 Afterthe New Constitution of India in 1950. Women’s
position was changed that is
Equal of rights to women with men.
Rights to vote and get elected.
 Panchayati Raj bodies seats are reserved.
 72nd
and 73rd Amendment Bills dealing have provided
30% reservation seats for women.

4. Social legislation Acts
 The Hindu Succession Act 1956
 The Hindu Guardianship Act 1956
 The Child Marriage Restraint Amendment Act 1978
 The Dowry Prohibition Act 1961
 Maternity Benefits Act 1961
 The Factories Amendment Act 1976
 The equal Remuneration Act 1976
These social legislation acts have
removal the several disabilities for
women

5. Education Programme
 Lack of education has been a great hindrance to
women’s progress.
 The Central Government gives financial
assistance to the educationally backward states
for establishing schools and colleges exclusively
for girls.
 Loans and grants are given for construction of
women hostel buildings.
 The SC/ST girls receive higher rates of post-
matric scholarship as compared to boys.

6.  Adult education centres providing education
for women especially Health, Nutrition, Child
Care and Family Planning.
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The curriculum also includes skills like
teaching, stitching, embroidery and knitting
etc..
The Ministry of Welfare has launched
Functionally Literacy Programmes for Adult
women.
The Central Social Welfare Board gives
grants to Voluntary Organizations for women
education.

7. Employment and Income Generating
Programmes
 The Government is giving greater attention to the
training of women in vocational courses.
 More women polytechnics are being opened where girls
are provided training in Instrumental technology for
repair and maintenance of electronic equipment,
manufacturing of ready-made garments, handloom
weaving, food preservation, typing and stenography etc..
 The various trades in which training is imported are
electronics, watch assembly and repair, computers
programming printing and binding, handloom weaving,
handicrafts, weaving and spinning, toy-making etc.

8.  These programmes is implemented through Public
Sector Undertaking / Corporations / Autonomous
Bodies/ Voluntary organizations.
 The rehabilitation of women in distress, a scheme was
launched in 1977 to provide vocational training-cum-
employment and residential care so that women in
distress such as Young and Old Widows, Unmarried
Mothers, Victims of Kidnapping, Deserted Women could
become economically independent.
 Women’s employment in various sectors such as
agriculture, dairying, handloom and handcrafts where
women are preponderantly engaged in work, was
formulized at the beginning of the seventh Five Year
Plan (1985-1990).

9. Hostels for Working Women
 One of the main difficulties faced by working
women is lack of suitable accommodation in a
healthy and wholesome environment.
 A Central Scheme of Assistance for Constructing
of Hostel Buildings for working women was
started in 1972. The scope of the scheme was
widened in 1980 by including a provision for Day-
Care Centres for the children.
 Financial assistance to the extent of 50% of the
cost of land and 75% of the cost of construction of
the Hostels is given to Voluntary Organizations.

10.  An Advisory Committee on working women’s
hostel has been set up under the chairmanship of
the Minister of State for Women and Child
Development to review the functioning of the
programme and advise the Government on the
measure for its improvement and expansion.
 The Department also gives financial assistance
to Voluntary organization for establishing and
running short stay homes to protect and
rehabilitate those women’s.
 Under the scheme social facilities of adjustment,
education, vocational and recreational activities
are provided.

11. Appointment of Commissions and Committees
The Government of India in order to study the problems of
women and invite suggestions and recommendations for
their solution.
 For Women’s welfare has been appointing various
committees and commissions from time to time and
accepting their recommendations to the extent possible.
 National Committee on the Status of Women (1974)
 National Expert Committee on Women Prisoners (1986)
 National Committee on Women (1980)
 National Commission on Self-employed Women and
Women in the informal Sector (1987)

12. C H IL DRE N

13. CHI L DRE N
 Children constitute about 40% of India’s
population.
 Nearly 40% suffer form malnutrition, about one
lakhs succumbing to it every month.
 India’s infant mortality rate of 120 per 1000.
 For every seven children born, one dies before the
age of 5.
 Over 30,000 children go blind every years.
 Nine out of every 1000 schools going children
suffer from rheumatic heart disease because of
nutritional anemia.
 The 100 of children are kidnapped every year and
many of them are sold for forced into beggary.

14. Constitutional Provisions
 The national concern for children is reflected in the
constitutional and legislative provisions which
govern the rights of children.
 Article 25 lays down that no child below the age of 14
shall be employed to work in any factory or mine
hazardous nature.
 Article 39 requires the States to ensure that children
are not forced by economic necessity to enter
vocations unsuited to their age and strength.
 Article 45 requires the State to endeavour to provide
free and compulsory education for all children upto
the age of 14 years.

15.  The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956.
 Women’s and Children’s Institutions (Licensing)
Act 1960.
 State Children Act
 Factories Act of 1948.
 Plantation Labour Act of 1951
 The Mines Act of 1952.
 Juvenile Justice Act 1986.

16. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
scheme was introduces on October 2, 1975. main
objectives…
 To improve the nutrition and health status of
children in the age group of 0-6 years.
 To lay the foundations for proper psychological.
 Physical and social development of the child.
 To reduce the incidence of mortality.
 Morbidity.
 Malnutrition and school drop outs.
 To achieve effective coordination of policy and
implementation among the various departments to
promote child development.

17.  The scheme covers children below the age of six years.
 It aims at the delivery of package of services such as.
 Supplementary nutrition
Immunization
 Health check-up
Referral services
Non-formal (pre-school) education and health
Nutrition education to all women.
The focus point to provide an anganwadi in every
village, or a ward of an urban slum area.

18. Other programmes
The Welfare Department of Child Welfare are:
 Day Care Centre for children of working and ailing
women
 Early childhood education centre
 Ananad pattern Integrated Family Welfare Programme
 National Award for Child Welfare
 Celebration of Children’s Day
 Mid Day Meal Scheme for School-going Children
 Public awareness programme through mass media
agencies like radio, television, children’s films.

19. And also interduce
 Children’s park
 Painting competitions
 Cultural programmes
 Children’s publications
 Children’s libraries
 Bal Bhawans
 Doll’s Museum
 Children’s film Society
 Children’s Book Trust
 Children’s fair etc.

20. Thank you