An investigation of 276 people in Switzerland and Germany found low penetration rates of the professional networking sites LinkedIn and XING. Only 14.1% of the sample was found on LinkedIn, and 15.2% was found on XING. The penetration rate was highest (over 30%) for internet-savvy mid-level technical managers on XING. However, for most managers on the first and second levels of companies, the normal rate of presence on these sites was under 20%. As a result, email remains the primary means of ensuring communication with most managers.