The is a brief presentation on the central tenets of Bikjer and Pinch's theory on significant factors at play in forming, developing, adopting, and establishing sociotechnical objects.
This lecture looks at Determinism and Technological Determinism. This lecture is part of the Media and Cultural Theories module on the MSc and MA in Creative Technology and Creative Games at The University of Salford.
This lecture looks at Determinism and Technological Determinism. This lecture is part of the Media and Cultural Theories module on the MSc and MA in Creative Technology and Creative Games at The University of Salford.
An introductory lecture in ideological analysis of media, covering works of Marx, Gramsci, Adorno & Horkheimer, Hall, given to BA-1 students at the Erasmus University Rotterdam
An introductory lecture in ideological analysis of media, covering works of Marx, Gramsci, Adorno & Horkheimer, Hall, given to BA-1 students at the Erasmus University Rotterdam
Media technology and the transformation of the public sphere: a media / socia...Marcus Leaning
Academic conference paper that looks at how technology has been understood to bring about a rebirth of the public sphere and the problems of such an approach. Paper offers a case study of an anonymous NGO who adopt a more grass-roots approach to civic regeneration that uses media technology. Recommendations for future work are approaches should be holistic, recognizing the need to take on all stages of technology dissemination and not just the cheap technological bits and that approaches should be socially led.
Social Innovation Applications And The Case Of UCCI (Uşak Chamber Of Commerce...inventionjournals
The importance of social innovation notion which has to consider social benefits in all innovative process and harmonize social entrepreneurship and innovation, rises day by day. Many of the businesses as they do not know the meaning of social innovation, they do not consider their operations as the part of social innovation. In this regard, based on the importance of social innovation the aim of this research is to determine if there is social entrepreneurship and social innovation applications and reveal what kind of social innovation work or activity is carried out in UCCI (Uşak Chamber of Commerce and Industry). In this study, case study method that is one of the qualitative research methods is used for exploratory research to analyze activities of UCCI within social innovation perspective. In the scope of research, UCCI has been examined under 7 categories according to the topics examined in Stanford Social Innovation Review Magazine 10th anniversary special edition (economic development, new products and services, supporting equality, health, employment, environment and poverty) which are said to be the subjects of nowadays’ social innovation works. As a result of this research, it is revealed that the practices of UCCI’s, which is in different categories, actually can be considered as social innovations. The fact that social innovation is quite a new concept, in this study necessity of supporting related projects for increasing social innovation practices is emphasized. Beside this, the importance on dissemination of social entrepreneurship is indicated in order to let social innovation to take place completely in businesses
This paper has been invited to be published by the Springer LNBIP series/2014 and so, it is an improved version from those version accepted for presentation at the Fifth Pre-ICIS workshop on ES Research, St Louis/USA 2010 (*). The paper considers some challenges and reflections concerned with Information and Knowledge/Wise Societies and Sociotechnical Systems. After a brief and innovative panorama on the information and knowledge/wise societies and sociotechnical system we present the core of this work: challenges and reflections related with our society and systems. For some of these challenges and reflections has been proposed answers such as: treatment of the organization as a living being → synergism & collaborative ecosystem research efforts; a unfair shared leadership, information partnership and a collaborative relationship in the age of knowledge and, a new way of development, which comprises the social, economical, cultural and environmental spheres leading us to a new model of perception and knowledge of the world & present financial crisis; …Our world is fundamentally a sociotechnical world, which is characterized by Human and technological interactions; Human organizations are living systems and should be analyzed accordingly; Their interactions drastically affect people relationships in space and time. If we consider that the core knowledge is embodied in people’s heads (tacit knowledge), and their abilities to utilize them generate new knowledge, we cannot speak about knowledge/wise society without taking into account these interactions. Since the Internet brings together the computer, media, and the distributed intelligence of the family and the community, constituting a new basis for the effectiveness of socio-technical organizations then, in this way, beyond the economic, organizational, cultural, and technological dimensions, the specific sociotechnical context characterizes every knowledge/wise society initiatives: synergism and ubiquitously driven by the Internet! However, management opposition persists, because sociotechnical system by nature enables collaborative decision-making and shared leadership. Management has been reluctant to give up the power and authority they have worked so hard to establish. Sociotechnical system challenges the traditional management taboos that of sharing information and knowledge with subordinates on a need to know basis only. The central corner stone of a technocratic bureaucracy is ...
This paper has been invited to be published by the Springer LNBIP series/2014 and so, it is an improved version from those version accepted for presentation at the Fifth Pre-ICIS workshop on ES Research, St Louis/USA 2010 (*). The paper considers some challenges and reflections concerned with Information and Knowledge/Wise Societies and Sociotechnical Systems. After a brief and innovative panorama on the information and knowledge/wise societies and sociotechnical system we present the core of this work: challenges and reflections related with our society and systems. For some of these challenges and reflections has been proposed answers such as: treatment of the organization as a living being → synergism & collaborative ecosystem research efforts; a unfair shared leadership, information partnership and a collaborative relationship in the age of knowledge and, a new way of development, which comprises the social, economical, cultural and environmental spheres leading us to a new model of perception and knowledge of the world & present financial crisis; …Our world is fundamentally a sociotechnical world, which is characterized by Human and technological interactions; Human organizations are living systems and should be analyzed accordingly; Their interactions drastically affect people relationships in space and time. If we consider that the core knowledge is embodied in people’s heads (tacit knowledge), and their abilities to utilize them generate new knowledge, we cannot speak about knowledge/wise society without taking into account these interactions. Since the Internet brings together the computer, media, and the distributed intelligence of the family and the community, constituting a new basis for the effectiveness of socio-technical organizations then, in this way, beyond the economic, organizational, cultural, and technological dimensions, the specific sociotechnical context characterizes every knowledge/wise society initiatives: synergism and ubiquitously driven by the Internet! However, management opposition persists, because sociotechnical system by nature enables collaborative decision-making and shared leadership. Management has been reluctant to give up the power and authority they have worked so hard to establish. Sociotechnical system challenges the traditional management taboos that of sharing information and knowledge with subordinates on a need to know basis only. The central corner stone of a technocratic bureaucracy is ...
The Florida Memory Project furnishes online access to evidentiary documents relating to the history and culture of Florida. At the time of this overview of the usability of the website, it was undergoing redesign and reconfiguration. As an exercise in tracking the obstacles to users, a surface examination of the site and general usability tests were performed. The problems identified with the site corresponded to those already identified in the literature and brought home the fact that documents presented online require assessment of user interests and information behavior.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
4. The Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)
has grown out of the tenets of social
constructivism and the sociology of scientific
knowledge.
SCOT views the development of technology as
an interactive process or discourse among
technologists or engineers and relevant (or
interested) social groups.
SCOT may be defined as an interactive
sociotechnical process that shapes all forms of
technology.
6. Technologies or innovations – like the
wheel, the printing press, the bicycle, the
assembly line, computers – all shape and
organize the world and our lives.
Individuals – you and me – decide what
technologies or parts of a technology are
useful, profitable, or comfortable –
meaningful.
Groups – assemblies of individuals – form,
each characterized by particular variables,
each group holding a stake in a technology.
7. These relevant groups or ―stakeholders‖ include
scientists, technologists, economists, politicians,
entrepreneurs, you, and me.
Each stakeholder characterizes innovations
with variant problems and solutions – they
interpret the innovation differently.
One innovation may be a solution – but, also have
a bug. If the ―bug‖ or problem isn’t resolved, the
innovation will fail – relevant social groups – or
stakeholders will not buy in.
In resolving the problems – accepted more or
less by significant groups -- the social has
shaped the technical. Hence, sociotechnical.
9. The Social Construction of Technology
(SCOT) was introduced in 1984 by Bijker
and Pinch.
Their paper – ―The Social Construction of
Facts and Artefacts or How the Sociology of
Science and the Sociology of Technology
might Benefit Each Other‖ introduced the
theory and set forth an argument to support
it.
The paper identified mechanisms by which
the social and the technical interact.
10. The sociology of science and the sociology
of technology had been approached
separately.
The sociology of science has recently
applied the theory of social constructivism to
explain its trajectory.
Social Constructivism holds that knowledge
is a social construction – (not an ultimate
truth). As such knowledge/science can be
interpreted in different ways.
11. Bijker and Pinch relate this perspective to the
progress of technology.
Technologies work or fail because of a range
of heterogeneous interpretations and variables
– constraining or driving factors.
Social Constructivism and technology holds
that people attach meanings or
interpretations to artifacts.
People/social groups direct technological
development through their
interpretation/meanings – perhaps to fruition;
perhaps to defeat.
13. The idea that the social shapes science was a new
idea.
Science is not directed independently, by an internal
logic or ―Determinism.‖
There is nothing epistemologically special about the
path or nature of science.
…in other words, this is a relativist position – not a
positivist or objectivist position.
Science progresses due to social forces – this
includes all social pressures – economic, political,
psychological – influences.
Social entities attach meanings to specific scientific
endeavors, innovations, or related variables – if
these meanings are accepted by relevant social
groups – science progresses.
14. The trajectory of technology, like science,
does not depend on its independent,
exogenous nature.
Technology is socially constructed – its
progress or movement depends on many
social factors and relevant social groups.
16. Studies in the sociology of technology are
problematic because most studies have
been conducted on successful innovations—
few studies done on the failures.
These studies of innovation suggest that
there is an implicit assumption that an
innovation succeeded as if a magic wand
―made it so.‖
The sociological variables that played into a
success are not sufficiently analyzed.
17. Bijker and Pinch use the example of the plastic
Bakelite to illustrate their idea of social forces at
work in shaping technology.
Bakelike: an early plastic, started out as an
artificial substitute for varnish.
It was not a market success.
Accidental dumping of materials that make up
Bakelite, proved that the material could be molded
into plastics.
The innovation was redirected for use as plastic
and all of its applications.
The scientist who developed Bakelite did not
envision its use as a plastic and the many ways
plastic is used.
19. Bijker and Pinch (1984) state that
technology, like science, is socially
constructed – its trajectory depends on many
social factors and relevant social groups.
20. An implicit assumption
Social, political, economic and all other
―societal‖ pressures are established (not
forming) while shaping a technological
innovation (Callon& Law, 1987).
Callon& Law also question how the
boundaries between social elements –
economics, political, etcetera, are determined
and defined.
Callon& Law (Actor Network Theory) view
technology and social movement as working in
tandem – one effecting change in the other until
stabilization ( or failure) occurs.
22. Relevant Social Groups
Who are the most influential social groups that
could be interested in an innovation?
Researchers
Housewives
Children
Business
Film makers
Government
Utility Companies
23. Interpretive Flexibility
How to the relevant social groups ascribe
meaning to an innovation.
What does an innovation mean to:
A businessman
A housewife
A researcher
A researcher
24. Controversies
Has another innovation similar to the one just
diffused.
Among the relevant social groups – who has the most
power – influence.
Variables such as economic factors, political factors,
business advantages come to the fore.
Vehement debates take place among the relevant social
groups – the group that have the most to gain – or lose.
Proposed strategies for resolving a controversy may
involve:
Redesigning to meet specs. Of stakeholders.
Strong marketing campaigns – some more truthful than others
25.
26. Goals
Current Theories
Problem Solving Strategies – how does an
innovator or business market their
technology most effectively.
Educational Use
Safety
Convenience
27. • Stabilization
• One social group overcomes another – the
innovation of this group has been ―socially
constructed‖ through socially relevant groups,
controversy, and technical framework.
29. Does not describe how people ―assemble.‖
Does not account for some revolutionary
discoveries – Copernicus.
30. Silvia’s One to One Computing – Does
school acculturation proceed through similar
interplay.
How is technology decided in a school?
At what point in smart phone development
did Apple’s iPhone capture the market.
Groups are characterized by core values – political, economic, psychological.
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).an early plastic, started out as an artificial substitute for varnish. It was not a market success. Due to an accidental dumping of materials that make up Bakelite, it was clear that this substance could be a cheap, artificial substitute for resin – an expensive organic substance
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).
The significant and fundamental idea that social constructivism brings to the sociology of science is that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of science. of science – science is no more or less than all other knowledge cultures or knowledge disciplines.This can be questioned with some revolutionary scientific discoveries such as Copernicus’ heliocentric theory – a theory that was not accepted by the church – the post powerful political power of the age (15th century).