The document discusses concepts related to aerosol characterization and monitoring efforts. It describes the goal of the Regional Haze Rule to attain natural conditions by 2064 and establish baselines from 2000-2004. It also discusses satellite applications for monitoring smoke and particulate matter to help regulatory and public needs. The FASTNET and DataFed projects pursue recommendations from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy to provide enhanced real-time data and integrate multiple data sources and models to better characterize non-industrial aerosol events.

1. Concepts on Aerosol Characterization R.B. Husar Washington University in St. Louis Presented at EPA – OAQPS Seminar Research Triangle Park, NC, April 4, 2005

2. Regional Haze Rule: Natural Aerosol The goal is to attain natural conditions by 2064; The baseline is established during 2000-2004 The first SIP & Natural Condition estimate in 2008; SIP & Natural Condition Revisions every 10 yrs Natural haze is due to natural windblown dust, biomass smoke and other natural processes Man-made haze is due industrial activities AND man-perturbed smoke and dust emissions A fraction of the man-perturbed smoke and dust is assigned to natural by policy decisions

3. NAAMS: National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy and NCore Applications

4. Satellite applications to Smoke/PM management Satellite applications to Smoke/PM management Observation-based smoke emissions : input to dynamic and receptor models Real-time event analysis /forecasting for regulatory and public needs PM exceptional event waivers for NAAQS; PM climatology for NAAQS; spatial analysis; complement NAAMS/Ncore Policy and SIP development : NAAQS, Regional Haze rule; Treaties Decision Support Systems Standards Based Products Platforms, Sensors Data Distribution Handling Tasking Distribution Processing Exploitation NASA ESE Information Cycle Air Quality Assessment Compare to Goals Plan Reductions Track Progress Controls (Actions) Monitoring (Sensing) Set Goals CAAA NAAQS AQ Management Loop

5. FASTNET and DataFed pursues several NAAMS recommendations: Insightful Measurements Enhanced real-time data delivery to public Increase capacity for hazardous air pollutant measurements Increase in continuous PM measurements Support for research grade/technology transfer sites Auxiliary [non-EPA] data support Multiple pollutant monitoring Integration of sources, processes, effects Incorporate technological advances Information transfer technologies Continuous PM monitors High sensitivity instruments Model-monitor integration

6. FASTNET Fast Aerosol Sensing Tools for Natural Event Tracking DataFed Data Federation FASTNET is an open communal facility to study non-industrial (e.g. dust and smoke) aerosol events , including detection, tracking and impact on PM and haze. FASTNET output will be directly applicable, to public health protection, Regional Haze rule, SIP and model development as well as toward stimulating the scientific community. The main asset of FASTNET is the community of data analysts, modelers, managers and others participating in the production of actionable knowledge from observations, models and human reasoning The FASTNET community will be supported by a networking infrastructure based on open Internet standards (web services) and a set of web-tools evolving under the federated data system, DataFed . DataFed itself is under the umbrella of the interagency Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) which includes NASA, NOAA and EPA (soon)

7. Scientific Challenge: Description of smoke Gaseous concentration: g ( X, Y, Z, T ) Aerosol concentration: a ( X, Y, Z, T , D, C, F, M ) The ‘aerosol dimensions’ size D, composition C, shape F, and mixing M determine the impact on health, and welfare. Particulate matter, incl. smoke is complex because of its multi-dimensionality It takes at leas 8 independent dimensions to describe the PM concentration pattern Dimension Abbr. Data Sources Spatial dimensions X, Y Satellites, dense networks Height Z Lidar, soundings Time T Continuous monitoring Particle size D Size-segregated sampling Particle Composition C Speciated analysis Particle Shape/Form F Microscopy Ext/Internal Mixture M Microscopy

8. Technical Challenge: Characterization PM characterization requires many different instruments and analysis tools. Each sensor/network covers only a fraction of the 8-D PM data space . Most of the 8D PM pattern is extrapolated from sparse measured data. Satellites, integrate over height H, size D, composition C, shape, and mixture dimensions; these data need de-convolution of the integral measures. Satellite-Integral

9. Temporal Scales of Aerosol Events A goal of the FASTNET project is to detect and document natural aerosol events in the context of the overall PM pattern Inherently, aerosol events are spikes in the time series of monitoring but the definition and documentation of events has been highly subjective Temporal variation occurs at many scales from micro scale (minutes) to secular scale (decades) At each scale the variation is dominated different combination of the key processes: emission, transport, transformations and removal Natural aerosol events occur mostly at synoptic scale of 3-5 days

10. Status: CATT & FASTNET have been Eaten by DataFed.Net