This document discusses several common hip injuries including bursitis, snapping hip, and dislocations. Hip bursitis involves inflammation of the bursa sac located between the hip bone and surrounding soft tissues, causing pain that worsens with activity. Snapping hip produces a clicking sensation due to muscle or tendon movement over the hip bone. Hip dislocations are usually caused by high-force trauma and are classified based on the severity of bone fractures. Treatment for these injuries includes rest, ice, stretching, and sometimes surgery or weeks of rehabilitation.
Sports injuries are injuries that occur when engaging in sports or exercise. Sports injuries can occur due to overtraining, lack of conditioning, and improper form or technique. Failing to warm up increases the risk of sports injuries. Bruises, strains, sprains, tears, and broken bones can result from sports injuries.
Sports injuries are injuries that occur when engaging in sports or exercise. Sports injuries can occur due to overtraining, lack of conditioning, and improper form or technique. Failing to warm up increases the risk of sports injuries. Bruises, strains, sprains, tears, and broken bones can result from sports injuries.
Ligament Injuries - Types, Symptoms and TreatmentHealth Quest
Ligament injuries occur when a ligament is stretched beyond its normal range. Ligaments are tough band of fibrous tissues that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and support, stabilize and strengthen joints. The primary function of ligaments is to keep the bones in proper alignment and prevent abnormal joint movements. Leading pain management centers in Brooklyn, NYC offer effective treatment options for ligament injuries to help patients attain better mobility, balance, and strength.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ligament Injuries - Types, Symptoms and TreatmentHealth Quest
Ligament injuries occur when a ligament is stretched beyond its normal range. Ligaments are tough band of fibrous tissues that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and support, stabilize and strengthen joints. The primary function of ligaments is to keep the bones in proper alignment and prevent abnormal joint movements. Leading pain management centers in Brooklyn, NYC offer effective treatment options for ligament injuries to help patients attain better mobility, balance, and strength.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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2. Hip Bursitis
•A bursa is a small
fluid-filled sac which
is located between a
bone , muscle or
tendon
Bursa prevents
friction between the
bone and overlying
soft tissue.
The most commonly
injured bursa is the
trochanteric
bursa. This can be
injured in one of two
ways:
Direct impact-
traumatic bursitis
Repetitive friction-
inflamed and
swollen
3. Symptoms of Trochanteric Bursitis includes:
Pain on the outside of the hip which is worse during
activities such as running, climbing stairs, or getting
out of a car.
Pain which gradually gets worse.
Pain when you press in on the outside of the hip.
Pain which radiates down the outer thigh.
4. Treating Hip Bursitis
See your athletic trainer.
Rest until there is no pain.
Apply ice to the area.
Run only on flat, even surfaces.
5. Snapping Hip
• Snapping Hip -is a condition that results in a snapping
noise and feeling around the hip joint.
• Often seen in dancers or sports with repetitive motions
Lateral Snapping Hip -is felt at the outside of the hip and
is caused by the muscle fibers rolling across the greater
trochanter (bony protrusion on the upper part of the
femur).
The clicking feeling is usually not painful.
Internal snapping hip-is caused by the Iliopsoas muscle
as it rolls across the hip bone (Iliopectineal eminence).
This form is more likely to produce pain.
6. Symptoms of snapping hip include:
External Snapping- A feeling of snapping or clicking
on the outside of the hip
Internal Snapping- A feeling of snapping or clicking
at the front of the hip
Pain is more likely in internal cases, although
occasionally occur in external cases.
Swelling and point tenderness may occur
7. Treating a
Snapping
Hip
- See your Athletic
Trainer or Orthopedic
Doctor
-Rest
-Ice consistently
•-Stretch the muscles
around the thigh and
hip
•-Get a coach to check
your technique/ form
in your sport
8. Hip Dislocations
Force trauma are the most common causes of hip
dislocations:
Motor Vehicle Accidents
Pedestrian struck by automobile
Football
Rugby
Snowboarding
Water Skiing
Gymnastics
Horse back riding/ Racing
Bull Riding
9. Thompson- Epstein
classification -radiographic
findings.
Steward and Milford
classification- functional hip
stability
Type 1 – With or without
minor fracture
Type 2 – With large, single
fracture of posterior
acetabular rim
Type 3 – With comminution
of rim of acetabulum, with
or without major fragments
Type 4 – With fracture of the
acetabular floor
Type 5 – With fracture of the
femoral head
Type 1 – No fracture or
insignificant fracture
Type 2 – Associated with a
single or comminuted
posterior wall fragment, but
the hip remains stable
through a functional range of
motion
Type 3 – Associated with
gross instability of the hip
joint secondary to loss of
structural support
Type 4 – Associated with
femoral head fracture
Hip Dislocations- classifications
10. Hip Dislocation- Treatment
If the patient has no other complications, the
physician will administer an anesthetic or a sedative
and manipulate the hip joint into it’s proper position.
Sometimes hip dislocations require an operating
room reduction with incision.
Following treatment, the surgeon will request
another set of X-rays and scan to make sure that the
bones are in the proper position.
Weeks of rehabilitation are expected after a hip
dislocation