This document analyzes small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in three African countries: Algeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa. It discusses the importance of SMEs for economic development in Africa and examines common barriers faced such as low education levels, limited access to finance, burdensome administration, and insufficient infrastructure. Solutions explored include support from governments, networks/clusters, and financial institutions. The conclusion notes overall progress in SME development but warns that the global financial crisis could slow further improvements.