The document discusses the future of work in the platform economy. It notes that network externalities will lead to more project-based and task-based job contracts as the job market becomes more fluid. Lower transaction costs from platforms will result in flatter organizational hierarchies and blurred boundaries between organizations. Digital service platforms that integrate into business processes will improve work productivity by taking over certain middle management and administrative tasks.
II Seminario Internacional Sobre “Nuevos Modelos De Trabajo Y Consumo: Economía Colaborativa Y Trabajo En Plataforma”
Seville, Spain. University of Seville. November 8 – 9, 2018
Service Modelling and Representation Techniques - a holistic Enterprise Arch...ServiceWave 2010
Service Modelling and Representation Techniques - a holistic Enterprise Architecture perspective on using and influencing the emerging standards of VDM, USDL and SoaML
Dr. Arne-Jørgen Berre
SINTEF
Networked Systems and Services
Ghent, Dec 13th, 2010
Service Wave 2010 - FIA
New forms of labour intermediation through digital platforms such as Uber, Deliveroo or Amazon Mechanical Turk can be conceptualized as the ultimate stage of a long-lasting process of disaggregation of the firm and “disorganisation of labour law”. In particular, the rise of platform-mediated work can be seen as a salient instantiation of deliberate business strategies aimed at developing outsourcing policies, while retaining intense and pervasive managerial prerogative. The phenomenon is exacerbating several unsolved tensions inherent to the contemporary world of work, let alone the perverse impact that “platformization” is having on precariousness and social inequalities.
In short, new technologies allow to abandon traditional methods of workplace governance and to adopt a stronger version of the “command and control” logic. The lack of direct interaction is replaced by a significant reliance on ICT, workers are monitored more closely and intimately than they ever used to be by means of tech tools, including algorithms, artificial intelligence and customers’ reviews. This leads to the question whether the existing concept of “firm” is appropriate to face this transformational new reality, whether minor or major adaptations may be necessary or whether a total re-invention of the basic assumptions of labour law is needed in order to explain ground-breaking models.
After describing the theoretical antecedents of hierarchical outsourcing, the article explores the literature on the nature of “non-standard forms of firm” by applying the analysis of transaction-costs economics. In an attempt to update the incomplete trichotomy between “hierarchies”, “markets” and “networks”, a complementary model combining pre-existing schemes will be presented. By building on theories unfolding the disarticulation of the formal employing entity and the pulverisation of work-related responsibilities, this paper demystifies the prototypical business model of rampant socio-economic actors. The overarching goal, indeed, is to place recent developments in a broader context.
Paper: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3556922
Besides discussing the key lessons learned from previous studies on platform work, Section 2 briefly illustrates the national trends and initiatives in policy making. At the same time, it presents and discusses the main outcomes of domestic litigation. After introducing the Pillar of Social Rights, Section 3 analyses two important achievements at the EU level, namely the Directive on transparent and predictable working conditions and the Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. In the same vein, Section 4 assesses the elasticity of the triad of EU Directives regulating atypical employment. It is argued that the narrow construction of their personal ambit of application may represent an insurmountable obstacle for platform workers. However, a dynamic and uniform interpretation of the CJEU case law could result in classifying some platform workers as falling under the scope of the social acquis in some socio-legal areas.
Full paper:
Aloisi, Antonio and De Stefano, Valerio, Regulation and the Future of Work: The Employment Relationship as an Innovation Facilitator. International Labour Review, 159, 1, pp. 47-69, 2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3572584
II Seminario Internacional Sobre “Nuevos Modelos De Trabajo Y Consumo: Economía Colaborativa Y Trabajo En Plataforma”
Seville, Spain. University of Seville. November 8 – 9, 2018
Service Modelling and Representation Techniques - a holistic Enterprise Arch...ServiceWave 2010
Service Modelling and Representation Techniques - a holistic Enterprise Architecture perspective on using and influencing the emerging standards of VDM, USDL and SoaML
Dr. Arne-Jørgen Berre
SINTEF
Networked Systems and Services
Ghent, Dec 13th, 2010
Service Wave 2010 - FIA
New forms of labour intermediation through digital platforms such as Uber, Deliveroo or Amazon Mechanical Turk can be conceptualized as the ultimate stage of a long-lasting process of disaggregation of the firm and “disorganisation of labour law”. In particular, the rise of platform-mediated work can be seen as a salient instantiation of deliberate business strategies aimed at developing outsourcing policies, while retaining intense and pervasive managerial prerogative. The phenomenon is exacerbating several unsolved tensions inherent to the contemporary world of work, let alone the perverse impact that “platformization” is having on precariousness and social inequalities.
In short, new technologies allow to abandon traditional methods of workplace governance and to adopt a stronger version of the “command and control” logic. The lack of direct interaction is replaced by a significant reliance on ICT, workers are monitored more closely and intimately than they ever used to be by means of tech tools, including algorithms, artificial intelligence and customers’ reviews. This leads to the question whether the existing concept of “firm” is appropriate to face this transformational new reality, whether minor or major adaptations may be necessary or whether a total re-invention of the basic assumptions of labour law is needed in order to explain ground-breaking models.
After describing the theoretical antecedents of hierarchical outsourcing, the article explores the literature on the nature of “non-standard forms of firm” by applying the analysis of transaction-costs economics. In an attempt to update the incomplete trichotomy between “hierarchies”, “markets” and “networks”, a complementary model combining pre-existing schemes will be presented. By building on theories unfolding the disarticulation of the formal employing entity and the pulverisation of work-related responsibilities, this paper demystifies the prototypical business model of rampant socio-economic actors. The overarching goal, indeed, is to place recent developments in a broader context.
Paper: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3556922
Besides discussing the key lessons learned from previous studies on platform work, Section 2 briefly illustrates the national trends and initiatives in policy making. At the same time, it presents and discusses the main outcomes of domestic litigation. After introducing the Pillar of Social Rights, Section 3 analyses two important achievements at the EU level, namely the Directive on transparent and predictable working conditions and the Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. In the same vein, Section 4 assesses the elasticity of the triad of EU Directives regulating atypical employment. It is argued that the narrow construction of their personal ambit of application may represent an insurmountable obstacle for platform workers. However, a dynamic and uniform interpretation of the CJEU case law could result in classifying some platform workers as falling under the scope of the social acquis in some socio-legal areas.
Full paper:
Aloisi, Antonio and De Stefano, Valerio, Regulation and the Future of Work: The Employment Relationship as an Innovation Facilitator. International Labour Review, 159, 1, pp. 47-69, 2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3572584
This lecture will analyze the increasingly important topic of assessment and evaluation in e-government. Different models, methodologies and approaches will be presented.
Dimitris Sarantis, Researcher, United Nations University, PT
In order for collective bargaining, unions and business and employers’ organisations to continue to be relevant, it may be urgent to adapt or reinvent the way they currently operate.
Industrial Relations in Europe Conference (IREC) 2018 | Leuven 10-12 September 2018
(https://soc.kuleuven.be/ceso/wo/erlm/irec-conference-schedule)
– “Enterprise, employment and unemployment in the digital economy”
International Conference | University of Brescia, 12-13 October 2017
– Labour 2030, Rethinking the Future of Work
International Conference | Porto, 13-14 July 2017
Electronic Open and Collaborative Governance - An Overviewsamossummit
An introduction to the electronic open and collaborative governance for the summer school participants, aiming to provide background knowledge.
Euripidis Loukis, University of the Aegean, Greece
Revenue models of personal data platform operatorsLaura Kemppainen
This presentation was presented in the 24th Nordic Academy of Management Conference in Bodø in the 24th of August 2017. The presentation is based on a conference/working paper and on research done in Tekes funded Digital Health Revolution project in Finland.
Be On Time with Digital Transformation: build platforms, access ecosystems, t...Simone Cicero
This presentation explains in a few slides how the convergence of new technologies and new habits and expectations is changing what the user expects from the firm and therefore the firm itself: this is digital transformation.
Firms are therefore evolving into post-industrial platforms, and to enable this transformation you need to move forward as an organization along three layers: technology platforms supporting your strategy, organizational design principles and building new innovation capabilities.
Plus: this presentation will link you to a new tool that we're about to release (as OCT 2015) - The Platform Design Toolkit 2.0 - see www.platformdesigntoolkit.com
WSO2Con ASIA 2016: Agencies as a Platform Interoperability in the UN EcosystemWSO2
Leveraging on Capgemini’s experience in United Nations agencies, they have built a vertical solution enabled by WSO2 technology (WSO2 API Manager, WSO2 Identity Server, WSO2 Enterprise Service Bus and WSO2 PaaS) for UN organizations to build a 21st century platform to better serve people that:
Enable the beneficiaries, the donors and an increasingly mobile agency workforce to access high-quality digital agency information and services anywhere, at anytime, on any device. Spreading the power of open data to reach interoperability and openness.
Ensure that as the agencies adjust to this new digital world, breaking free from the inefficient, costly and fragmented practices, build a sound governance structure for digital services, and do mobile right from the beginning in a strictly secured environment.
Unlock the power of agency data to spur innovation and improve the quality of services for people and donors: unlock the API economy in the UN world.
This lecture will analyze the increasingly important topic of assessment and evaluation in e-government. Different models, methodologies and approaches will be presented.
Dimitris Sarantis, Researcher, United Nations University, PT
In order for collective bargaining, unions and business and employers’ organisations to continue to be relevant, it may be urgent to adapt or reinvent the way they currently operate.
Industrial Relations in Europe Conference (IREC) 2018 | Leuven 10-12 September 2018
(https://soc.kuleuven.be/ceso/wo/erlm/irec-conference-schedule)
– “Enterprise, employment and unemployment in the digital economy”
International Conference | University of Brescia, 12-13 October 2017
– Labour 2030, Rethinking the Future of Work
International Conference | Porto, 13-14 July 2017
Electronic Open and Collaborative Governance - An Overviewsamossummit
An introduction to the electronic open and collaborative governance for the summer school participants, aiming to provide background knowledge.
Euripidis Loukis, University of the Aegean, Greece
Revenue models of personal data platform operatorsLaura Kemppainen
This presentation was presented in the 24th Nordic Academy of Management Conference in Bodø in the 24th of August 2017. The presentation is based on a conference/working paper and on research done in Tekes funded Digital Health Revolution project in Finland.
Be On Time with Digital Transformation: build platforms, access ecosystems, t...Simone Cicero
This presentation explains in a few slides how the convergence of new technologies and new habits and expectations is changing what the user expects from the firm and therefore the firm itself: this is digital transformation.
Firms are therefore evolving into post-industrial platforms, and to enable this transformation you need to move forward as an organization along three layers: technology platforms supporting your strategy, organizational design principles and building new innovation capabilities.
Plus: this presentation will link you to a new tool that we're about to release (as OCT 2015) - The Platform Design Toolkit 2.0 - see www.platformdesigntoolkit.com
WSO2Con ASIA 2016: Agencies as a Platform Interoperability in the UN EcosystemWSO2
Leveraging on Capgemini’s experience in United Nations agencies, they have built a vertical solution enabled by WSO2 technology (WSO2 API Manager, WSO2 Identity Server, WSO2 Enterprise Service Bus and WSO2 PaaS) for UN organizations to build a 21st century platform to better serve people that:
Enable the beneficiaries, the donors and an increasingly mobile agency workforce to access high-quality digital agency information and services anywhere, at anytime, on any device. Spreading the power of open data to reach interoperability and openness.
Ensure that as the agencies adjust to this new digital world, breaking free from the inefficient, costly and fragmented practices, build a sound governance structure for digital services, and do mobile right from the beginning in a strictly secured environment.
Unlock the power of agency data to spur innovation and improve the quality of services for people and donors: unlock the API economy in the UN world.
Shared Services: How Digital Can Accelerate the Leap to Value-Added Different...Cognizant
Shared services centers must embrace social, mobile, analytics, cloud and intelligent process automation techniques to navigate three critical shifts that can turbocharge innovation and reinforce market differentiation.
PLM 2018 - Is Openness really free? A critical analysis of switching costs fo...Karan Menon
Paper Presentation in PLM 2018
Authors:
Karan Menon, Hannu Kärkkäinen, Thorsten Wuest & Timo Seppälä
Tampere University of Technology; West Virginia University; ETLA, Finland.
AI and Education 20240327 v16 for Northeastern.pptxISSIP
Prof. Mark L. Miller (https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlmiller751/), Northeastern University, class on AI and Education
Speaker: Jim Spohrer (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/)
===
Speaker: Dr. Jim Spohrer, retired Apple and IBM executive, currently Board of Directors for ISSIP.org (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals).
Title: AI and Education: A Historical Perspective and Possible Future Directions
Abstract: This talk will briefly survey my 50 years working in the area of AI & Education. At MIT (1974- 1978), MIT's summer EXPLO schools for AI and entrepreneurship classes. At Verbex (1978-1982), speech recognition, language models, early generative AI. At Yale (1982-1989), MARCEL, a generate- test-and-debug architecture and student model of programming bugs. At Apple (1989-1998), from content (SK8) to community (EOE) to context (WorldBoard). At IBM (1999 - 2021), service science and open source AI. At ISSIP (2021-present), generative AI and digital twins.
Bio:Jim’s Bio (142 words):
Jim Spohrer is a student of service science and open-source, trusted AI. He is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM), who is a member of the Board of Directors of the non-profit International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP). At IBM, he served as Director for Open Source AI/Data, Global University Programs, IBM Almaden Service Research, and CTO IBM Venture Capital Relations Group. At Apple, he achieved Distinguished Engineer Scientist Technologist (DEST) for authoring and learning platforms. After MIT (BS/Physics), he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon), then Yale (PhD/Computer Science AI). With over ninety publications and nine patents, awards include AMA ServSIG Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline, Evert Gummesson Service Research, Vargo-Lusch Service-Dominant Logic, Daniel Berg Service Systems, and PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. In 2021, Jim was appointed a UIDP Senior Fellow (University-Industry Demonstration Partnership).
Readings:Apple's ATG Authoring Tools:
URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/279044.279173 Blog: WorldBoard
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/2060 Blog: Reflecting on Generative AI and Digital Twins
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/6521 Book: Service in the AI Era
Attached: Pages 46-54.Video: Speech Recognition (History)
URL: https://youtu.be/G9z4VAsw_kw
Thanks, -Jim
--Jim Spohrer, PhDBoard of Directors, ISSIP (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals) Board of Directors, ServCollab ("Serving Humanity Through Collaboration")Senior Fellow, UIDP ("Strengthening University-Industry Partnerships")Retired Industry Executive (Apple, IBM)
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
Brno-IESS 20240206 v10 service science ai.pptxISSIP
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
20240104 HICSS Panel on AI and Legal Ethical 20240103 v7.pptxISSIP
20240103 HICSS Panel
Ethical and legal implications raised by Generative AI and Augmented Reality in the workplace.
Souren Paul - https://www.linkedin.com/in/souren-paul-a3bbaa5/
Event: https://kmeducationhub.de/hawaii-international-conference-on-system-sciences-hicss/
Congratulations to the organizers of the “Symposium for Celebrating 40 Years of Bayesian Learning in Speech and Language Processing” and to Prof. Chin-Hui Lee of Georgia Tech the Honorary Chair of the Symposium.
Thanks to Huck Yang (Amazon) for the invitation to record this short message.
Huck Yang
URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/huckyang/
Event: https://bayesian40.github.io
Recording:
Slides:
URL: https://professionalschool.eitdigital.eu/generative-ai-essentials
Course on Generative Al
Description:
Generative AI is a world-changing power tool that is getting better by the day. So now is the time to get truly inspired, climb up the learning curve, and unleash more of your creative potential.
Learning Topics:
* Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future
* Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory
* Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era
What You'll Take Away:
By the end of this session, you'll understand the importance of upskilling with today's generative AI tools to get more work done, both faster and at higher quality, as well as some pitfalls to avoid, all within the broader context of the past, present, and future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intelligence Augmentation (IA).
Learning Topics
Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future.
Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory.
Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era.
Deep dive into ChatGPT's features.
Techniques for basic and advanced prompting and real-world applications.
Spohrer Open Innovation Reflections 20230911 v2.pptxISSIP
September 11, 2023
Berkeley Innovation Forum
Open Innovation Journey
Henry Chesbrough, Solomon Darwin, Jim Spohrer
https://corporateinnovation.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/BIF-Fall2023-7.28.23.pdf
Pre-Event: Monday, September 11, 2023 at The CITRIS Innovation Hub
UC Berkeley, 330 Sutardja Dai Hall, MC 1764
7:45pm - 8:30pm
8:45pm
Fireside Chat: The Open Innovation Journey - Moderated by Henry Chesbrough
Henry Chesbrough
Faculty Director, Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation, UC Berkeley
Olga Diamandis
Former Disney, Smuckers, Mattel, P&G Executive
Jim Spohrer
Former Exec: IBM, Distinguished Scientist at Apple, Director of IBM AI
Nitin Narkhede
General Manager, Emerging Technologies and Innovation, Wipro
Bus pick-up to Hotel Shattuck Plaza
Henry Chesbrough is a professor at the Haas Business School, UC Berkeley, and faculty director of the Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation. An internationally acclaimed author, Dr. Chesbrough’s Open Innovation concept was first introduced in his award-winning book, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology (2003). When he coined the term Open Innovation, he defined an approach that companies around the globe now use to innovate. Today, Chesbrough works directly with companies through Garwood’s programs to apply the principles of Open Innovation, and he continues to refine our understanding through his research and books.
Olga Diamandis is the senior manager at TE Connectivity. Previously, she served as principal technical architect at the Walt Disney Company. She also worked as principal scientst of innovation & knowledge management at The J.M. Smucker Company. Before that, she served as senior manager of Open Innovation at Mattel. She also has experience as a manager of global business development at Procter & Gamble, alongside a previous managerial role at Nestle.
Jim Spohrer previously served as IBM Director of Cognitive OpenTech - which includes open source AI/ML/DL - as well as director of IBM’s deep question-answering system Watson. Prior to that, he worked as a Distinguished Scientist in Learning Research at Apple Computer, Inc. where he developed SK8, Educational Object Economy - an open source learning object community - as well as WorldBoard which served as a vision for Planetary Augmented Reality system.
Nitin Narkhede is General Manager of Emerging Technologies and Innovation at Wipro Technologies. He is responsible for the development of new services and solutions based on emerging trends and technologies at Wipro. Nitin has been in the forefront of a number of technology and business model transitions during his 20 years of work at Wipro. Prior to his current assignment, he managed Wipro’s e-Business Solutions Practice in the Americas. Nitin has over 23 years of experience in the technology industry spanning IT strategy and planning, information systems and software product development, technology strategy and innovation management.
Host:
Bart Raynaud - https://www.linkedin.com/in/bart-raynaud-160a0318/
Title: AI: Past, Present, and Future
Abstract: In 1956, the term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined for a workshop at Dartmouth. Since then there has been waxing and waning enthusiasm and investment, so called "AI Winters" after hype, did not live up to reality. In late 2022, with the release of ChatGPT, and over 100 million users in just 60 days, there is a new wave of hype, investment, excitement, and increased fears of AI use by 'bad actors' for misinformation and other harms to society. What are the future trajectories as this technology is tamed and becomes routine? Are we about to enter a 'golden age' of service in business and society, as technology comes to the service sector, as it came to agriculture and manufacturing in the past?
Bio: Jim Spohrer is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM). In the 1970's, after graduating MIT with a degree in physics, he worked at an AI startup doing speech recognition with mathematical models. In the 1980's, after completing his PhD in Computer Science/AI & Cognitive Science at Yale, he moved to California to join Apple and work on AI for Education. In the late 1990's, he joined IBM as CTO of the Venture Capital Relations group during the internet investment boom, and later started IBM Research's service research area, led IBM Global University Programs, and led IBM's open source AI efforts. Jim's most recent co-authored book, "Service in the AI Era" was published in late 2022.
Talk at SRI for Post Industrial Forum
June 28, 2023 5pm-8pm
https://post-industrial.institute/forum/
Frode Odegard invitation
https://www.linkedin.com/in/odegard/
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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1. Reference this presentation as:
• Smedlund, A. (2018). “Future of work in the platform
economy”. Invited speech at the JAIST World
Conference, Ishikawa, Japan, February 27-28, 2018.
2. Future of work in the platform
economy
JAIST World Conference, Ishikawa, Japan, February
27-28, 2018
Anssi Smedlund
Postdoctoral researcher
Aalto University School of Business, Helsinki, Finland
Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR)
anssi.smedlund@aalto.fi
3. Anssi Smedlund
Aalto University School of Business
Center for Knowledge and Innovation
Research (CKIR) / Department of
Marketing. Helsinki, Finland
Current projects:
- Global marketplaces
- Internet of Things (IoT) firm
strategies
- Entrepreneurs performance in
service platform
Experience:
• D. Sc. (Tech.) and Lic. Sc. (Tech.);
Industrial engineering and
Management, Helsinki University of
Technology (Current Aalto University)
• Project researcher and research
director at BIT- Research Centre
2005-2014
• Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley,
Haas School of Business 2006,
2008, 2010 ja 2015
– Organization theory, network theory
and innovation management
• Visiting Researcher, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Graduate School of
Decision Science and Technology
2008
• 36 publications with 752 references,
h-index 13
Twitter: @ASmedlund
#digitalization #platform_economy
#network_theory #IoT
4. Content
• Platform economy; big picture
• Basic mechanisms of the platform economy
– Network externalities
– Transaction costs
– Service platforms
• Future of work in the platform economy
5. What is a platform?
• Platforms facilitate participants to co-create value resulting as
a systemic whole of products, services or both
– Platform creates processes enabling participants to co-create value
– Platforms intermediate one-sided, two-sided or multi-sided markets
• Popular examples:
– Dropbox: one-sided market (file sharers)
– Uber: two-sided market (drivers and customers)
– AirBnB: multi-sided market (landlords, renters, facility managers)
• Platforms scale quickly with relatively low resources
• Venture capital driven: The value of the platforms is defined
based on the number of participants, not today’s revenue
6.
7. Platform economy affects organizations and processes causing
an indirect effect on society and individual’s work practices
(Multi-level model: Rouse, 2009; Rouse & Cortese, 2010; Grossman, et al., 2011)
Network externalities
Transaction costs
Service platforms
8. Basic mechanisms of the
platform economy
Network externalities
Transaction cost theory
Service platforms
10. Network externalities drive platform
evolution and growth
Platform
Side A Side B
Direct network effects
Direct network effects
Indirect network effects
(Katz & Shapiro, 1994; Shapiro & Varian, 1999)
Each new participant attracts other participants (within sides and between
sides). Causes winner-take-all situation. When participants lock-in to the
platform, switching costs increase.
11. Network externalities can be started with
pricing, one side will be subsidized on the
expense of the other side
(Eisenmann, Parker, Van Alstyne)
In this example, mobile phone application store does not charge users in
order to attract more users, but rises the price for developers who join in to
benefit from large user base.
Usually users are subsidized, since they are more fluid.
12. Network externalities can be maintained with
horizontal integration: by offering new
services for existing customer base
( https://www.rakuten.co.jp )
Rakuten ecosystem in Japan
16. Platforms lower opportunism
(increases trust) in the economy
Platform
View of the
markets
Opportunism
Uncertainty /
complexity
Irrationality
Society
Human factors Environmental
factors
1. Platform solves a
systemic problem
and answers to
challenge of
opportunism (eg.
AirBnB, Uber)
2. Platform improves
view of the markets
and prices thus
lowering opportunism
3. Platform is a part
of the society and
over time affects
irrationality,
uncertainty and
complexity in the
markets
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
17. Platforms in solving systemic problems
and lowering opportunism
AirBnB
-Problems in the market:
- How renter can be sure that the apartment is
good?
- How landlord dares to let stranger into their
home?
-Solution:
- AirBnB provides trust; ensuring identities of the
parties, making sure information is correct and
money transfer happens
Uber
Problems in the market:
- How can customer be sure that the ride is
safe?
- How can drive be sure that customer is safe
and has money?
Solution
- Uber providing trust to the identities, routes
and payments
When lowering transaction costs, the platforms 1) reduce the need of formal
organizations to coordinate processes 2) bring in to the sphere of the
economic exchange such activity that used to be gray (i.e. was unprofitable to
offer due to high transaction costs)
19. Service platforms, two archetypes of
Security service
integrates to the
organization of a client
firm
= physical, tangible
service platform based
on human labor
Scheduling & cash
management service
integrates to the
organization of a client
firm
= digital, intangible
service platform based
on algorithms
(Chesbrough, 2011; Smedlund; 2012)
20. Service platform
• Service providers service is fully integrated into the client
firms processes and structures
• Services can be designed in a way that the client company
can base their business on top of them
• Payroll firm can take care of the client firms payroll department
• Uber driver application takes care of getting customers, navigating
and payments for the taxi driver
• Amazon.com, Rakuten ja Alibaba provide their suppliers with
payments, logistics, marketing, analytics etc. digital service
modules that are integrated to the supplier processes and
organization
21. Timma.fi is a Finnish service platform
for beauty industry entrepreneurs
Service modules for entrepreneurs:
23. Timma service platform improves
entrepreneur performance
• Entrepreneurs can focus on their core
tasks
• No answering to phone, no handling
money, easier reach to the market
• Smedlund & Hänninen (* preliminary
research results
• 67 % of the respondents (N. 250) says
Timma has improved their business
• The more service modules the
entrepreneurs use (e.g. scheduling,
payments, inventory etc.), the more
services the entrepreneur sells
Y: normalized sales
X: normalized usage intensity of service modules
(* Smedlund, A., Hänninen, M. (2018). Effects of Digital Platforms on Complementors Business Performance – Empirical Evidence from a Digital
Service Platform. Paper submitted to the Academy of Management annual meeting 2018.
25. Consequences of network externalities
for the future of work
• Digital platforms will emerge to job search and performing work. Employees
and employers seek to participate in the platforms. (e.g. LinkedIn and
Glassdoor)
– Increases transparency
– Makes possible global job market
– Enables easier search and hiring of employees
• Both employees and employers have to be present at the platforms
– Service modules such as payroll, payment systems, recommendations create lock-in
– Individuals are attached to the platform, not necessary with the companies they work for.
Companies face difficulties in retaining talent if the platform offers better options
– Firms have to present at the traditional job market and platform job market simultaneously
• E.g. Taxi service in Greece: Firm / platform hybrid organization
• Project-type and task-type of work and will increase along with fluidity of the job
market = “Gig economy”
• Company-internal career ladders will break as turnover increases: platform
offers markets for talent and managers
26. Consequences of lower transaction
costs for the future of work
• Reduced need for formal organizations to coordinate work as algorithms do that
• Bring new activity to the economy (the kind of activity that used to be exchange
economy or unprofitable due to transaction costs)
• Many work roles and organization structures exist because of transaction costs,
when platforms lower transaction costs, the roles and structures change
– E.g. Taxi call centers in relaying rides become unnecessary
• Business risk that used to be bared by the companies, goes to the employees. The
buffer that organization provided will be missing
– Variations in demand and supply will affect employees' directly
– However, employees can change jobs more quickly as the market is more efficient
• So called “Platform organizations” will emerge
– Tight core of permanent employees, surrounded with modular ad-hoc, project based
organizations of freelancers (e.g. Marketing agencies)
– Boundaries of organizations will be blurred and organizations partially merge into each other
through common projects
27. Consequences of service platforms for
the future of work
• Digital service platform improves productivity of work
• Service platform takes care of task the used to be middle
managers tasks
– No need for a designated person who is knowledgeable what
others do, because service platform takes care of coordination (e.g.
Early morning newspaper delivery, taxi call centers, travel agents...)
• Organization hierarchies become flatter
– The role of middle management becomes less important, the need
for administrative staff becomes less
• Enables the emergence of new service business chains and
franchise business models
– Stores using the same service platform become easier to join
together
– Economies of scale with internal service platforms; e.g. banking,
health care services, car repair shops, retail chains etc…
28. Summary: Future of work in the platform
economy
• Network externalities Increasing project-
based and task-based job contracts
• Transaction costs Flatter hierarchies and
blurred organizational boundaries
• Digital service platforms Improved
productivity of work
29. References
• The Rise of the Platform Economy. A Global Survey
– https://thecge.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/PDF-WEB-Platform-Survey_01_12.pdf
• Williamson, O., Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, Free Press,
New York, 1975.
• Katz, M.L., and C. Shapiro, “Systems Competition and Network Effects”, Journal of
Economic Perspectives 8(2), 1994, pp. 93–115.
• Shapiro, C., and H. Varian, Information rules. A strategic guide to the network economy.,
Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1999.
• Alstyne, V., T. Eisenmann, G. Parker, and M. Van Alstyne, “Platform envelopment”,
Strategic Management Journal 32(May 2007), 2011, pp. 1270–1285.
• Chesbrough, H., Open services innovation, Jossey-Brass, San Francisco, 2011.
• Smedlund, A., “Value Cocreation in Service Platform Business Models”, Service Science
4(1), 2012, pp. 79–88.
• Smedlund, A., Hänninen, M. (2018). Effects of Digital Platforms on Complementors
Business Performance – Empirical Evidence from a Digital Service Platform. Paper
submitted to the Academy of Management annual meeting 2018.
• Rouse, W.B. (2009). “Engineering perspectives on healthcare delivery: Can we afford
technological innovation in healthcare?” Journal of Systems Research and Behavioral
Science, 26, 1-10.
Ishikawa, Japan, February 2018
Reference this presentation as:
Smedlund, A. (2018). “Future of work in the platform economy”. Invited speech at the JAIST World Conference, Ishikawa, Japan, February 27-28, 2018.
In this presentation, I use Uber and AirBnb as examples of platforms but I do not intend to say that these two platforms change working life alone. However, platform is a business model that is spreading in all sectors of industry and affect the working life that way
Eurooppa puuttuu….
Negative things: Some of the Share of the growth in productivity goes to the platform owners.
Pricing / subsidies: who is going to pay, firms or individuals?