SMART International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure: Resilient adaptive and regenerative infrastructures for tomorrow
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A presentation conducted by Professor Edward J Blakely, Honorary Professor, Urban & disaster recovery expert, United States Studies Centre, University of Sydney. Presented on Thursday the 3rd of October 2013. What we term infrastructure today is the built up environment created in the last 100 years to move people and commerce, heat and cool. This infrastructure was created as a buttress against nature. It was built to be solid and immoveable. It also had to be upgraded and repaired in the same places to perform the same functions. Future function were merely linear projections of the past. But the past is no longer prologue. Too much of what we term infrastructure today is not useful for solving today’s problems let along tomorrows. Would we ever create cities on the ocean’s edge, if we knew of sea-level rise? Would we ever create massive non adaptable fixed power stations if we knew fuels would dwindle and centralized systems would be dangerous and unsustainable? We know the answers. But we continue to march backward to the future. In this talk I want to look back to ancient times where cities failed because they were not adaptable and project a future where we will have to create re-generative infrastructure that adapts to its environment and settlement systems that are light on the environment rather than fixed and heavy. This approach calls for a total re-thinking of urban settlement systems and a new generative infrastructure to support them.
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SMART International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure: Resilient adaptive and regenerative infrastructures for tomorrow
- 1. ENDORSING PARTNERS Resilient adaptive and regenerative infrastructures for www.isngi.org tomorrow The following are confirmed contributors to the business and policy dialogue in Sydney: • Rick Sawers (National Australia Bank) • Nick Greiner (Chairman (Infrastructure NSW) Monday, 30th September 2013: Business & policy Dialogue Tuesday 1 October to Thursday, 3rd October: Academic and Policy Dialogue Presented by: Professor Edward J Blakely, Honorary Professor, Urban & disaster recovery expert, United States Studies Centre, University of Sydney www.isngi.org
- 3. Los Angeles ~1952 Human Growth in a Finite World
- 6. Home Building Beyond the Fringe New Suburban Commercial Centers along beltways Rise of full scale unconnected communities on the fringe
- 10. Sendai
- 15. Headline Impact Human activity implicated in Europe's 2003 heat wave Man-made pollution during the past century doubled the chances of the heat wave that hit Europe last summer, say climatologists. The sweltering temperatures of August 2003 left many people, particularly the elderly, struggling to cope killing 20,000 people throughout Europe. The heat wave caused many thousands of extra deaths, while forest fires ravaged large areas of land, causing $1.6 billion worth of damage in Portugal.
- 18. urban environments - incremental: • Rising sea levels threaten shorelines and shoreline development • Changes in precipitation in nearby water catchments lead to water scarcity e.g. Perth • Heat island effects from hard surfaces exacerbate heat waves causing deaths (see NY Climate & Health Project) • Sticky unpleasant conditions induce bad behaviours/crime waves • Increased incidence of major forest fires threaten urban fringe communities and poison water catchments
- 26. DROUGHT AND FIRE
- 28. Happy Jack
- 35. ROAD DESTRUCTION
- 42. Holistic Approach - Best Mix of Mitigation/PreparednessVulnerability Functionality 100% Damage Recovery Time Event Occurrence Time
- 43. New Infrastructure Required for Knowledge Based vs Machine Based Community 1. Place Creating and Generating Infrastructure 2. Human Capital Building Infrastructure 3. Tele-mobility Infrastructure 4. Social Capital Infrastructure 5. New Governance Infrastructure
- 45. Safety of buildings! Not possible at this stage to have a safe building “if you don’t have a safe community to put it in” Geis (1994a)
- 46. Better Place to Live as basic infrastructure
- 47. INTEGRATED FACILITIES Communities need to be based on multiand joint use facilities that reduce movement and create more community interactions
- 48. HEALTHY COMMUNITY BY DESIGN
- 50. DELIVERING NEW COMMUNITY FORM
- 52. RIVERS SHORES
- 54. Determine Greenspace pattern Quantify estimates of surface temperatures Develop vulnerability assessments Create scenarios and options
- 56. Quality Places are Safer Places
- 57. • New materials – resistant to heat / winds, etc • Floating structures – Hydropoles • Computer based decision support software for risk assessment • GIS based simulations
- 59. PLACE WATER AND ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGHOUT THE CITY
- 60. PRODUCE FOOD IN THE CITY REQUIRES A NEW EASIER INFRASTRUCTURE
- 65. Build with right materials not cheapest
- 76. Local Governments forming regional companies digitalcom and new employment infrastructures Public-Private Venture Corporations to provide both soft and hard infrastructure for local and metro communities
- 81. Master Development Plan Financing Environmental Bonds Development Future as the Goal for finance Plan not just current returns Financing the soci-economic and environmental sustainability as key ingredients to measuring returns
- 82. High Speed Rail as National Productivity Connector
- 83. Sustainable planning requires a partner institution privately sponsored to harness private investment in order to deal with vexing problems that require public commitment but rely on private sector actions. Creating new leadership for Sustainable Planning
- 85. ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH VALUE CAPTURE APPROACH An economic feasibility study of the project and its effect on the municipality’s tax base; A detailed list of estimated project costs; A description of the methods of financing all estimated projects costs and a cash flow statement; A map showing existing uses and conditions of property in the district; Proposed changes to any zoning instrument, master plan or other planning instrument; and A list of estimated non‐project costs
- 101. SMART INRASTRCUTURE FACILITY: • Modeling micro-level impacts esp. extreme weather events • Structures - stability, heat • Infrastructure such as sewerage system overflows • Streams, lakes - gouging, erosion, mobilization of toxic sediments, etc • Marine environments esp. stability/longevity of beaches • Health and social impacts (e.g. NY Health & Climate ChangeProject) • Economic and investment ramifications • Establishing metrics to determine performance benchmarks
- 102. Integrating Community Work, Home, Retailing, Education and Play
- 104. BUILD NEW ECONOMIC AS PART OF FUTURE PROOFING
- 105. Neighborhood Safety
- 108. Function Affected assets or activities Key climate influence Possible effects Sensitivity to Effects Planning / policy development Management of private sector development; urban expansion; infrastructure and communications planning All Inappropriate location of urban expansion areas; inadequate or inappropriate infrastructure, costly retro-fitting of systems. Rivers, groundwater, drainage, coastal areas, natural hazards Coastal management Infrastructure; management of coastal development Temperature changes leading to sea level changes; extreme storm events Coastal erosion and flooding; disruption to road networks, communications; loss of private property and community assets; water quality impacts. Coastal areas, natural hazards Stormwater Infrastructure Increased rainfall, sea level rise Increased frequency of extreme rainfall events affecting capacity and maintenance of stormwater infrastructure; increased peak stream flows; groundwater level changes; changing flood plains and greater likelihood of damage to properties and infrastructure. Rivers, drainage, coastal areas Watercare Management of watercourses rivers, lakes, wetlands Rainfall and temperature changes Increased variation in water volumes possible; reduced water quality; sedimentation and weed growth; changes in type/ distribution of pest species Rivers, lakes, wetlands, water quality, drainage, erosion, biosecurity Transport Road network and associated infrastructure; management of public transport; provision of footpaths, bike tracks, etc Extreme rainfall events; extreme winds Disruption due to extreme events; changed maintenance needs for public transport (road, rail) infrastructure Drainage, natural hazards Open space and community facilities management Planning and management of parks, gardens, sports fields, urban open spaces Temperature/ rainfall changes; extreme wind and rainfall events Changes/reduction in water availability; changes in biodiversity; changes in type/distribution of pest species; groundwater changes; saltwater intrusion in coastal zones; need for more shelter in urban spaces. Groundwater, drainage, water availability, biodiversity, coastal areas.