Smart City: provocări și pași ai evoluției / Smart Cities challenges

Smart
City:
provocări
și

pași
ai
evoluției

Prof.dr.ing. Radu Vasiu
Facultatea de Electronica si Telecomunicatii
Centrul Multimedia
Universitatea Politehnica Timisoara

Sesiunea
Plenara
ZAT
2015,
28
mai
2015

Implica6ile
schimbarilor
clima6ce
asupra
societa6i,
economiei
si
mediului

The need for smarter cities!
Challenges
ci9es
face
today

Growing
popula6on

Traﬃc
conges6on

Space
–
homes
and
public

space

Resource
management

(water
and
energy
use)

Climate
changes
(global

warming
-‐
carbon

emissions)

Tighter
city
budgets

Aging
infrastructure

Resources:

Kent
Larson’s
TEDx
Boston
talk:
“Brilliant

Designs
to
Fit
More
People
in
Every
City”

Stanley
S.
Litow:
“America’s
Ci6es
need
to

get
smarter”

Source:
hVp://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_ﬁnal_120516.pdf

In
Europe
alone
80%
of
the
popula6on
lives
in
ci6es
and
urbaniza6on
is
accelera6ng

China
300-‐400
million
people
will
move
to
ci6es
in
the
next
15
years

The need for smarter cities!
Urban
popula6on
by
2030:
5
billions

In
the
21st
century,
ci6es
will
account
for

90%
of
popula6on
growth

80%
of
global
CO2
emissions

75%
of
energy
use!

“the
city
is
a
core
paradigm
for
the
mankind,

where
trade,
technology,
art
and
culture

converge
in
designing
and
building
the

solu6ons
to
the
civiliza6on
risks”

Donado
TopeVa

hVps://ict4green.wordpress.com/

Vision of smarter cities!
Environmental sustainability and efficiency!
! !Sustainable homes and buildings!
!Efficient use of resources!
! ! !Efficient and sustainable transportation!
Better urban planning - livable cities!
!
!

Smart
Ci6es
are
“complex
ecosystems
supported
by

technological
infrastructures
transforming
ci6zen

engagement,
learning
and
par6cipa6on”

(United
Na6ons,
Department
of
Economic
and
Social
Aﬀairs.
Popula6on
Division,
2012.
World

Urbaniza6on
Prospects,
the
2011
Revision,
New
York)

Definitions of Smart Cities…!
{Caragliu
and
Nijkamp
2009}:
A
city
can
be
defined
as
‘smart’

when
investments
in
human
and
social
capital
and

tradi6onal
(transport)
and
modern
(ICT)
communica6on

infrastructure
fuel
sustainable
economic
growth
and
a

high
quality
of
life,
with
a
wise
management
of
natural

resources,
through
par6cipatory
governance.

{Giffinger
et
al.
2007}:
A
Smart
City
is
a
city
well

performing
in
a
forward-‐looking
way
in
these
six

characteris6cs
[economy,
people,
governance,
mobility,

environment
&
living],
built
on
the
smart
combina6on
of

endowments
and
ac6vi6es
of
self-‐decisive,
independent

and
aware
ci6zens.
!
!

The
Smart
Ci6es
Wheel
developed
by
Cohen

Smart
city
concept

Pillars of a Smart City!
1.  Smart
economy
(Innova6ve
spirit,
entrepreneurship,
economic
image
&

trademarks,
produc6vity,
flexibility
of
labour
market,
interna6onal

embeddedness,
ability
to
transform)

2.  Smart
mobility
(Local
accessibility,
(Inter-‐)na6onal
accessibility,

availability
of
infrastructure,
sustainable,
innova6ve
and
safe
transport

systems
)

3.  Smart
environment
(AVrac6vity
of
natural
condi6on,
pollu6on,

environmental
protec6on,
sustainable
resource
management)

4.  Smart
governance
(Par6cipa6on
in
decision-‐making,
public
and
social

services,
transparent
governance,
poli6cal
strategies
&
perspec6ves)

5.  Smart
people
(Level
of
qualifica6on,
affinity
to
life
long
learning,
social

and
ethnic
plurality,
flexibility,
crea6vity,
cosmopolitanism/open

mindedness,
par6cipa6on
in
public
life)

6.  Smart
living
(Cultural
facili6es,
health
condi6ons,
individual
safety,

housing
quality,
educa6on
facili6es,
touris6c
aVrac6ons,
social
cohesion)!

Climate change and ICT!
Scien6sts,
economists
and
policy
makers
are
calling
for
emissions
targets
of
at
least
20%

below
1990
levels
in
2020.

Climate change and ICT!
Smart
motor

systems
Smart

logis6cs

Smart

buildings

Smart

grids

Opportunities for ICT to achieve
emission savings!

Climate change challenges and ICT!
The
Climate
Group:
Smart
2020
report

hVp://www.theclimategroup.org/what-‐we-‐do/programs/smart-‐2020/

Smart (efficient) energy!
•  More efficient energy production!
–  Light sensors on solar panels track sun rays to ensure power is
gathered in a more efficient manner !
•  Distribution!
–  Smart grids: Highly complex systems technically integrating
digital and non-digital technologies. Characterized by:!
•  More efficient energy routing (reduces excess capacity)!
•  Better monitoring and control!
•  Improved data capture and measurement!
•  Automation!
•  Use!
–  Smart devices and metering – at the city, building, and home
levels!

City applications – making use of
sensor technology!
–  Smart parking: Monitoring of parking spaces availability in the city.!
–  Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in
buildings, bridges and historical monuments.!
–  Noise Urban maps: Sound monitoring in bar areas and centric zones in
real time.!
–  Smartphone detection: Detect smart phones and in general any device
which works with Wifi or Bluetooth interfaces.!
–  Electromagnetic field levels: Measurement of the energy radiated by cell
stations and and WiFi routers.!
–  Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to
optimize driving and walking routes.!
–  Smart lighting: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights. !
–  Waste management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize
the trash collection routes.!
–  Smart roads: Intelligent Highways with warning messages and diversions
according to climate conditions and unexpected events like accidents or
traffic jams.! Source

“50
Sensor
Applica6ons
for
a
Smarter
World”
Libelium.

Smart buildings!
Sensors technology used in buildings for monitoring and
control!
Increase energy efﬁciency, user comfort, and security!
•  Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems!
•  Lighting/shading!
•  Air quality and window control!
•  Systems switching off devices!
•  Metering!
•  Access control (security)!
!
!
!
!

Smart transportation!
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)!
•  Smarter infrastructure and vehicles:!
– Infrastructure: Sensors in roads monitor
intensity and fluidity of traffic to help control
traffic lights more efficiently!
– Vehicles: Sensors on smart vehicles!
•  Collision avoidance!
•  Navigation!
– Public transit: Tracking use for more efficient
route planning!

Intelligent
transportation
systems (ITS)!

Other applications!!
•  Health care!
–  Fall detection – for seniors and people with
mobility disabilities!
•  Agriculture!
•  Air quality, global warming!
•  Industry!
–  Shopping logistics, ﬂeet tracking!
–  Industrial control – temperature monitoring, air
quality!
•  Entertainment!

Data-driven cities!
!"We are increasingly able to digitally search and interrogate the
city. Social tools can be layered over the city, giving us real-time
access to information about the things and people that surround
us, helping us to connect in new ways and giving rise to a data-
driven society.!
!
!Cities today are vast repositories of information, endlessly
collecting and archiving data. When semantically organised, the
data can be exposed, shared, and interconnected. Giving people
the right kind of access to this information can spark new
applications and services, new ways of living, creating and
being.”!
!
(qtd in Kirby)!

Deﬁniție

Datele
deschise
sunt
date
ce
pot
ﬁ
u9lizate
în

mod
liber,
reu9lizate
și
redistribuite
de
către

oricine
–
supuse
doar,
cel
mult,
la
necesitatea

atribuirii
în
condiții
idenFce.

Sursa:
opendatahandbook.org

Unde?

Sursa:
opensource.com

Crea6ve
Commons
–
Licente
deschise

hVp://crea6vecommons.org/

hVp://www.ap6.ro/licente-‐crea6ve-‐commons

Principii

1. Pot
ﬁ
u6lizate
liber,
pot
ﬁ
redistribuite,
nu

implică
costuri

2. Sunt
publicate
în
format
deschis
și
procesabile

prin
mijloace
automate

3. Sunt
date
primare,
întregi,
actualizate

Seturi
de
date
tema6ce

Categorie
Exemple
seturi
de
date

Date
geospațiale
Coduri
poștale,
hărți
naționale
și
locale
(planuri
cadastrale,
hărți

topografice,
marine,
ale
fron6erelor
administra6ve
etc.)

Observarea

Pământului
și
mediu

Date
spațiale
și
in
situ
(monitorizarea
condițiilor
meteorologice,

a
calității
terenurilor
și
a
apei,
a
consumului
de
energie,
a

nivelurilor
emisiilor
etc.)

Date
privind

transporturile

Orarele
transportului
public
(toate
modurile
de
transport)
la

nivel
național,
regional
și
local,
informații
privind
lucrările

ru6ere,
traficul
etc.

Sta6s6ci
Date
sta6s6ce
naționale,
regionale
și
locale,
însoțite
de

principalii
indicatori
demografici
și
economici
(PIB,
vârstă,
stare

de
sănătate,
nivelul
șomajului,
venituri,
educație
etc.)

Întreprinderi
Registrul
comerțului
și
registrul
întreprinderilor
(listele

întreprinderilor
înregistrate,
informații
privind
forma
de

proprietate
și
modul
de
ges6onare,
iden6ficatorii
înregistrării,

bilanțuri
financiare
etc.)

Sursa:
hVp://www.funda6a.ro/nicolae-‐constan6nescu/index.html#/

Open
data
–
cele
mai
u6lizate
app

Vremea

Curs
schimb
valutar

Open
data
–
cele
mai
u6lizate
app

Transport

Seturi
de
date
locale
Timisoara

RETIM

●  orarul
de
colectare
a

gunoiului
menajer

AQUATIM

●  programul
intervențiilor

●  calitatea
apei
potabile

POLIȚIA
LOCALĂ

●  lista
anonimizată
a

incidentelor
(ex:
furturi)

TEATRU,
OPERA

●  calendarul
evenimentelor

culturale

RATT

●  orarul
transportului
în

comun,
traseele,
stațiile

PRIMĂRIA

●  bugetul,
cheltuielile

Date
deschise
în
lume

planul
național
de

acțiune
2014-‐2016

direc6va
2003,
2011
open
data
charter

2013

Date
deschise
în
România

hVp://mysmartcity.ro/

Angajament
pentru
Timișoara

European
Innova9on
Partnership
on

Smart
Ci9es
and
Communi9es

●  Clusterul
“Integrated
infrastructure
&

processes
across
Energy,
ICT
and

Transport”

●  Focus
pe
“Open
Data
Landscape”

●  Timișoara:
Angajament
nr.
7711

(hVp://eu-‐smartci6es.eu/)

Recensământul
datelor
deschise

ro-‐city.census.okfn.org

Premiu
OGP
pentru
Primăria
Timișoara

Government
award
for
the
Smart
City
Associa9on

Premiu
OGP
pentru
Asocia9a
Smart
City

Portalul
național
de
date
deschise
data.gov.ro

Portalul
național

Situația
paturilor
în
spitalele
din
România

Istoria
străzilor
din
Timișoara

apps.mysmartcity.ro/Street-‐History/

Augmented
Reality
Mobile
app
–
Timisoara
Mobile
(Vert,
Vasiu
2014)

Augmented
Reality
Tourism
App:
dev.cm.upt.ro/ar/

www.cityalerts.info
(versiunea
alfa)
-‐
Start
page

●  Vizualizare
alerte
(ﬁltrare,
hartă,
comentarii)

●  Ges6onare
u6lizatori
și
agenții
(ins6tuții)

●  Ges6onare
alerte
(manual
și
import
automa6zat)

●  Integrare
cu
toate
pla~ormele
de
socializare

●  API
REST
pentru
accesarea
alertelor
din
alte
aplicații

●  Interfață
responsive
(desktop
&
mobile)

Funcționalități
City
Alerts

HACKTM
2014
the
largest
hackathon
in

Central
and
East
Europe

17-‐19
October
2014,
more

then
450
persons,

StartUpHub

hVp://6misoara.datedeschise.ro/openculture2015/

Open
MarT
(premiul
II)
este
un

website
care
prezintă
într-‐o

formă
inovatoare
tablouri
puse

la
dispoziție
de
Muzeul
de
Artă

Timișoara

Timișoara
City
Art
(premiul
I)
este
o
aplicație

pentru
telefonul
mobil
care
ajută
6mișorenii
și

turiș6i
să
descopere
monumentele
din
spațiul

public

Timisoara
City
Art

Realitate

augmentata

Timișoara
Open
Culture
Hackathon

Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!

Orthogonal
Bus
Network

FASTER
AND
MORE
EFFICIENT

ABOVE-‐GROUND
TRANSPORTATION

28
lines
of
high-‐service
axes:

17
are
ver6cal
(sea-‐mountain)

8
are
horizontal
(river
Llobregat-‐river

Besòs)

3
more
radial
and
cross
the
others
diagonally

TAP
&
GO

SECURE
AND
CONVENIENT
CONTACTLESS
PAYMENTS

•  The
Tap
and
Go
Barcelona
project
allows

contactless
payments
using
NFC
(Near
Field

Communica6ons)
technology.

•  It
is
included
in
a
range
of
strategic

ini6a6ves
aligned
with
the
Barcelona
Mobile

World
Capital
over
the
2012
-‐
2018
period.

•  The
NFC
technology
allows
fast,
contactless

payments
to
be
made
securely
and

conveniently:
you
wave
your
card
close
to

the
payment
terminal
which
registers
the

transac6on,
without
having
to
do
anything

else,
unless
the
value
of
the
purchase
is

over
20
euros,
in
which
case
you
will
have

to
enter
your
PIN.

BARCELONA
SOLAR
THERMAL
ORDINANCE

ACTIVE
SYSTEMS
TO
PRODUCE
DOMESTIC
HOT
WATER

•  Barcelona’s
Solar
Thermal

Ordinance
(approved
in
1999)

regulates
the
introduc6on
of

ac6ve
systems
to
capture
and

use
low
temperature
solar

energy
(solar
thermal

collectors)
in
order
to
produce

domes6c
hot
water
in
buildings

and
construc6ons
in
the
city,

regardless
of
whether
they
are

public
or
privately
owned.

Hotel
Diagonal
Barcelona

MEDIA-‐TIC
BUILDING

Example
of
Green
Architecture

•  The
MEDIA
-‐TIC
building
is
a
good
example
of
the
new
smart
and

sustainable
architecture
in
Barcelona,
which
uses
the
latest
technology.

Inaugurated
in
September
2010,
it
is
designed
to
be
a
communica6ons

hub
and
mee6ng
point
for
businesses,
R&D
centres
and
ins6tu6ons
in

the
field
of
IC
T
as
well
as
for
the
media
and
audio-‐visual
sectors.

•  shape
of
a
cube
and
is
formed
by
large
iron
beams
covered
in
a
plas6c

coa6ng
of
inflatable
bubbles,
which
offer
glimpses
of
the
fluorescent

structure
of
the
building.

•  The
aVrac6ve
covering
also
has
a
func6onal
u6lity
as
a
way
of
regula6ng

light
and
temperature,
primarily
preven6ng
114
tons
of
CO
2
a
year
from

escaping
from
the
building,
and
offering
a
20%
saving
on
climate
control.

•  Every
facade
of
the
Media-‐TIC
is
different:
from
the
outside,
they
reveal

parts
of
their
interior
spaces
and
give
a
diverse
plas6city,
while
from
the

inside
they
offer
spectacular
views.
The
translucent
and
innova6ve

covering,
ETFE
(Ethylene
Tetrafluor
Ethylene),
recently
approved
as
a

construc6on
material,
is
in
itself
an
innova6on
in
Spanish
building:
it
acts

as
an
external
covering
and
a
mobile
sunscreen
that
helps
light
to

penetrate
and
affords
heat
savings.
The
ETFE
skin
is
ac6vated
using

pneuma6c
mechanisms
thanks
to
“luxometer”
sensors
that

automa6cally
and
independently
ac6vate
the
chamber
infla6on
and

defla6on
devices
according
to
how
much
solar
energy
there
is.
These

luxometers
are
energy
independent.

UNDERGROUND
GALLERIES

Easy
access
to
service
network

•  Special
Infrastructure
Plan
for
urban
improvements
on

37
km
of
streets
in
22@Barcelona,
the
innova6on

district,
with
highly
compe66ve
u6lity
infrastructures.

•  a
new
model
of
urbaniza6on
and
underground

infrastructures:
a
modern
network
of
energy,

telecommunica6ons,
district
hea6ng
and
pneuma6c

waste
collec6on
systems.

•  The
design
of
these
new
networks
gives
priority
to

energy
eﬃciency
and
responsible
management
of

natural
resources.

SIIUR
PROJECT

Integral
Solu6on
for
Urban
Infrastructures

•  The
SIIUR
project
(Integral
Solu6on
for
Urban

Infrastructures)

•  control
of
ligh6ng
zones,
regula6on
of
the
hours
of

ligh6ng,
improvements
in
facili6es
and
an
electrical

analysis
of
the
posi6on
of
lamps
results
in
costs
savings

of
up
to
40%

•  Street
lamps
are
equipped
with
LED
technology
to

reduce
cost
and
pollu6on.
Lamps
include
sensors
that

process
environmental
informa6on
and
detect
presence,

temperature,
humidity,
noise
and
pollu6on.

•  These
lights
are
connected
to
a
Street
Ligh6ng
Cabinet

that
centralizes
all
communica6ons
and
services
(such
as

Fibre-‐op6c
cabling
to
the
Home,
Wi-‐Fi
or
Electrical

Vehicle
recharging
sta6ons)

SENSORS
FOR
URBAN
SERVICES

New
applica6ons
for
a
beVer
urban
quality
of
life

•  different
formats
of
sensors,
databases,
new
applica6ons

and
designs
generated
both
by
public
administra6on
and

private
firms

•  Barcelona
is
crea6ng
an
efficient
and
smart
service

delivery
pla~orm
for
ci6zens
and
municipal
workers.
This

pla~orm
has
a
common
data
warehouse
where
the

different
sensors
systems
store
their
informa6on.

•  Some
examples
are
sensors
in
solid
waste
containers
(to

report
loading
data
to
adjust
schedules
or
routes),
street

sensors
(occupancy
of
parking
spaces
and
loading
areas)

for
environmental
control
(air
and
noise
pollu6on),

humidity
(for
irriga6on
in
public
parks),
urban
metering

(of
gas,
water
or
power)
and
traffic
flows
(to
control
and

manage
traffic
automa6cally).

BIOSPHERE
CERTIFICATION
FOR
BARCELONA

Interna6onal
sustainable
tourist
des6na6on

•  the
first
city
in
the
world
to
receive
the
‘Biosphere
World

Class
Des6na6on’
cer6fica6on.
This
cer6fica6on,

awarded
by
the
Responsible
Tourism
Ins6tute
(ITR,

affiliated
to
UNESCO
and
the
World
Tourism

Organiza6on
UNW
TO),
recognises
the
city
of
Barcelona

and
the
Barcelona
Tourism
Consor6um’s
environmental

management
and
posi6ons
the
city
as
a
sustainable

tourist
des6na6on,
which
proves
the
city’s
commitment

to
economic,
social,
cultural
and
environmental
values.

•  The
cer6fica6on
was
officially
presented
during
the

Global
Sustainable
Tourism
Council
(GSTC)
Annual

Mee6ng
on
29th
June
2011.
This
organisa6on,
a
UN

Founda6on,
works
to
promote
sustainable
tourism.

•  In
line
with
sustainable
tourism,
a
group
of
companies

and
ins6tu6ons
from
the
Forum
Area
of
the
city
(hotels,

conven6on
centre,
shopping
centre
and
founda6ons)

have
created
the
Barcelona
Forum
District
(BFD)
that

highlights
the
social,
environmental
and
cultural

commitment
of
its
members
and
their
common
values

and
objec6ves
in
these
maVers.

FORUM
SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
INSTALLATION

AN
icon
of
local
environmental
friendly
policies

•  The
Forum
Solar
Photovoltaic
Installa6on
was

inaugurated
in
2004,
on
the
occasion
of
the
organisa6on

of
the
Universal
Forum
of
Cultures.

•  It
is
installed
on
the
prolonga6on
of
the
Forum

Esplanade,
a
bit
further
out
towards
the
sea,
at
the

entrance
to
the
new
Marina.
The
installa6on
provided
a

good
deal
of
the
electrical
energy
and
became
a

reference
element
on
the
Barcelona
coastline
and
a

monument
to
ecological
commitment.

•  It
is
a
south-‐facing,
4,500
m2
oblique
surface
mounted

on
four
reinforced
concrete
pillars;
a
huge
pergola

receives
the
sun’s
radia6on
and
simultaneously
produces

energy
and
shade.
The
total
peak
power
of
the
solar

panel
is
1,100
kWp
and
it
is
based
on
silicon
mono-‐
crystalline
cells.

•  In
the
area
there
is
a
sailing
school
also
covered
with

solar
panels.

INTEGRAL
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PLANT

Waste
to
Energy
Treatment
plant

•  This
integral
installa6on
comprises
a
Mechanical
and

Biological
Treatment
plant
(also
called
Ecoparc)
followed

by
a
Waste
to
Energy
plant,
with
a
global
capacity
of

400,000
tonnes
per
year.

•  The
installa6on
receives
the
municipal
waste
frac6on
not

selected
in
origin.

•  First
of
all,
it
is
treated
in
the
mechanical
and
biological

treatment
plant.
The
main
goal
in
this
phase
is

separa6ng
recoverable
materials
such
as
paper,
glass,

diﬀerent
plas6cs,
ferrous
metals
and
organic
maVer.

•  The
rest
of
this
ﬁrst
treatment
goes
automa6cally
to
the

Energy
Recovery
plant,
where
this
municipal
waste
is

burned
in
three
furnaces
with
a
capacity
of
15
tonnes

per
hour.

•  Municipal
Solid
Waste
treated:
350,000
t/year

•  Electrical
energy
produced:
175,000
MWh/year

•  Steam
to
hea6ng
and
cooling
network:
15
t/h

DISTRICLIMA

Hea6ng
and
Cooling
System

•  Districlima
was
set
up
in
2002
to
implement,
for
the
first

6me
in
Spain,
a
district
hea6ng
and
cooling
network
for

use
in
hea6ng,
air
condi6oning
and
sanitary
hot
water.

•  Main
environmental
advantages
of
Districlima:

-‐
Residual
energy
sources
are
generally
used
(urban

solid
waste
or
others)
in
high
performance
energy

equipment,
thus
minimising
fossil
origin
primary
energy

consump6on;

-‐
Reduc6on
of
greenhouse
effect
gas
emission
as
it
is
a

more
efficient
energy
solu6on;

-‐
Significant
reduc6on
of
refrigerant
losses
into
the

atmosphere
compared
with
conven6onal
systems;

-‐
Noise
and
vibra6on
reduc6on
in
buildings
connected

to
the
system
and
null
visual
impact
as
the
system
ensures

that
roofs
and
facades
remain
completely
unobstructed.

LIVE
BARCELONA
PROJECT

The
electric
mobility
plan
for
the
city

•  LIVE
Barcelona
(Logis6cs
for
the
Implementa6on
of
the

Electric
Vehicle)
is
an
open
public-‐private
pla~orm
that

promotes
the
use
of
electric
vehicles
in
the
city

•  Today
the
city
has
about
240
public
recharging
sta6ons.

The
goal
is
that
every
ci6zen
has
a
sta6on
accessible

within
5
minutes
from
home.

•  Mobec
Hotels
is
a
unique
and
innova6ve
electric
mobility

ini6a6ve.
The
project
consists
of
the
installa6on
of
a

network
of
charging
sta6ons
for
six
vehicles
in
front
of

the
hotels
of
Barcelona
par6cipa6ng
in
the
project,

which
will
have
six
rental
two-‐wheel
electric
vehicles

available
for
the
hotel’s
guests.

AUTOMATED
WASTE
COLLECTION
SYSTEM

A
clean
and
efficient
waste
collec6on

•  The
pneuma6c
and
selec6ve
waste
collec6on
system
minimizes

noise
pollu6on
from
the
tradi6onal
waste
collec6on
methods
and

improves
quality
of
urban
spaces
as
waste
containers
disappear

from
the
streets.

•  The
first
pneuma6c
waste
collec6on
system
was
installed
in

Barcelona
in
1992,
in
the
Olympic
Village
District
as
part
of
the

city’s
renova6on
for
the
1992
Olympic
Games.

•  The
waste
collec6on
system
is
opera6onal
since
2006.

•  The
system
consists
of
a
network
of
fixed
collec6on
points

strategically
distributed.
The
drop-‐off
points
(either
inside
the
new

buildings
or
in
the
streets)
collect
the
three
basic
waste
frac6ons

(organic
waste,
inorganic
waste
and
paper).

•  The
drop-‐off
points
are
connected
via
a
vacuum
network
through

the
pipes
installed
under
the
streets
and
transported
to
the

collec6on
plant,
where
a
hydraulic
press
compacts
the
waste
to

reduce
its
volume
(resul6ng
in
less
traffic
and
noise).

•  The
en6re
network
is
cabled
through
a
communica6on
network
to

control
the
state
of
the
infrastructure
and
to
measure
if
waste

containers
are
empty
or
not
to
op6mize
collec6on
routes
of

trucks.

BICING

Bicycle
sharing
system

•  Bicing
is
the
name
of
a
community
bicycle
programme
of

the
city
of
Barcelona
created
in
March
2007.

•  It
aims
to
make
available
to
ci6zens
bicycles
for

commu6ng
within
the
city,
with
an
economical
and

sustainable
transporta6on
mode.
Its
purpose
is
to

facilitate
short
daily
trips
but
not
for
tourism
or

recrea6onal
use.

•  Users
must
acquire
a
yearly
membership.

•  The
system
has
a
6,000
bicycles
and
network
of
more

than
400
sta6ons
to
lend
and
return
the
bicycles

distributed
throughout
the
city.
Most
sta6ons
are

situated
next
to
public
transport
stops
or
public
parking

to
facilitate
and
promote
intermodality.

•  Since
the
start,
the
service
has
registered
more
than
50

million
uses
and
has
120,000
registered
users.

•  A
new
ini6a6ve
is
underway:
the
iBicing,
to
provide
all

Bicing
users
with
a
tool
that
allows
them
to
ﬁnd
out
the

loca6on
and
the
availability
of
their
nearest
sta6ons,

whenever
and
wherever
they
need
a
Bicing
bike.

E-‐GOVERNMENT

for
entrepreneurs,
businesses
and
ci6zens

•  Barcelona
is
pioneer
in
many
projects
and
e-‐government

ini6a6ves,
applying
new
technologies
to
improve
public

services,
access,
efficiency
and
transparency.

•  The
professional
folder:
allows
professionals
to

complete
online
procedures
on
behalf
of
their
clients

(payments,
outstanding
debts,
property
and
vehicle-‐
related
formali6es,
fines
and
penal6es).

•  Open
Data
BCN:
the
portal
includes
public
data
owned

by
the
City
Council,
made
accessible
to
the
public
in

open
and
standard
digital
formats
in
an
easy
and
clear

structure.
The
portal
includes
more
than
300
categories

of
data
in
5
basic
areas:
territory,
popula6on,
urban

environment,
economy
and
administra6on.

•  Quiosc
PuntBCN:
the
city
has
kiosks
for
aVen6on
to

ci6zens
similar
to
automa6c
teller
machines.
They
try
to

improve
the
aVen6on
given
from
the
eleven
Offices
for

public
aVen6on,
that
receive
an
average
of
4,500
daily

users.
Are
located
in
different
points
of
the
city

(shopping
centres,
libraries,
civic
centres),
and
allow

ci6zens
to
solve
most
of
the
administra6ve
procedures

(60%
of
the
total).

Open Data Projects!
•  Vancouver’s open data initiatives:!
–  http://vancouver.ca/your-government/open-data-
catalogue.aspx !
•  FutureEverything’s Open Data Project!
–  http://futureeverything.org/ongoing-projects/open-data-
cities-datagm/!
•  European Commission Big Data Forum: !
–  http://www.future-internet.eu/home/future-internet-
assembly/aalborg-may-2012/31-smart-cities-and-big-
data.html !

CONTACT
hVp://www.slideshare.net/RaduVasiu/

Prof.Dr.Ing.

Radu
Vasiu

Presedinte
Comisia
de
Cercetare
a
Senatului
Universita6i

Politehnica
Timisoara,
Romania

Director,
Centrul
de
Cercetare
Mul6media

Tel:
+40.256
403300

Email:
radu.vasiu@upt.ro

hVp://www.cm.upt.ro/staﬀ/raduvasiu

Bibliograﬁe

hVp://opendatahandbook.org/ro/what-‐is-‐open-‐data/index.html

hVp://datedeschise.funda6a.ro/

hVp://ogp.gov.ro/

hVp://opendeﬁni6on.org/

hVps://okfn.org/opendata/

hVp://data.worldbank.org/about/open-‐government-‐data-‐toolkit/knowledge-‐repository

hVps://open-‐data.europa.eu/en/data/

hVp://www.socrata.com/resources/

hVp://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/
open_data_unlocking_innova6on_and_performance_with_liquid_informa6on

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