The document discusses the concept of smart cities and their influence on urban mobility and transportation, highlighting the necessity of smart infrastructure and services to improve quality of life. It outlines strategies for developing smart cities, including area-based and pan-city development, as well as challenges faced in their implementation. Furthermore, it examines the role of electric vehicles in smart transportation and includes a focus on the current status and future initiatives of smart cities in India.

1. SMART CITY:
Its impact on future urban Mobility and Transportation
By
SUVODIPDAS

2. CONTENTS
Chap. No- TOPICS Pg. no
ABSTRACT i
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ii
1. SMART CITY
1.1 DEF. OF A SMART CITY 1
1.2 NECESSITY OF SMART CITY 2
1.3 ELEMENTS OF SMART CITY 3
1.4 SMART CITY CONCEPT 4
1.5 SMART CITY FEATURES 5
1.6 SMART CITY BUDGET 6
1.7 SMART CITY OBJECTIVES 6
2 STRATEGY, SELECTION AND CHALLENGES OF SMART CITY
2.1 STRATEGY 8
2.1.1 AREA BASED DEVELOPMENT 8
2.1.1.1 RETRO-FITING 8
2.1.1.2 RE-DEVELOPMENT 8
2.1.1.3 GREEN FIELD 9
2.1.2 PANCITY 10
2.2 SMART CITY SELECTION PROCESS 11
2.2.1 STAGE-I 11
2.2.1.1 PROPOSAL FOR STAGE -II 12
2.2.2 STAGE-II 12
2.3 CHALLENGES OF SMART CITY 13
2.3.1 MOBILITY 13
2.3.2 TRANSPORT 13
2.3.3 ENERGY MANAGEMENT 14
2.3.4 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 14
2.3.5 LAND ACCQUISTION 14
3
SMART CITY:
IMPACT ON URBAN MOBILITY AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
3.1 SMART TRANSPORTATION 15
3.1.1 NECCESITY FOR PROMOTING SMART TRANSPORTATION 16
3.1.2 ELEMENTS OF SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATION 17
3.2 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN SMART CITY 18
3.3 SMART CITY MOBILITY:ELECTRIC VEHICLE 22
3.3.1 POLICY FOR PROMOTING ELECTRIC VEHICLE 23
3.3.1.1 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY (NCEM) 23
3.3.1.2 NATIONAL BOARD FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY (NBEM) 23
3.3.1.3 NATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE BOARD (NAB) 23
3.3.1.4 FASTER ADOPTION AND MANUFACTURING OF EV (FAME) 23
3.3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 24
3.3.2.1 EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 25
3.3.2.2 REQUIREMENTS OF SMART GRIDS 27
4
ROLE OF MULTIX TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN
TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY IN SMART CITY
4.1 ABOUT MULTIX 28
4.2 SPECIALITY ABOUT MULTIX 28
4.3 CONTRIBUTION OF MULTIX IN FUTURESMART TRANSPORTATION 29
5 SMART CITY INITITIVES:WORLD WIDE
5.1 SMART CITY SCENARIO:WORLD WIDE 30
5.2 SMART CITY:EUROPEAN SCENARIO 30
5.3 COMPARISON OF SMART CITY AROUND THE WORLD 32
5.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND GENERIC IMPACT SOLLUTION 33

3. CONTENTS
Chap. No- TOPICS Pg. no
6 SMART CITY:INDIAN SCENARIO
6.1 STATUS OF INDIAN SMART CTIES 34
6.2 CHANGING THE EXISTING CITY INTO SMART CITY 34
6.3 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CENTRAL GOVT. SUPPORT 35
6.3.1 FINANCE 35
6.3.2 POLICY SUPPORT 35
6.3.3 CAPACITY BUILDING 35
6.3.4 APPROVAL PROCESS 35
6.4 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES 36
6.5 PROPOSED BENCHMARK 37
7 CONCLUSION 39
REFERENCES
ANNEXURE

4. LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. no FIGURE TOPICS Pg. no
1.1 LIST OF SMART CITIES 1
1.4 SMART CITY CONCEPTS 4
1.5 SMART CITY FEATURES 5
2.1.1.2 PROPOSED LAYOUT: KIDWAI NAGAR 8
2.1.1.3 PROPOSED LAYOUT:GIFT CITY 11
2.2.1 SELECTION OF SMART CITY: STAGE-I 11
2.2.2 SELECTION OF SMART CITY: STAGE-II 12
3.1 SLAIENT FEATURE OF SMART TRANSPORTATION 15
3.1.2 ELEMENTS OF SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATION 17
3.2 SMART CITY: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 18
3.2(i) BI-CYCLE SHARING SYSTEM 18
3.2(ii) GPS ENABLED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 19
3.2(iii) PUBLIC TRANSPORT SURVEILLENCE SYSTEM 19
3.2(iv) ROAD USER CHARGING 20
3.2(v) SMART PARKING SYSTEM 20
3.2(vi) ELECTRIC VEHICLE 21
3.3 ELECTRIC VEHICLE ECOSYSTEM 22
3.3.2.1 ELECTRIC VEHICLE:CHARGING SYSTEM 25
3.3.2.1(i) SMART GRIDS 26
3.3.2.2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SMART GRID 27
4.1 MULTIX 28
4.2 MULTIX X-PORT OPERATION 29
5.2
GRAPH SHOWING NO.S OF SMART CITY WITH SMART CITY
CHARACTERISTICS
31
5.2(i) IDENTIFIED SMART CITIES IN EUROPE 31
5.2(ii) TOTAL NO.S OF SMART CITIES IN EUROPE 31
6.2 ICT: SMART FEATURES 34
Note-To Check out the Source of Fig. check out Annexure.

5. LIST OF TABLES
Table no. TABLE TOPICS Pg. no
1.7 SMART CITY: OBJECTIVES 6
3.1.1 SMART TRANSPORTATION: CHALLENGES 16
3.3.1.4 INCENTIVES UNDER FAME, INDIA 23
4.2 MULTIX: FEATURE 28
5.1 LIST OF TOP 10 SMART CITIES 30
5.3 COMPARISON OF SMART CITIES:SEOUL, SAN FRANCISCO & AMSTERDAM 32
5.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND GENERIC IMPACT OF SMART CITY SOL. 33
6.4 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES OF SMART CITY 36
6.5 PROPOSED BENCH MARK FOR SMART CITY 37

6. ABSTRACT
The twentieth century changed the way we live. Human population went up from
1.5 billion in 1900 to 7 billion in 2010. The hope of a better life drove and continues
to drive people to urban areas, leading to the growth of megacities around the world.
Smart Cities emerged as a new concept to resolve several issues including
population outburst, rapid urbanization, sustainable livelihood, job creations, and
increased migrating population towards cities. In broad terms, smart cities
encourage sustainable economic development and promote a high quality of life;
several stories elaborate on the trend towards urbanization and the qualities needed
for a city to be a smart city.
“The Prime Minister has a vision of developing ‘100 Smart Cities’1, as satellite
towns of larger cities and by modernizing the existing mid-sized cities.” This report
is built on basics of smart cities and throws light on current status of smart cities in
India and relevant policies.
This report also gives a brief idea about the smart city development which shapes
the future smart transportation and mobility and thus providing better road
connectivity, promotes greener environment through the introduction of Electrical
Vehicles as a means of mobility and transportation to various transits.
The report also gives brief detail about Multix vehicle and its option in the field of
urban transportation and Mobility through electric mobility

7. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 To study the impact of Smart City initiative on Urban Mobility and Transport
and how it’s going to affect the people’s mobility on daily basis.
 To study develop a smart platform based on Urban Transportation that will
improve safety and efficiency in the public oriented transportation systems
and promote sustainable and Green Transportation.
 To study the impact of Smart City Initiatives on Automobile Industry and
how various manufacturers will come up with their latest ideas and
technology that will benefit Smart Urban Transportation.
 To study how the vehicle, Multix as an Electric Vehicle will contribute
towards the development of Smart City: Transportation and Mobility and how
it will provide an effective smart solutions.

8.  SMART CITY
1.1 DEFINATION OF SMART CITY:
A city outfitted with high-tech communication capabilities. It uses digital
technology to enhance performance and well being, to reduce costs and resource
consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.
The conceptualisation of Smart City, therefore, varies from city to city and country
to country, depending on the level of development, willingness to change and
reform, resources and aspirations of the city residents. A smart city would have a
different connotation in India than, say, Europe. Even in India, there is no one way
of defining a smart city.
The picture depicted below shows the list of Smart Cities in India:
Fig-1.1: List of Smart Cities

9. 1.2 NECCESITYOF SMART CITY:
Smart city can be defined as a city which should be equipped with basic
infrastructure to give a decent quality of life.
Hence the necessities of Smart City in India are given below:-
1. Good Infrastructure – The main aim of constructing a smart city is to
provide good infrastructure to the residents, such as water and sanitation
services, 24*7 electricity supply etc. The information will be collected
through the detectors – gas, electricity and other government analytics, which
will be carefully complied into small grids and then, will be fed into the
computers.
2. Smart Solutions – Smart cities are required as it would also provide smart
solutions such as providing public data, electronic service delivery, 100%
treatment of water waste, monitoring water quality etc.
3. Promotes Development – Smart cities enhance the developmental activities
of a region. A lot of developmental activities such as building schools,
organizations, shopping malls can take place. These activities benefit
everybody including citizens, businesses, government and environment.
4. Housing for All – The main aim of a smart city is “housing for all”. More
than 70% of the Indian population would be living in cities by 2050. Due to
the rising urbanization, a better standard of living is required. To support this
rising shift, a sustainable model of housing should be developed.
5. Provides Employment – A smart city is an economy of agglomeration. It
provides various opportunities and advantages to its residents. India is
expanding rapidly and the emergence of smart city can provide employment
for many. The construction of a smart city requires a lot of manpower.

10. 1.3 ELEMENTS OF SMART CITIES:
The core infrastructure elements in a smart city would include:
 Adequate water supply,
 Assured electricity supply,
 Sanitation, including solid waste management,
 Efficient urban mobility and public transport,
 Affordable housing, especially for the poor,
 Robust IT connectivity and digitalization,
 Good governance, especially e-governance and citizen participation,
 Sustainable environment,
 Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly,
 Health and education.
1.4 SMART CITY CONCEPTS:
Fig-1.4: Smart City Concepts
The purpose of the Smart Cities Mission is to drive economic growth and improve the
quality of life of people by enabling local area development and harnessing technology,
especially technology that leads to Smart outcomes. Application of Smart Solutions will
enable cities to use technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and
services. Comprehensive development in this way will improve quality of life, create
employment and enhance incomes for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged,
leading to inclusive Cities.
 PublicInformation
 ElectronicService Delivery
 CitizenEngagement
 VideoCrime Monitoring

 Smart EnergyMeters+ Mgmt.
 RenewableSource of Energy
 EnergyEfficient
 GreenBuilding

 Smart Parking
 IntelligentTrafficMonitoring
 IntegratedMulti Modal
Transport
 Physical SecuritySystems
 Life SecuritySystems
 FacilitiesManagementSystem

11. 1.5 SMART CITY FEATURES:
Fig-1.5: Smart City Features
SMART CITY
FEATURES
1 PROMOTINGMIXED LANDUSE
2
HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES
FOR ALL
3
PRESERVE AND DEVELOP
OPEN SPACE
4 CREATE WALKABLE
LOCATIES5 IMPROVE TRANSPORT
MOBILITY
6
CITIZEN FRIENDLY
AND COST EFFECTIVE
7 SMART SOLLUTIONS
FOR INFRA.& SERVICE
Planning for ‘unplanned areas’
containing a range of compatible
activities and land uses close to
one another in order to make land
use more efficient.
Expand housing opportunities
for all.
Parks, playgrounds &
recreational spaces in order to
enhance the quality of life of
citizens, reduce the urban heat
effects in Areas and generally
promote eco-balance.
Reduce congestion air
pollution and resource
depletion, boost local
economy, promote
interactions and ensure
security.
Transit Oriented
Development (TOD),
Public transport and last
mile Para-transport
connectivity
Increasinglyrelyononline
servicestobringabout
accountabilityand
transparencyto reduce cost
of servicesandproviding
serviceswithouthavingtogo
to municipal offices.
Making Areaslessvulnerable
to disasters,usingfewer
resources,andproviding
cheaperservices

12. 1.6 SMART CITY BUDGET:
In the 2014-15, Budget Session, the Finance Minister of India Mr. Arun Jaitely is
allotted the 7,060 Crores of Rupees for the 100 Smart Cities. The Indian Prime
Minister Mr. Narendra Modi is going to develop the 100 Smart Cities as Satellite
Towns of Larger Cities by modernizing the present Cities.
The general budget 2016-17 earmarked an amount of Rs 3,205 Crores forthe
development of 100 smart cities across the country by 2020.
Under the programme, each selected city will be given Rs 500 crore over a period
of five years by the Centre with the respective states expected to make a matching
contribution.
1.7 SMART CITY OBJECTIVES:
DOMAIN OBJECTIVES
GROWTH
NEEDED
Energy Grids
Automated grids that employ ICTto deliver energy
and enable information exchange about
consumption between providers and users.
Resource
Management
Managing public lighting and natural resources
Environment Using technology to protect and better manage
environmental resources and related infrastructure.
Transport,
Mobility and
Logistics
Optimizing logistics and transportation in urban
areas by taking into account traffic conditions and
energy consumption.
Office and
Residential
Building
Adopting sustainable building technologies to
create living and working environments with
reduced resources.
Health Care
Using ICT and remote assistance to prevent and
diagnose diseases and deliver the healthcare
service.
Public Security
Helping public organizations to protectcitizens’
integrity and their goods.

13. DOMAIN OBJECTIVES
IMPROVEMENT
REQUIRED
Education
and Culture
Capitalizing system education policy,
creating more opportunities for students and
teachers using ICT tools.
Social Inclusion
and Welfare
Making tools available to reduce barriers in
social learning and participation, improving
the quality of life, especially for the elder
and disabled.
Public and
E-Government
Promoting digitized public administration,
E-ballots and ICT-based transparency of
government activities.
Economy
Facilitating innovation, entrepreneurship,
and integrating the city in national and
global markets.
Table-1.7: Smart City Objectives

14.  STRATEGY, SELECTION AND CHALLENGES OF SMART CITY
2.1 STRATEGY:
The strategic components of Developments in Smart Cities are:-
 AREA BASED DEVELOPMENT
 PANCITY
2.1.1 AREA BASED DEVELOPMENT:
The Area based Development models are explained given below:
.1.1.1 RETROFITTING:
Development of an existing built area greater than 500 acres so as to
achieve the objective of smart cities mission to make it more efficient
and livable.
E.g.-Local Area Development, Ahmedabad
.1.1.2 RE-DEVELOPMENT:
Replace existing built environment in an area of more than 50 acres and
enable co-creation of a new layout, especially enhanced infrastructure,
mixed land use and increased density.
E.g.-East Kidwai Nagar, New-Delhi
Fig-2.1.1.2: Proposed Layout: Kidwai Nagar
RETROFITTINGRE-DEVELOPMENT
GREEN FIELD
RETRO-FITTING

15. SALIENT FEATURE SMART FEATURE
 Self-sustainable model with social
infrastructure such as Parks,
Jogging Track.
 Open area over 76% including
Lush Green cover in place of
Existing 28% open area.
 Vehicles free Residential Zone.
 Underground Parking
 Water Waste Management Plant.
 Solar Lightening System.
 Solid and Waste Mgmt. System.
 Rain Water Harvesting System.
 Bio-Digester Toilet.
 Zero-Landfill Area.
2.1.1.3GREENFIELD:
Develop a previously vacant area of more than 250 acres using innovative
planning, plan financing and plan implementation tools with provision for
affordable housing, especially for the poor. Greenfield developments are
required around cities in order to address the needs of the expanding
population.
E.g.-GIFT City, Gujarat
GIFT is planned as a financial Central Business District (CBD) between
Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar as a Greenfield development. GIFT shall be
a part of the future urban complex of Ahmedabad & Gandhinagar. GIFT
is designed as a hub for the global financial services sector. More
particularly, state-of-the-art connectivity, infrastructure and transportation
access have been integrated into the design of the city.
The vision for GIFT is achieved through the objectives which are
enumerated as follows:
 To develop a new format for globally benchmarked Integrated City
 To propose a road map for fast track development and implementation
 To make the city scalable in each & every aspect for a distant future
 To derive the city format from fast changing lifestyles & new
technologies

16. Fig-2.1.1.3: Proposed layout: GIFT City
COMPONENTS OF AREA BASED DEVELOPMENT:
 Holistic Development of Existing and New areas:
 One area catalyzes the development of other area.
 Sets an example of Other Cities.
 Qualities of Life in area meets citizens expectation and it includes all
the smart city features as explained in section-1.5
2.1.1 PAN-CITY:
Pan-City is applicable to Entire City. It’s a strategic components of Smart
City in which Smart Solutions are introduced to make infrastructure and
Service Better.
E.g. - Bhopal City
In a short span of six months Bhopal has rolled out “Six crucial Pan City
Interventions” that harness ICT to put citizens at the centre of governance.
The projects are:
 Bhopal Plus Mobile App
 Intelligent Street Light
 Intelligent Traffic Management System
 Solar Panel
 GIS

17. 2.2 SMART CITY SELECTIONS:
Each aspiring city competes for selection as a smart city in what is called a ‘City
Challenge’. There are two stages in the selection process:
SELECTION PROCESS:
 The city selection process is based on the idea of Co-operatives and
Competition Federalism.
 Cities are diverse-Each city has to consider its idea and vision of a
smart city that is aligned to its local context.
 The Selection process follows a Challenge method:-
 Stage-I-Intra State City Selection on Objective criteria to
identify cities to compete in Stage-II
 Stage-II-All India Competition to select Smart Cities for
multiple rounds of competition.
2.2.1 STAGE-I-Shortlisting by States
Fig-2.2.1: Selection of Smart City: Stage-I
The cities emerging successful in the first round of competition will be sent
by the State/UT as the recommended shortlist of smart cities to MoUD by the
stipulated date. The MoUD will thereafter announce the list of 100 smart
cities.
Short listing the potential Smart Cities on the basis
of precedent and scoring Criteria
An intra-state Competition to select proposed
Smart Cities
The Selected City will be Shortlisted as Smart
Cities

18. 2.2.1.1 PROPOSAL FOR STAGE-II
Each City has to develop its own idea of a smart city visions and submit
a Smart City Proposal during the All India Competition.
The proposal by the short listed city has to:-
 Contain a retro-fitting or re-development or green field or a mix of pan-
City features with Smart City Solutions.
Area based Development should include some essential elements.
2.2.2 STAGE-II-City Selection Criteria
Fig-2.2.2: Smart City Selection: Stage-II
The 100 shortlisted potential smart cities are
selected through an Inter-State Competition
The 100 selected cities prepare their proposals for
all India Competitions with capacity assistance.
Based on Stage-II Criteria, The national and
International Organization evaluates the results.
Winners Declared for Round-I
Winners’ set-up SPV and
start implementation.
Preparation of Detailed
Project Report, Tenders.
Non-Winners prepare to
improve their proposal
for Round -2

19. 2.3 CHALLENGES OF SMART CITIES:
The concept of smart cities has its challenges, especially in India. For instance, the
success of such a city depends on residents, entrepreneurs, and visitors becoming
actively involved in energy saving and introduction of new Technologies.
Few of the challenges of Smart Cities are included below:-
2.3.1 MOBILITY:
1.Migration of Population to Urban locations for jobs:
Migration from one area to another in search of improved livelihoods
is a key feature of human history. While some regions and sectors fall
behind in their capacity to supportpopulations, others move ahead and
people migrate to access these emerging opportunities.
Industrialization widens the gap between rural and urban areas,
inducing a shift of the workforce towards industrializing areas.
Moreover, numerous studies show that the process of migration is
influenced by social, cultural, and economic factors and outcomes can
be vastly different for men and women, for different groups, and
different locations.
2.Education:
Rural areas, by and large, lack educational facilities, especially those
of higher education and rural people have to migrate to the urban
centres for this purpose. Many of them settle down in the cities for
earning a livelihood after completing their education.
2.3.2 TRANSPORT:
City efficiency largely depends upon the effectiveness of its transport
systems, that is, efficacy with which people and goods are moved throughout
the city. Poor transport systems stifle economic growth and development, and
the net effect may be a loss of competitiveness in both domestic as well as
international markets. Although Indian cities have lower vehicle ownership
rate, number of vehicles per capita, than their counterparts in developed
countries, they suffer from worse congestion, delay, pollution, and accidents
than cities in the industrialized world.
Few of the major challenges in India are listed below:
 Vehicular growth and availability of transport infrastructure.
 Vehicular emission, congestion, and road safety issues.
 Policy measures to improve urban transportation in India.

20. 2.3.3 ENERGYMANAGEMENT:
The level of energy waste in India has been on the rise, underscoring the need
for the government and other stakeholders to address issues of sustainable
development. India has the world’s fourth largest electricity installed
capacity, according to the Ministry of Urban Development’s 2014 Concept
Note on Smart City. Yet, it continues to be a country with scarce electricity
distribution. Here, smart grids can be a good way of bringing in
transformative operations.
Few of the major Challenges are listed below:
 The old traditional system lacks good financial planning resulting in
losses due to poor revenue collection methods.
 The system is also ageing with poorly maintained infrastructure, such
as transmission lines.
2.3.4 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY:
A common infrastructure pool that allows the creation of a truly
interconnected system with seamless communication between the services.
Better ICT improves efficiency and the quality of life of its citizens.
Challenges:
 All resources and information generated by the city from different
sources, systems and services distributed in different departments,
region and their respective information system.
 Technology challenges.
 The main barrier to adopting such solution is the complexity of how
cities are operated, financed, regulated and planned.
 Rapid urbanization adds pressure to the resource base and increase
demand of water, energy and sanitation and as well as public Services,
education and health care.
2.3.5 LAND ACQUISITION:
The issue of land acquisition in the region further complicates matters. The
absence of a regulated land tenure system in most parts of the region means
that acquiring tribal land for development will be a tedious task. While many
factors of the scheme for selection of smart cities in India doesn’t match the
geographic, economic, and geographic profile in north-eastern states, the
scheme will have minimal role in implementing smart cities in the region.

21. 3. SMART CITY:
IMPACT ON URBAN MOBILITY & PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
3.1 SMART TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM:
Smart Transportation system is an emerging transportation system which is
comprised of advanced information and telecommunications network for users,
roads and vehicles.
Smart Transportation uses an integrated application of advanced technologies
using Electronics, Computers, Communication and advanced sensors. These
applications provide travellers with important information while improving the
safety and efficiency of the transportation system.
Fig-3.1: Salient Features of Smart Transportation
PEOPLE
VEHICLEROADS
SMART
TRANSPORTATION

22. Transportation is a key pillar for quality of life in a city. India needs a balanced
focus in terms of improving/extending transportation infrastructure and leveraging
smart technology solutions. Government of India is investing in various national/
state/ local initiatives to improve public transportation; there is also need to
leverage Smart Technology Solutions to quickly improve efficiency/capacity of
public transportation and to create high quality public transportation system.
3.1.1 NECESSITY FOR PROMOTING SMART TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM:
The necessity for promoting smart transportation system:
1. Overcrowded road network
2. Poor Traffic Management
3. Road Safety Concerns
4. Inadequate capacity of public transportation.
5. To Co-ordinate various Transport mode
6. To promote a green and sustainable Environment.
7. Poor Road Condition
8. Parking issues
Challenges for promoting Smart Transportation System:
Poor Public Transport
Infrastructure
Inadequate Public Transport
Costof Installing Infrastructure
Transport Emission
And Air Quality
Green-House Gas Emission
Implementation of Emission Norms in
vehicle
Usage of Electric Vehicles
Inadequately Implemented
of ITS
Inadequate setups for Electronic toll
collection and traffic monitoring
Fewer Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS) & multi-level Parking
Systems
Table-3.1.1: Smart Transportation: Challenges
Benefits of Smart Transportation:
1. Time Saving
2. Better Emergency Response time and Services
3. Reduce Crash and Fatalities
4. Energy and Environmental Benefits
5. Increased Customer Satisfaction.

23. 3.1.2 ELEMENTS OF SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATION:
The elements of a Smart Urban Transport System are depicted below:
Fig-3.1.2: Elements of Smart Urban Transportation
MOBILITY
Ability of People to move, support a descent
quality of life and Buoyant Economy.
It includes the transport Infrastructures and
services that facilitates the Interactions.
SUSTAINABLITY
Refers to a system that supports social connectivity
and economic prosperity in a fair and equitable
manner, without presenting risk to local or global
environment quality and resource use
SMART
‘Smart’ implies a connected, technology enabled
environment where the Power of a digital assests
and information is leveraged to manage city
service and improve citizen quality of Life.

24. 3.2 PUBLIC TRANSPORTIN SMART CITIES:
Overview of Public Transportation System in Smart Cities:
Fig-3.2: Smart City: Public Transportation
Benefits which are included for Public Transportin Smart Cities:
1. Bi-cycle Sharing System:
Service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on
a very short-term basis. It will also reflect how many bikes and how many
open docks are available at each station, increasing convenience for users.
Fig-3.2(i): Bi-Cycle Sharing System

25. 2. GPS Enabled Efficient Transportation System:
Geospatial-enabled services provide periodic traffic forecast, journey
planning mobile applications based on real-time data, etc.
Fig-3.2(ii): GPS Enabled Transportation System
3. Dynamic Car Pooling/Car-Sharing:
Carpooling applications link drivers and passengers in real-time, thus
enabling dynamic carpooling. Passengers can also directly debit his or her
fare to app, eliminating the need for any money exchange.
4. Integrated Transit Hub:
Integrated transport hubs seamlessly connect multiple modes of
transportation like bus system, metro system, etc.
5. Public Transport Surveillance:
As the public transit population grows, it becomes increasingly important to
launch surveillance system on the public transport to secure public
transportation. The administrators can monitor the public transport remotely
and take action against any accidents/incidents.
Fig-3.2(iii): Public Transport Surveillance System

26. 6. Road User Charging:
Road user charges are direct charges levied for the use of roads, including
road tolls, distance or time-based fees, congestion charges and charges
designed to discourage use of certain classes of vehicle, fuel sources or more
polluting vehicles. These charges help to reduce peak hour travel and the
associated traffic congestion or other social and environmental negative
externalities associated with road travel such as air pollution, greenhouse gas
emissions, and visual intrusion, noise and road travel such as air pollution,
greenhouse gas emissions, and visual intrusion, noise and road accidents. It
can be leveraged in certain busy areas to discourage private transport usage.
Fig-3.2(iv): Road User Charging
7. Single Fare Card:
Single fare card for fare payment on the various participating public
transportation system. The cards can be recharged by mobile
applications/internet/retail outlets. Potential extension of the cards could also
be for street parking.
8. Smart Parking:
A smart parking leverage parking sensors, cameras, smart parking solution,
etc. to provide efficient management of on street and off street parking
spaces.
Fig-3.2(v): Smart Parking System

27. 9. Smart Traffic Light:
Smart traffic lights leverages technology to sense traffic condition to tune
traffic lights which enable smooth flow of traffic.
10.Freight ICT Service:
Freight ICT applications can help save time and energy by improving the
efficiency of freight vehicle operations including processes at entry and exit
and making better use of the freight network. ICT brings the potential for
virtually unlimited data collection, greatly enhanced predictive capabilities,
and real-time, dynamic decision-making and implementation which lead to
a more efficient freight system based on completely visible and accessible
physical and digital Network.
11.Electric Vehicles:
Support electricity and renewable energy operated cars with the required
infrastructure. Make a few cities as pilot for "Plug-in" ready cities by
facilitating the expansion of a Public Electric Vehicle (EV) infrastructure
that ensures the safe, reliable, and efficient integration of EV charging loads
with the power grid.
Fig-3.2(vi): Electric Vehicle

28. 3.3 SMART CITY MOBILITY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
100% battery-driven electrical vehicles (EVs) are the ultimate goal of the vehicle
alternative power train development over the next 15-20 years. The focus is
towards fuel efficiency and reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Hence
electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (dual fuel) and fuel cell vehicles seem to
be the future of vehicle technology.
In India dual-fuel vehicles running on petrol/diesel and CNG are becoming
popular. In the electric vehicle segment, brands like Mahindra, Toyota and BMW
have created a presence in Indian market.6 Indian Government has developed a
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 which proposes to incentivise
adoption of green vehicles and facilitate domestic manufacturing capability in
automobile sector. As part of the Foreign Trade Policy, Government is providing
subsidy in the form of exemption of duties on parts of green vehicles. The Indian
market for electric vehicles is still nascent as the challenge is to augment charging
infrastructure in big cities immediately to promote migration to electric vehicles.
It has been projected that electric vehicles could account for close to 5% of the
Indian car market, or 175,000 cars, by 2017, while the global market for the
vehicles could reach about 20 million cars by 2020.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE ECO-SYSTEM:
Fig-3.3: Electric Vehicle Ecosystem

29. 3.3.1 POLICYPROMOTING ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA:
The Department of Heavy Industry, Government of India has constituted a
National Council on Electric Mobility (NCEM) and a National Board on
Electric Mobility (NBEM) to take forward electric mobility and manufacturing
of EVs, including hybrids, in India. They would also look at ensuring that their
components are also manufactured in India. NCEM and NBEM are headed by
Minister of Heavy Industry and Public Enterprises and Secretary, Department of
Heavy Industry, respectively. The National Automotive Board would serve as
the technical advisor to both the NCEM and NBEM.
Their roles and composition are described in further details below:
3.3.1.1 NationalCouncil for Electric Mobility (NCEM):
NCEM is a Government body made up of 18 members including 8
Cabinet Ministers. This has been approved to be the apex body in
deciding matters relating to EV mobility. The Council comprises of
Ministers from key Central Ministries and Departments along with
eminent representatives from the industry and academia. It would be
chaired by the Minister of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises. The
NCEM has adopted the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020
(NEMMP 2020) which lays the vision and sets the targets for National
Mission for Electric Mobility (NMEM).
3.3.1.2 National Board for Electric Mobility (NBEM):
The National Board for Electric Mobility (NBEM) has been approved to
be set up under the Department of Heavy Industry to aid the NCEM. It
will consist of 25 members, comprising of secretaries of stakeholder
Central Ministries/Departments with representation from industry and
academia. The board will be headed by joint secretary, Department of
Heavy Industries. Both the Government agencies will be supported by
NATRiP Implementation Society (NATIS) currently, until National
Automotive Board (NAB) is created.
3.3.1.3 National Automotive Board (NAB):
The National Automotive Board (NAB), after its formation is envisioned
to be the technical advisor and secretariat for both the NCEM and
NBEM. This board will be responsible for acting as facilitator between
the Government and the industry and will promote R&D activities in the
sector. The members would be from the Department of Heavy Industry,
Planning Commission and from various ministries, including Road
Transport and Highways, Science and Technology, and Environment and
Forests besides representatives from the academia and the industry. The
NAB would be made self sufficient with funds made available from the
Automotive Cess administered by the Development Council for Auto
and Allied Industries, under the Department of Heavy Industry.

30. 3.3.1.4 Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicle (FAME):
The government adopted FAME policy to promote faster switch to
electric, hybrid and other green vehicles in order to reduce India’s
dependence on largely imported fossil fuels and improve environment by
reducing vehicular pollution. The National Electric Mobility Mission
Plan target is to have at least seven million e-vehicles on Indian roads by
2020. The Centre plans to reduce VAT and road tax to the minimum on
green vehicles with active participation of State Government.
 Incentives announced under FAME, INDIA
Vehicle Segment Min. Incentive (INR) Max. Incentive (INR)
2-Wheeler Scooter 1,800 2,200
Motor Cycle 3,500 29,000
3-Wheeler 3,300 61,000
4-Wheeler 1,100 1,38,000
LCVs 1,700 66,00,000
Table-3.3.1.4: Incentives under FAME, India.
 Concessions in custom duties:
 Exemption of basic customs duty on lithium ion automotive
battery.
 Exemption of customs duty on parts of hybrid and electric
vehicles.
 Concessional excise duty of 6% to specified parts.
 Excise duty reduced to 10% in latest interim budget.
 State Level Incentives:
 Exemption of VAT
 VAT waiver for window
 Reduction in VAT
 Challenges and barrier to growth of Electric Vehicle:
 India does not have Lithium ion reserves to support a large
domestic market for electric vehicles.
 Lack of clear policies for supporting the growth of supply,
manufacturing and recycling of batteries.
 Safety concerns / perceptions around electric vehicles.
 Poor Infra-structure establishment for Electric Vehicle.

31. 3.3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE:
While there are a number of bottlenecks in EV adoption, and R&D is being
conducted by automobile manufacturers and research organisations to address
them, one major issue that must be addressed urgently is the integration of
appropriate charging infrastructure for EVs, before a rapid expansion in EV
numbers can happen.
3.3.2.1 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE:
There have been plans in the past to develop a network of charging
stations in various areas of the country. In 2010, the Delhi Government
announced that it would provide a network of charging stations in the city,
but only after several EVs were ready for launch in the country. This
reflects one of the problems with EVs in general: infrastructure
developers are reluctant to invest in this area until there is a sizable
population of EVs on the roads, while vehicle manufacturers are unwilling
to launch their models in India due to the lack of charging stations.
Some manufacturers have tried to address this issue by taking up the
challenge of developing charging infrastructure themselves. Electrotherm
India Ltd., for instance, stated in 2010 that they would collaborate with
local garage owners within a radius of 3 kilometres of major cities like
Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore and Ahmedabad for installing
charging stations. A similar plan was also articulated by Hero Electric,
with the aim of setting up 10,000 charging stations by the end of 2009-10.
However, involvement of the Government appears to be necessary, at
least in the early stages, given the investment of approximately INR 2
lakhs required for setting up a single charging station. A welcome
initiative in this regard is the plan of New-Delhi Municipal Corporation
(NDMC) to set up 100 charging stations in Delhi in the near future.
Fig-3.3.2.1: Electric Vehicle: Charging Station

32. SMART GRIDS:
A smart grid is generally defined as an intelligent electricity distribution
network that is supplied by a diverse range of energy resources. A smart
grid may either be connected to a conventional grid or be isolated and
supply to a localised load only. A smart grid is an application of digital
information and communication technology (ICT) and uses advanced
sensing, communication and control technologies to optimise electrical
power generation and delivery within the domain of the grid. A smart grid
allows dynamic communication and balancing of the electrical network,
thus minimising losses and increasing the stability of the grid.
For Electric Vehicles to not threaten India's power situation, it is
imperative that any charging infrastructure is not overly dependent on grid
supply. Decentralised electricity generation at the charging outlets is
therefore the need of the hour. Any decentralised generation will,
therefore, have to be based on renewable energy. Renewable energy
sources, of course, have their own set of problems. Primary among these
is the intermittent and unreliable nature of the generation. To ensure that a
steady supply of electricity is available, a storage system will be
necessary, perhaps along with a diversification in the sources, with more
than one renewable energy source being utilised. Synchronisation of all
the different sources with each other, and also with the varying load
imposed by the charging outlets, in real time, is a challenge that requires
the use of smart grids.
Fig-3.3.2.1(i): Smart Grids

33. 3.3.2.2 REQUIREMENT FOR SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT:
A smart grid dedicated to EV charging, and one that relies primarily on
renewable energy for supply, and is capable of absorbing electricity back
from the vehicles, is the way forward. Land requirement for installation of
these grids is also likely to be more extensive than for simple charging
outlets, with the charging stations possibly being placed at locations far
away from the points of generation. The desirability of off peak EV
charging, coupled with the relatively long charging times, means that it
will be most convenient for consumers to charge their vehicles at home,
therefore, the smart grids must be integrated into residential areas, which
means that property developers are stakeholders for smart grid
deployment. However, the problem of 'range anxiety' among EV owners
means that an extensive network of charging outlets near highways is also
necessary, bringing highway development authorities into the picture.
Connectivity to the main grid, and metering, especially for V2G (Vehicle
to Grid), requires careful planning on the part of the national electricity
authorities, with test projects perhaps being required before wider
implementation.
Fig-3.3.2.2: Schematic Diagram of Smart Grid

34. 4.ROLE OF MULTIX TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN
TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY IN SMART CITY
4.1 ABOUT MULTIX:
The Eicher Polaris Multix is a personal utility vehicle manufactured by Eicher
Motors and Polaris India. Multix is promoted by its manufacturer as "India's first
personal utility vehicle", able to be used as a people carrier, a cargo carrier and
also a power generator.
Fig-4.1: Multix
4.2 SPECIALITY ABOUT MULTIX:
There are many reasons why the vehicle Multix is special, the reasons are as
follows:
 As mentioned above, the name Multix itself states that it’s a multi-purpose
vehicle. From Passenger carrier to Cargo carrier to Power generation, it
multiplies utility like no other vehicle.
Passenger carrier Seating capacity 5
Cargo Carrier Boot Space* 418/1918* Ltr
Power Generation X-PORT 3KW
*
Boot space increasedto1918Ltr by foldingtheRear Seat.
Table-4.2: Multix: Feature
 It’s a tailor made multi-utility especially made for Indian condition, made
with a ground clearance of 172mm and with excellent full efficiency of 28
kmpl. With such a high ground clearance of 172 mm, it can provide a
smooth ride ability and better comfort during driving on rough Indian roads
and also with such a fuel economy, it saves a lot of money.
 Another speciality of the vehicle is the power take-off unit that helps Multix
generate 3 kilowatts of electricity so that you can power your home, water
pumps, music systems, winnowing fans, chaff cutters and other essential
machinery. It’s not just a vehicle, it’s a powerhouse.

35. Fig-4.2: Multix X-port Operation
4.3 CONTRIBUTION OF MULTIX IN FUTURE SMART TRANSPORTATION:
After explaining all the characteristic feature of Multix, now our main objective
lies with how the vehicle, Multix can contribute in developing a smart mobility and
smart transportation in smart city.
The future of smart transportation and mobility will lies with Electric Vehicle.
Thus Multix as an electric vehicle can provide an effective smart solution to the
smart city: transportation and mobility and also it will provide an effective solution
to the growing environmental problems.
As we have seen in Sec-3.2: Public Transportation in Smart Cities which gives us a
clear idea, how public transportation going to operate in a smart city. Under public
road transportation we have got several assist/transit points between metros, rail
connections. Hence, Multix, electric vehicle can provide an effective solution to
transit between two or more metro station.
Though Multix is an electric vehicle and hence it will have a limited range but this
problem can be sorted by the EV charging infrastructure which would be installed
at various location say street, parking lot, Gas Station which will help the vehicle
to recharge itself after periodic interval of time and thus maintain the better
operating range of the vehicle.

36. 5. SMART CITY INITIATIVE WORLD WIDE
5.1 SMART CITY SCENARIOS:WORLD WIDE
World urbanization continues to grow and with the total population expected to
double by 2050, there exists an increased demand for intelligent, sustainable
environments that reduce environmental impact and offer citizens a high quality
life.
According to HIS Technology Report, annual investment on Smart City projects
will rise from the current $1 billion to $12 billion in 2025. Navigant Research
forecasts global Smart City technology revenue will grow from $8.8 billion
annually in 2014 to $27.5 billion in 2023, while Frost & Sullivan expects the
global Smart City market to be valued at $1.565 trillion in 2020.
The Top 10 smart cities around the world are:
1. Vienna 6. . Tokyo
2. Toronto 7. Berlin
3. Paris 8. Copenhagen
4. New York 9. Hong Kong
5. London 10.Barcelona
Table-4.1: List of Top 10 Smart Cities
5.2 SMART CITY: EUROPEAN SCENARIO
Examining EU-28 cities with at least 100,000 residents, 240 (51%) have
implemented or proposed Smart City initiatives. Although almost half of European
Smart City has 100,000 to 200,000 inhabitants, this is only 43% of this size
category, whilst almost 90% of cities over 500,000 inhabitants are Smart City.
There is Smart City in all EU-28 countries, but these are not evenly distributed.
Countries with the largest numbers are the UK, Spain, and Italy, although the
highest percentages are in Italy, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, and
Slovenia.
Europe’s global competitors among the emerging economies are pursuing large
Smart City programmes. More than half of the world’s population lives in cities;
this rises to over two-thirds in EU-28 and the proportion is growing. High-density
city populations increase strains on energy, transportation, water, buildings, and
public spaces, so solutions need to be found that are ‘smart’, that are, both highly
efficient and sustainable on the one hand as well as generating economic prosperity
and social wellbeing on the other.
Smart City initiatives are spread across all six characteristics, but most frequently
focus on Smart Environment and Smart Mobility.

37. The number of Smart City in the EU presenting the six Smart City characteristics
Fig-4.2: Graph showing number of Smart city with Smart City Characteristics
Fig-4.2(i): Identified Smart Cities in Europe Fig-4.2(ii): Total number of Smart Cities in Europe

38. 5.3 COMPARISON OF SMART CITYAROUND THE WORLD:
Smart cities have lately not been limited to ICTs, but and are focussed on
enhancing urban life regarding six dimensions: people, government, economy,
mobility, environment, and living. More than 150 Smart City cases can be
observed around the world, which can be classified in: (i) existing cities in to
Smart City; (ii) hard ICT infrastructure focussed cases; and (iii) soft ICT
infrastructures in the urban space. Since there is no clear Smart City approach yet,
there have been several attempts by international organizations to standardize
Smart City solutions, such as for smart water, energy, transportation, buildings, etc.
SEOUL SAN FRANCISCO AMSTERDAM
Total Area, km2 605.4 600.6 219.4
Population 10,528,774 808,977 790,654
Households 4,192,752 780,971 400,000
Global Urban
Competitiveness
9th 6th 27th
Global Cities Index 8th 17th 26th
Fixed Broadband
penetration, %
36 27.3 38.5
Crime/Disaster
Prevention, %
9 17 2
Smart Environment, % 5 15 19
Transportation, % 20 35 15
Advanced Intelligent
Technology, %
37.5 26.5 13.2
Uni-directional GPS
Service
29.7 55.9 43.4
Medical/Welfare/Healing,
%
8 _ 4
Environment, % 5 15 19
Public Administration, % 13 12 22
Transportation, % 20 35 15
Job Creation, % 3 3 4
Civic Engagement, % 1.6 23.5 18.9
Table-4.3: Comparison of Smart Cities: Seoul, San Francisco and Amsterdam

39. 5.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPACT GENERIC OF SMART CITY SOLUTIONS:
Solution and
Category
Smart City
Solutions
Where
implemented
Impacts
Transport
and Mobility
Smart Cycling Plans
Copenhagen
Paris
London
CO2 Emission Reduction,
Healthy Living
Intelligent
Multi-Modal Transport
Copenhagen
London
Glasgow
Dublin
CO2 Emission Reduction,
Increased Public Transport
and Competitiveness
Smart
Traffic Flow System
Barcelona,
Eindhoven
CO2 Emission Reduction
Enhanced Traffic Flow
Building
Technologies
Smart Building
Technology and
Management
Amsterdam
Helsinki
Bremen
Red. Energy Consumption,
Red. CO2 Consumption,
Awareness
Smart City Lightening
Barcelona,
Milan
Red. Energy Consumption,
Red. CO2 Consumption,
Safety
Smart
Governance
Smart Open
Services platform
Barcelona
Helsinki
Copenhagen
Malmo
Dublin
Reduced CO2, jobs
Economic growth
Local integrated
sustainability
initiatives
Amsterdam
Barcelona
Cologne
Red. Energy Consumption,
Red. CO2 Consumption,
Fig-4.4: Characteristics and Impact Generic of Smart City Solutions

40. 6. SMART CITIES: INDIAN SCENARIO
6.1 STATUS OF INDIAN SMART PROJECT:
As per the Smart City concept, none of the cities are well prepared to be termed as
Smart City. Existing cities are facing several challenges starting from urban
governance to internet penetration. Here, we intend to carry out a comparative
analysis of status of some of the existing cities with respect to Smart City
indicators.
In Smart City concept, ICT plays a key role in integrating different components
(Figure 1.3). The data reveals that most of the cities are lacking infrastructure,
social awareness, and skills to upgrade into the Smart Cities. Further to this, while
some of the cities have ICT infrastructure, they are not utilized up to its optimum.
There need to be an effective plan or layout by the city governance and
government implementing agencies to build awareness, skills and infrastructure to
develop existing cities into future Smart Cities.
6.2 CHANGING THE EXISTING CITY INTO SMART CITY:
The idea of building 100 energy-efficient, ICT-enabled, and transit-oriented cities
sounds promising. Smart Cities India Expo has called for focus on making these
people oriented and socially inclusive because, even with excellent infrastructure,
several global cities have failed to retain people and businesses. Technology is
important but so are the economy and people. Research states 60% jobs can be
generated within these sub-cities. There can be many opportunities for
decentralized production and related services. They should act like a sponge where
money comes in and keeps circulating. There has to be a business model. It also
requires citizen’s participation in planning.
ENERGY
 Smart Grid for Electric
Supply and Monitoring.
 Use of Clean Technology
 Energy Efficient in
Transport System
TRANSPORT
 Max. Time Travel 30-45 mins
 Footpath of 2m width on
either side.
 High Freq. Mass transport
within 800 m
I.C.T
WATER MANAGEMENT
 Citizen participation and
Transparency.
 135 L per capita Water
Supply
 100 % Metering of Water
Connection
SPATIAL PLANNING
 175 people / hectare along
transit corridors
 95% homes should be access
to jobs through public
transport.

41. 6.3 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT:
The Central government’s support will be in the following forms:
6.3.1 Financial support:
Huge investments will be needed. Therefore, innovative methods of raising
revenues will have to be developed by the States and Cities, taking into
account some of the possibilities outlined earlier. These efforts will be
supplemented by the Central government through the Ministry of Urban
Development and other Ministries responsible for different sectors, such as
health, education, power, transport, IT, communications, etc., by way of
allocations specifically for the development of Smart City.
6.3.2 Policy support and legal backings:
It is recognized that urban development is a State Subject under the
Constitution of India. Yet, the Central government can play an important
supporting role in facilitating appropriate policies that provide a framework
for urbanization. While we have a National Urban Transport Policy, we do
not have a national urban policy. It would be appropriate for the Urban
Transport Policy to also fall within the framework on a National Urbanization
Policy.
6.3.3 Capacitybuilding:
Developing 100 Smart City across the country will need a large number of
professionally trained manpower and several decision support systems to be
in place. Thus, there is a need for a large capacity building programme that
encompasses training, education, contextual research, knowledge exchange,
and a rich database.
6.3.4 Approval process:
The States would be required to submit proposals for approval of the
respective satellite cities, cities of tourist and religious importance, as well as
cities in the 0.2–1.0 million population range. These proposals would be
reviewed by a committee that will be serviced by a regional multidisciplinary
Programme Management Unit (PMU) and then approved by the Central
Government, supported by the national PMU11.
Fig-5.2: ICT: Smart Features

42. 6.4 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES:
The GOI taking several steps to initiate the Smart City Development Programmes,
Some of the key Highlights are:
SMART
TRANSPORT
 Ministry of Urban Development plans to invest more than
USD 20 Billion on the metro rail projects in the coming
year.
 India’s first monorail project in Mumbai will cost around
USD 500 million of which USD 183 million has been spent
on phase I.
SMART
INFORMATION
AND
COMMUNICATION
 Broadband connections to 175 million users by 2017.
 Under the flagship ‘Safe City’ project, the Union Ministry
proposes USD 333 million to make seven big cities to focus
on technological advancement rather than manpower.
SMART
BUILDING
 India is expected to emerge as the world’s 3rd largest
construction market by 2020, by adding 11.5 million homes
every year.
 The Intelligent Building Management Systems market is
around USD 621 million and is expected to reach USD
1,891 million by 2016.
 Smart buildings will save up to 30% of water usage, 40% of
energy usage and reduction of building maintenance costs
by 10 to 30%.
SMART
GOVERNANCE
 USD 83 million allocated for Digital India Initiative.
 PPP model to be used to upgrade infrastructure in 500 urban
areas.
 Plans to develop at least two smart cities in each of India’s
29 states.
 Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development
Corporation Limited
SMART
ENERGY
 Establish smart grid test bed and smart grid knowledge
centre.
 Implementation of eight smart grid pilot projects in India
with investment of USD 10 million.
 Addition of 88,000 MW of power generation capacity in the
12th Five-Year Plan (2012–17).
 The Power Grid Corporation of India Limited has planned to
invest USD 26 billion in the next five years.
 Installation of 130 million smart meters by 2021.
SMART
ENVIRONMENT
 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has plans to add
capacity of 30,000 MW in the 12th Five-Year Plan.
 The Indian Ministry of Water Resources plans to invest
USD 50 billion in the water sector in the coming years.
 The Yamuna Action Plan Phase III project for Delhi is
approved at an estimated cost of USD 276 million.
Table-5.4: Government Initiatives for Smart Cities

43. 6.5 PROPOSED BENCHMARK:
GOI proposed benchmark for smart cities under each component:
PARAMETERS BENCHMARK
TRANSPORT
 Maximum travel time of 30 minutes in small and medium
size cities and 45 minutes in metropolitan areas.
 Continuous unobstructed footpath of minimum 2 m wide
on either side of all street with right-of-way 12 m or more.
 Dedicated and physically segregated bicycle tracks with a
width of 2 m or more, one in each direction, should be
provided on all streets with carriage way larger than 10 m
 High-quality and high-frequency mass transport within 800
m (10–15 minutes walking distance) of all residences in
areas over 175 persons/hectare of built area.
 Access to Para-transit within 300 m walking distance.
SPECIAL
PLANNING
 175 persons/hectare along transit corridors
 95% of residences should have daily needs retail, parks,
primary schools, and recreational areas accessible within
400 m walking distance.
 95% residences should have access to employment and
public and institutional services by public transport or
bicycle or walk.
 At least 20% of all residential units to be occupied by
economically weaker sections in each Transit Oriented
Development (TOD) Zone 800 m from transit stations
 At least 30% residential and 30% commercial/institutional
in every TOD Zone within 800 m of transit stations.
WATER SUPPLY
 24 × 7 supply of water
 100% household with direct water supply connections
 135 litres of per capita supply of water
 100% metering of water connections
 100% efficiency in collection of water-related charges
SEWERAGE &
SANITATION
 100% households should have access to toilets
 100% schools should have separate toilets for girls
 100% households should be connected to the waste water
network
 100% efficiency in the collection and treatment of waste
water
 100% efficiency in the collection of sewerage network
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 100% households are covered by daily door-step collection
system.
 100% collection of municipal solid waste
 100% segregation of waste at source
 100% recycling of solid waste
STORM
DRAIN WATER
 100% coverage of road network with storm water drainage network
 Aggregate number of incidents of water logging reported in a
year
 100% rainwater harvesting

44. ELECTRICITY
 100% households have electricity connection
 24 × 7 supply of electricity
 100% metering of electricity supply
 100% recovery of cost
 Tariff slabs that work towards minimizing waste
TELEPHONE
CONNECTION
 100% households have a telephone connection including
mobile
WI-FI
CONNECTIVITY
 100% of the city has Wi-Fi connectivity
 100 Mbps internet speed
TELE-MEDICINES
 Availability of telemedicine facilities to 100% residents
 30 minutes emergency response time
 1 dispensary for every 15,000 residents
 Nursing home, child welfare and maternity centre
 Intermediate hospital (Category B)—80 beds per lakh
population
 Intermediate hospital (Category A)—200 beds per lakh
population
 Multi-speciality hospital—200 beds per lakh population
PRE PRIMARY TO
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
 Area equivalent to 15% of residential area for building
hospitals
 1 pre-primary/nursery school for every 2,500 residents
 1 Primary school (class I to V) for every 5,000 residents
 1 Senior secondary school (Cass VI to XII) for every 7,500
residents
 1 Integrated school (Class I to XII) per lakh of population
 1 School for physically challenged for every 45,000
residents
 1 School for mentally challenged for per 10 lakh
population
HIGHER
EDUCATION
 1 College per 1.25 lakh population
 1 University
 1 Technical education centre per 10 lakh population
 1 Engineering college per 10 lakh population
 1 Medical college per 10 lakh population
 1 Other professional college per 10 lakh population
 Paramedical institute per 10 lakh population
 1 Veterinary institute
FIRE FIGHTING
 1 Fire station per 2 lakh population /5–7km
 1 Sub-fire station with 3–4 km radius
 Radium
OTHERS
 Use of renewable energy in all sectors
 Adherence to green building norms
 Common ducting for all services
 Double entry accounting on real-time basis
 3D maps on GIS of property and all services
 Cities to formulate building and parking standards
Fig-5.5: Proposed Benchmark for Smart Cities

45. 7 CONCLUSION
The concept of Smart City envisioned by the current Government is a much
needed and timely one. The current urban population is 1.5 billion and over a
period of time, this can reach up to 60% of total population contributing 75%
of GDP. In this context, making the city smart is both necessary and
challenging. The framework of such cities has been discussed in some details
in the preceding pages. The international comparison clearly shows that in
Europe and elsewhere, a great deal of emphasis is being put for preserving
and developing Smart City. Multidimensionality of smart cities concept
crosscutting ICT applications on transport, energy management, water
Management, healthcare, etc., is an important aspect.
In India, converting the existing congested cities into smart ones is a
formidable task. While Greenfield cities as planned along the Delhi–Mumbai
corridor are a little easier to set up, but conceptualization and implementation
of the same have to be done with a forward vision and continuous monitoring
in existing cities.
GoI has already identified possible Smart City and has asked for responses
from the State governments within the financial framework laid down for this
purpose. The concept of Smart Cities in India is an evolving one and
therefore, a great deal, as stated above, will depend upon proper formulation
and careful implementation.
Furthermore, the role of Multix in the smart city initiative: smart
transportation will play a vital role in connecting two or more transit points
and will provide a means of mobility and as well as transportation of cargo,
passengers between two or more transit location.

46. REFERENCES
[1] Link- http://smartcities.gov.in/
[2] Link- http://india.gov.in/spotlight/union-budget-2014-2015
[3] Smart Technologies and Infrastructure for Energy, Water, Transportation,
Buildings, and Government: Business Drivers, City and Supplier Profiles,
Market Analysis, and Forecasts.
[4] Smart Cities (2014) Link-www.resurgentindia.com
[5] 100 Smart cities in India Facilitating implementation, Deloitte
[6] Mapping Smart Cities in the EU (2014).
[7] Of 100 ‘smart Cities, 75 will be in 12 states, Express news service
[8] Link- http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/smart-transportation-for-smart-
cities/articleshow/48772473.cms
[9]Multix Website-Multix.in

47. ANNEXURE
 Fig-1.1- List of Smart Cities- Pg. no-1
Source-http://www.livemint.com/Politics/BRR0XB2nXth8RVKpYdheFJ/Govt-unveils-list-of-98-smart-
cities.html
 Fig-1.4: Smart City Concepts-Pg. no-4
Source-http://www.forbes.com/sites/sarwantsingh/2014/06/19/smart-cities-a-1-5-trillion-market-
opportunity/#59bacdd7ef91
 Fig-1.5: Smart City Features- Pg. no-5
 Fig-2.1.1.2: Proposed Layout: Kidwai Nagar- Pg. no-8
 Fig-2.1.1.3: Proposed layout: GIFT City- Pg. no-11
 Fig-2.2.1: Selection of Smart City: Stage-I- Pg. no-11
 Fig-2.2.2: Smart City Selection: Stage-II- Pg. no-12
 Fig-3.1: Salient Features of Smart Transportation- Pg. no-15
 Fig-3.1.2: Elements of Smart Urban Transportation- Pg. no-17
 Fig-3.2: Smart City: Public Transportation- Pg. no-18
Fig-3.3: Electric Vehicle Ecosystem- Pg. no-22
Source-Mahindra REVA
 Fig-3.3.2.1: Electric Vehicle: Charging Station- Pg. no-25
25
 Fig-3.3.2.1(i): Smart Grids- Pg. no-26
 Fig-3.3.2.2: Schematic Diagram of Smart Grid- Pg. no-27
 Fig-4.1:Multix- Pg. no-28
Source-http://www.multix.in/MX.html
Source-http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/Smart%20City%20Features.pdf
Source-http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/govt-to-redevelop-4-staff-housing-
estates/article3345984.ece
Source- http://giftgujarat.in/masterplan/zones-delineation.aspx
Source-http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/Process%20of%20Selection.pdf
Source-http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/Process%20of%20Selection.pdf
Source- http://urbanmobilityindia.in/Upload/Conference/d0fb8bad-c35e-4418-b2a9-0bc7b78b45fa.pdf
Source-http://urbanmobilityindia.in/Upload/Conference/d0fb8bad-c35e-4418-b2a9-0bc7b78b45fa.pdf
Source-http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/smart-transportation-for-smart-
cities/articleshow/48772473.cms
Source-http://www.plugandgonow.com/what-were-doing/past-projects/
Source-http://www.sissolarventures.com/EV_Electric_Vehicle.php
Source-http://www.seminarsonly.com/electronics/Vehicle-to-Grid%20V2G.jpg

48.  Fig-4.2: Multix X-Port Operation- Pg. no-29
Source- http://www.multix.in/why-multix.html
 Fig-5.2: Graph showing number of Smart city with Smart City Characteristics-31
Source-smartcities.at
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