The document provides an overview of the methodology used to develop a smart attendance system using QR codes with SMS notifications. It describes the initial planning phase where the project idea was developed. In the planning phase, goals, problem statements, and objectives were identified. An analysis phase involved understanding requirements by researching related works. In the design phase, models like context diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, and data flow diagrams were created to design the system interfaces and database. The system design and modeling section explained the framework and diagrams to ensure an easy development process.

1. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
This section is the introduction of report for the developed system. It will
equip the basic overview of the whole system. This chapter present about the
project background, problem statement, objectives, scope and limitation of works.
The general information regarding the system will be stated in background section
of the report. The objectives state the main goal of the system meanwhile the scope
reveals who the user of the system and what the users can do. Lastly, the limitation
of works state the limit of the system and what is not covered in this system.

2. 1.2 Project Background
Nowadays, technology is really influential and it is the core elements in almost
educational institutions. They started to initiate the organization with technology. Usually,
the institutions used manual process for recording the attendance by using paper and pen.
It was one approach that has been used in almost institutions even the process seems
slow and unproductive.
This system will help facilitate attendance information of a particular student in a
particular class and it is under the supervision of lecturers to generate the QR Code and
to collect data of the attendance. Besides helping the educators, the system may also
notify the parents weekly regarding the student attendance and it is an alternative
solutions to avoid the students from play truant and trying to cheat on their attendance
by asking friends to put initial on the attendance sheet.

3. 1.3 Problem Statement
Most of the attendance system is used manually which every student needs to sign the
attendance sheet paper and the lecturer needs to print new attendance sheet every week.
Some problems with this manual system are:
I. Record of student attendance are done manually by using attendance sheet during
class session.
II. The attendance sheet could be lost and it gives opportunity for students to cheat their
attendance.
III. Students play truant and parents did not notify their children’s attendance for classes.

4. 1.4 Objective
The main objectives for this project are:
I. To design an efficient computerized attendance system to be used for lecturers,
students and parents.
II. To implement the system to facilitate the lecturers managing student’s attendance.
III. To evaluate the effectiveness of the system in order to notify parents regarding the
student’s attendance.

5. 1.5 Scope
The general scope for this project is to manage the process of taking
attendance.
I. Admin
a. Has privileges to control and manage all lecturer, student and parent
management.
II. Lecturer
a. Lecturer may login the system which username and password provided
by admin.
b. Lecturer can edit, update and take attendance of the class.
c. Lecturer can view the attendance list of the students and generate the
report.
III. Student
a. Student needs to login the system which username and password
provided by admin.
b. Student can update the profile or register their parent information.
IV. Parent
a. Parents can login to the system which username and password provided
by admin.
b. Parents may receive weekly attendance report via sms notifications and
online system.

6. 1.6 Limitation of Work
There are no devices provided for this system and the possibility for difficulties will occur for the system to notify the
weekly report if the parent stays abroad and not set the number for international caller.
1.7 Expected Result
• The system able to manage student attendance record efficiently.
• The system able to facilitate lecturers to collect data and information.
• The system notifies the attendance record for parents effectively.

7. 1.8 Definition of Term
Attendance
Attendance is the concept of people, individually or as a group, appearing at a location for a previously scheduled event.
Measuring attendance is a significant concern for many organizations, which can use such information to gauge the
effectiveness of their efforts and to plan for future efforts.
QR CODE
A QR code (an initialism for quick response code) is a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional
barcode)[1][2] invented in 1994 by the Japanese automotive company Denso Wave.[3][4] A barcode is a
machine-readable optical label that can contain information about the item to which it is attached. In
practice, QR codes often contain data for a locator, identifier, or tracker that points to a website or
application.
SMS
SMS (Short Message Service) is a text messaging service component of most telephone, Internet,
and mobile device systems. It uses standardized communication.

8. CHAPTER 2
Review of RELATED Literature
An Automated Attendance System in Academia with Implicit Authentication via
Mobile Devices and Wi-Fi Connection Billy Susanto Panca, Yansen Paulus, Oscar
Karnalim Computer Science Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng. 2020.
TLDR An automated attendance system with implicit authentication, based on the
connection between the attendees' mobile devices and the Wi-Fi network, is proposed,
which is almost 100% accurate in recording staff attendance.

9. Biometric-Based Attendance Tracking System for Education Sectors: A Literature
Survey on Hardware Requirements Seng Chun Hoo, H. Ibrahim Computer
Science J. Sensors 2019
TLDR This literature survey provides an overview of the types of hardware used in the
setting-up of biometric-based attendance systems and places emphasis on the
microcontroller platform, biometric sensor, communication channel, database storage, and
other components in order to assist future researchers in designing the hardware part of
Biometric- based attendance systems.

10. A Student Attendance Management Method Based on Crowdsensing in
Classroom Environment Zhigang Gao, Yucai Huang, +7 authors Jinglong Fang
Computer Science IEEE Access 2021
TLDR Experimental comparisons and analyses show that AMMoC has the advantages
of good anti-cheating performance, fast speed, and little disturbance to class, and is
suitable for attendance checking applications in classroom environment.

11. CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.2.2 Project Methodology
In this method, there are a few phases of software development. Each phase has its own specific task
and purpose. The explanation of each phase are described in the following subsection

12. 3.2.3 Initial Planning
In this phase, it begins with brainstorming session with the supervisor to come up with the idea and the title for the
proposed project. The proposed project were listed and finally title have been decided which is Smart Attendance
System using QR Code with SMS Notifications. During this phase, the problem of the system was identified before
proceed to next phase.
3.2.4 Planning Phase
This phase is the first stage where the specific goals were identified. This planning
process includes the detailed overview of each goal, including the reason for its
selection and the outcomes of goal system. Then, the discussion continues with the
supervisor in order to reveal the problem statements, objectives and the scope based on
user requirements.

13. Analysis Phase
• During analysis phase, all the requirements was analyzed and the problems fully
understood. The information from related journal, papers and existing system was gathered
to have a better understanding in developing the system. This phase does not include any
building or prototyping. All the questions were attempted to ask and answered by the
supervisor in order to have a secure product requirements.

14. Design Phase
In this phase, Context Diagram (CD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), Data Flow Diagram
(DFD), interface and database was designed to know more details about the system. ERD is a
data modeling technique that graphically illustrates an information system’s entities and the
relationships between those entities. DFD is graphical representation of the flow of data through
an information system, modelling its process aspects.

15. System Design and Modelling
The design for Smart Attendance System using QR Code such as
framework, context diagram (CD), data flow diagram (DFD) and entity
relationship diagram (ERD) are explained in the details to ensure the
development process is easily done. Based on the system, the
framework shows the system flow, the Context Diagram (CD) and
Data

16. Framework

17. • shows the framework of the system that involves admin, student, lecturer and parent. The
student needs to scan the QR Code before the class session starts. They may also login to
the system by entering the username and password that have been provided by the admin in
order to view their previous attendance list. Then, the lecturers need to login into the system
by entering the username and password. They able to choose program code, course code
and the time to record the attendance for the course. The result of the attendance will be
automatically save in the database. Besides, the admin has privileges to control all user. They
can login into the system to edit, delete and update information in the system.
•