1) The document discusses using smart antennas for indoor wireless communication, including investigating wave propagation using a switched beam smart antenna in a simulated 4-story office building. 2) A smart antenna can maximize antenna gain towards desired signals while minimizing it for interferers, improving capacity, coverage, bit rate, and link quality over conventional antennas. 3) Wireless local area networks (WLANs) use radio waves to transport data between computers in a local area network, and challenges for indoor WLAN design include interference and security.

1. Investigation of Wave Propagation Using Smart Antenna for Indoor Wireless Communication Presented by: Sunil Kumar 0603230 EC- 4

2. Outline Introduction to Terms Smart Antenna. WLAN. Wave Propagation. Indoor Wireless communication Layout of the examined area. DE-ESMB used in simulation. Experimental results.

3. antenna with a digital signal processing capability to transmit and receive in an adaptive and spatially sensitive manner. “ Smart ” >> digital signal processing facility Introduction to SMART ANTENNAS

4. Why SMART ANTENNAS ? Higher Capacity Higher Coverage Higher bit rate Improved link quality Spectral efficiency Mobility

5. Aim : to maximize the antenna gain in the desired direct ion to minimize the gain in directions of interferers

6. C onventional A ntennas & Arrays Omnidirectional Sectorized Antenna Top View Antenna Array Top View

7. WHY SMART ANTENNAS ARE SUPERIOR TO CONVENTIONAL ANTENNAS Switched Beam System Adaptive Array Antenna Array Desired User Interfering User Antenna Array Active Beam

8. Interference Rejection Comparison Desired Signals Co-channel Interfering Signals

9. Conclusion Smart Antenna offer new ways to combat and exploit the spatial channel Smart Antennas reduce co-channel interference, improve BER performance and hence capacity

10. WLAN / Wi-Fi Wi-Fi (short for “Wireless Fidelity") is the popular term for a high-frequency wireless local area network ( WLAN ) Uses electromagnetic radio waves to transport data between computers in a Local Area Network (LAN). The data to be transported is superimposed on the radio carrier by various modulation techniques .

11. Wireless LAN Topology an extension of an existing wired network.

12. An indoor WLAN design A 4-story office building (including basement). We plan to install a switched Smart Antenna on the 3rd floor. Switched Smart Antenna Interference 3 2 1 Basement No lobe

13. Benefits of Wireless Networks Mobility: Example: talking on a cordless phone vs. cord phone. Installation in Difficult-to-Wire Areas: rivers, freeways, old building Hazard materials (such as asbestos particles) when drilling. Right-of-way restrictions in some city to dig ground. Reduced Installation Time: It may take months to receive right-of-way approvals. Increased Reliability: cable vs. cable-less Long-term savings: never need re-cabling

14. • Security: – Wired networks can have a physically secure transmission medium. • Access to the network: – Wireless network is more difficult to secure. • The transmission medium is open to anyone within the geographical range of a transmitter: – Data privacy is accomplished over a radio medium using encryption & authentication. • Encryption comes at increased cost. Challenges and Constraints

15. Layout of examined area

16. Antenna Model used in Simulation : (DE-ESMB) Using a directional antenna in wireless Accesses Point (AP) or terminal, the security level can be greatly improved in WLAN. The narrower the bandwidth, the better performance will be achieved for a certain wireless communication environment. In this simulation a 13-element dielectric-embedded electronically switched multiple-beam antenna array is adopted to form a single fixed-beam directional antenna. center grounded element active elements passive elements

19. position A1 position A2

20. CONCLUSIONS :- Due to shadowing effect of the thin wall, the mean electric field intensity in Room 1 is always stronger than in Room. The left side of the source is slightly weaker than the right side. This finding can be explained by the fact that the glass walls have a smaller relative permittivity ( ε = 4.2) than brick wall ( ε = 7). It causes less reflection and diffraction, more energy from the transmitter can propagate outside the room than that for the brick wall cases.