This document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) applications in agriculture. It begins by defining IoT and explaining its growing importance. It then discusses using IoT in agriculture to help farmers overcome challenges by remotely monitoring crops. Key applications mentioned include precision farming, agricultural drones, livestock monitoring, smart greenhouses, and crop management. The document also discusses agricultural sensors, sensor outputs, tools used, pros and cons of IoT in agriculture, and concludes that IoT can help increase yields, conserve water, reduce losses, and increase profits for farmers.

2. • What is IOT? Why IOT?
• Idea of IOT in Agriculture & features
• Challenges faced by IOT & Farmers
• Current condition of IOT in agriculture
• Applications of IOT
• Smart Agricultural Sensors
• Sensor Outputs
• Tools used
• Pros & Cons
• Conclusion
IN UPCOMING SLIDES

3. What is IOT? Why IOT?
• The full abbreviation of IOT is “internet of
things”.
•The Internet of Things(IOT) is inter-networking of
physical devices. This system has ability to transfer
data over a network without requiring human-to
human or human-to-computer interaction
•This is a growing trend that will influence
everything from businesses to our daily personal
lives.
•IOT has many applications in agriculture, smart
Cities, smart home, healthcare, business sectors,
Traffic monitoring , Transport etc.

4. Idea of IOT in Agriculture & features
Idea of IOT in Agriculture:
 Agriculture is considered as the basis of life for the human species as it is the main source of
food grains and other raw materials. Farming in India is done using the domestic ways. The fact
that most of farmers lack proper knowledge makes it more erroneous. A large portion of
farming and agricultural activities are based on the predictions, which at times fail. Farmers
have to bear huge losses and at times they end up committing suicide.
 So, a new idea of smart farming using IOT introduced. The concept will be a benchmark in
the agribusiness due to its reliability and remote monitoring. The idea tries to digitalize farming
and agricultural activities so that the farmers can check on the requirements of the crops and
accurately predict their growth. This concept will surely accelerate their business to reach new
heights and also be more profitable.
Features:
The aim of this project is to introduce the latest technology into the agriculture business
by collecting real-time status of crop and informing the farmers about it.
The Features are:
1) SMS Notifications
2) Valuable information collection.
3) Detailed Data analysis
4) Cost effective
5) Easy to implement

5. Challenges faced by IOT in Agricultural Sector
• Lack of information
• High adoption costs
• Security concerns
Challenges faced by Farmers in adopting IOT
•Lack of infrastructure
•High Cost
•Lack of Security

6. Current condition of IOT in Agriculture
•The agriculture IoT market is expected to grow from USD
12.7 billion in 2019 to USD 20.9 billion by 2024, at a CAGR
of 10.4% from 2019 to 2024.
•At present, irrigation consumes about 84 % of total
available water in India.
•We conserve water by using soil moisture sensors.

7. Applications of IOT in Agriculture
•Precision Farming
•Agricultural Drones
•Livestock Monitoring
•Smart Greenhouses
•Crop Water Management
•Pest Management & control

8. There are many other applications of IOT in agriculture
Agriculture
IOT
Disease Detection and Diagnosis
Fertilizer Calculator Soil Study & Water Study
Crop Harvest Readiness

9. Agricultural Drones
• The major benefits of using drones include crop health imaging, integrated
mapping, ease of use, saves time, and the potential to increase yields.
•Two types of drones, that is, ground-based and aerial-based drones are being
incorporated in agriculture in many ways such as, for crop health assessment,
irrigation, planting, and soil & field analysis.
Livestock monitoring
•Large farm owners can utilize wireless IOT applications to collect data
regarding the location , well-being, and health of their cattle.
•JMB North America is an organization that offers cow monitoring solutions to
cattle producers.
Smart Greenhouses
•Greenhouses control environmental parameters in two ways; either
through manual intervention or a proportional control mechanism.
•A smart greenhouse through IOT embedded systems not only monitors
intelligently but also controls the climate.

10. Agricultural Sensors
• Location Sensors
-use signals from GPS satellites to determine latitude,
longitude, and altitude to within feet .
Example- NJR NJG1157PCD-TE1
• Optical Sensors
- use light to measure soil properties.
- The sensors measure different frequencies of light
reflectance in near-infrared, mid-infrared, and polarized light
spectrums.
Example- Vishay
Vishay Photo IC Sensor

11. • Dielectric Soil Moisture Sensors
- assess moisture levels by measuring the dielectric constant
in the soil.
• Passive Infrared Sensors
-A PIR based motion detector is used to sense movement
of people , animals or other objects.
• Arduino
-Both SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR and PIR SENSOR are
connected to the Arduino to perform an action.
- Arduino will send the data to the data base using
Ethernet shield and if emergency it also send message to the user
by using a device called GSM module.

12. Some More Sensors…
• Electrochemical Sensors
• Mechanical Sensors
Example- Honeywell FSG15N1A
• Airflow Sensors

13. Sensor Outputs
•Yield Monitoring
•Yield Mapping
•Variable Rate Fertilizer
•Variable Spraying
•Topography & Boundaries

14. Tools used
Software used for this Project is ARDUINO 1.8.2 and the hardware
required for this project is listed below:
1. Arduino Uno
2. Analog Soil Moisture Sensor
3. DHT22 Digital Temperature and Humidity Sensor
4. MQ-135 Air Quality Gas Sensor Module
5. MQ-7 Gas Tester Carbon Monoxide Detecting Sensor Module 4P
180mA 5V DC
6. MQ2 Gas Sensor, Methane, Butane, LPG, Smoke Sensor
7. Ultrasonic sound sensor
8. LCD 16×2 Alphanumeric Display(JHD162A)
9. Jumper Wires Male to Male, male to female, female to female
10. GSM Modem Module for Arduino
11. Batteries
12. Motor
13. 1 kilo-ohm Resistances

15. IOT APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE

16. Different layers of smart Farming System

17. Pros
•Cost effective method
•Optimize water use
•Sustain high-yielding
•Automation & efficiency
•Better product’s quality
Cons
•Money needed
•Costly internet
•Fault sensors & data processing
engines
•Difficult to comprehend the
details about IOT for the farmers
of remote areas

18. Conclusion
• Prediction of soil moisture level & motion of predators.
• Irrigation system can be monitored .
• Damage caused by predators is reduced.
• Increased productivity.
• Water conservation.
• Profit to farmers.