The Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture revolutionizes traditional farming practices by integrating smart technologies. Through sensor networks, data analytics, and connectivity, IoT empowers farmers with real-time insights into crop conditions, soil health, and equipment performance. This transformative approach enhances efficiency, resource utilization, and sustainability in agricultural processes, marking a significant leap toward precision farming. Here we tried to focus briefly on IoT in agriculture topic. Hope it will help you.

1. IoT IN AGRICULTURE
Submitted to:-
Dr. Nagma Halima Saik &
Department of Agricultural extension and communication
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University
(Faculty of Agricultural Science)
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2. Submitted By :-
2141901288:- Durba khatua
2141901289:- Dolon Ghosh
2141901290:- BARSHAN MAHAPATRA
2141901291:- BARENYA DASH
2141901293:- BISMAYJIT GHANA
2141901294:- BAPPA CHOWDHURY
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3. Topics to be discussed
 Introduction to IoT
 Different IoT components
 IoT applications in Agriculture.
a) Smart Irrigation Systems and Water Management
b) Green house Automation and Smart Pest control
c) Precision Agriculture and Crop Monitoring
d) Livestock Monitoring and Health Management
e) Soil Monitoring and Nutrient Management
f) Crop Yield Optimization and Predictive Analytics
 Benefits of IoT in Agriculture
 Challenges and Limitations of IoT in Agriculture
 Case Studies and Success Stories, Statistics, graph etc.
 Future Trends and Opportunities
 Conclusion
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4. INTRODUCTION
IoT stands for ‘Internet of Things’.
The global population is steadily increasing, while farmers are finding it harder and harder to supply more people
with food. According to the “Global agriculture towards 2050” report by the Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) of the United Nations, the global population is expected to grow to 9 billion by 2050. This means that demand
for food will increase as well.
The global agriculture market is expected to grow from $9600 billion in 2020 to $10180 billion in 2021 at a CAGR of
6%. But despite the fast growth of the agricultural sector, the world needs it to grow faster. According to FAO, in
2050, farmers will have to produce 70% more food than in 2016 to keep the population fed, and this puts lots of
pressure on farmers.
Technology has come to the rescue in lots of industries, and agriculture is one of them. Farms and agricultural
of them. Farms and agricultural businesses incorporate lots of technologies into their work, from big data and
into their work, from big data and machine learning for forecasting and efficiency to autonomous robots, sensors,
efficiency to autonomous robots, sensors, and drones. This is called smart agriculture.
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5. IOT DEVICES
 Robots
 Drones
 Various sensors
 Thermostats
 GPS tracking devices
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6. APPLICATIONS OF IoT IN AGRICULTURE
1. SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND WATER MANAGEMENT :-
 A smart irrigation system saves about 80% of the water.
 It precisely controls water system by using a sensor micro controller
system.
 It estimates and measure diminution of existing plant moisture to operate
an irrigation system.
 Intelligent automatic plant irrigation system waters plants regularly using
a moisture sensor.
 The system uses a hardware component, which is subjected to variation
with the environmental conditions.
 A valuable tool for conserving water planning and irrigation scheduling of
various agricultural crops.
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7. 2. GREEN HOUSE AUTOMATION :-
By implementing a smart greenhouse monitoring system, the Internet of
Things helps maintain optimal conditions for healthy plant growth, saving
you time and effort.
 Light: Adjusting artificial lighting to supplement natural light levels.
 Air quality : Filters the air .
 Ventilation: Helps in automating ventilation systems and adjust them
based on environmental conditions.
 Temperature: Adjust heating systems to preserve the ideal temperature
range.
 Humidity: IoT sensors detect changes in humidity and accommodate
irrigation systems and misting systems to maintain the perfect
environmental conditions.
APPLICATIONS OF IoT IN AGRICULTURE
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8. 3. PRECISION AGRICULTURE :-
APPLICATIONS OF IoT IN AGRICULTURE
 It makes the farming practice more precise by using smart farming
applications.
 The goal of precision farming is to analyse the data, generated via sensors, to
react accordingly.
 Use of various technologies like GPS, GIS, sensors, aerial devices, or field
mapping to increase production levels, and improve profitability.
 Improved Agriculture Monitoring: Monitor fields more effectively by tracking
various parameters.
 Unified farming data: To store large agricultural data in one place using cloud-
based technology.
 Better Decision-Making: Timely response to disasters.
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9. 1.Sensor Integration for Real-Time Monitoring:
1. Implement various sensors, such as temperature,
humidity, and heart rate monitors, on livestock to
collect real-time data.
2. IoT devices can transmit this data wirelessly to a
centralized system for instant monitoring.
2.Automated Alerts and Notifications:
1. Set up automated alert systems to notify farmers or
caretakers instantly when abnormal conditions or
health issues are detected.
2. Alerts can be sent through mobile applications or
other communication channels, allowing for timely
response to critical situations.
3.Remote Health Management and Decision Support:
1. Develop a centralized dashboard accessible remotely,
providing farmers with a comprehensive view of the
livestock's health status.
2. Incorporate decision support systems that offer
recommendations based on data analysis, helping
farmers make informed decisions regarding veterinary
care, nutrition, or environmental adjustments.
4. Livestock Monitoring and Health Management :-
APPLICATIONS OF IoT IN AGRICULTURE
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10. 1. Sensor Integration and Deployment:
- Implement IoT-enabled soil sensors to collect real-time data on
key soil parameters such as moisture levels, temperature, pH, and
nutrient content.
2. Data Analytics and Decision Support:
- Utilize cloud-based platforms for data storage and analytics to
process the large volumes of information generated by the soil
sensors.
- Implement machine learning algorithms to analyse the data and
provide insights into soil health, nutrient deficiencies, and optimal
conditions for plant growth.
3. Automated Nutrient Delivery Systems:
- Integrate IoT technology with precision agriculture tools to
automate the delivery of fertilizers and nutrients based on real-time
soil data.
- Enable remote monitoring and control of nutrient application
systems through mobile or web applications, allowing farmers to
make informed decisions and adjustments in real time.
5. Soil monitoring and nutrient management :-
APPLICATIONS OF IoT IN AGRICULTURE
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11.  Sensor Integration and Data Collection:
In IoT-based crop yield optimization, the integration of various sensors plays a
crucial role. Sensors such as soil moisture sensors, temperature and humidity
sensors, and spectral imaging devices can be deployed across the agricultural
field to collect real-time data. These sensors continuously monitor the
environmental conditions and crop health, providing a comprehensive dataset.
 Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning Algorithms:
Leveraging predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms on the collected
data enables farmers to make informed decisions. By analyzing historical data,
weather patterns, and current sensor readings, predictive models can forecast
crop growth, detect potential diseases, and predict optimal harvesting times. This
allows for proactive management and optimization of crop yield.
 Automation and Control Systems:
Integrating IoT with automation and control systems allows for real-time
adjustments based on the predictive analytics. Automated irrigation systems,
nutrient delivery systems, and pest control mechanisms can be triggered based on
the insights gained from the data analysis. This not only optimizes resource usage
but also ensures timely interventions, leading to improved crop yield and resource
efficiency.
6. Crop yield optimization and predictive analysis :-
APPLICATIONS OF IoT IN AGRICULTURE
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12. Benefits of IoT in Agriculture
 Intelligent Data Collection :-
The devices monitor climatic conditions, soil composition and quality, crop health, and so on. Moreover, the data is stored and
processed automatically.
 Waste reduction :-
IoT devices will help save crops. Farmers use sensors that can detect infections, infestations, or insect damage at an early stage.
 Less Energy Consumption :-
Optimize the use of resources (water, energy, land area) using the Internet of
Things. Sensors will collect information for you in real-time.
 Improved Production Control :-
The IoT-enabled agriculture solutions will help you achieve your main goal. Your farm
will function as right as rain thanks to the high quality of products.
 Competitive Advantage :-
Stay one step ahead with IoT technologies. Your crop will have a higher quality. You will be able to grow and harvest more products.
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13. Challenges and limitation of iot in agriculture:
 Lack of Infrastructure:- Even if the farmers adopt IoT technology they won’t be able to take
benefit of this technology due to poor communication infrastructure.
 High Cost :- Equipment needed to implement IoT in agriculture is expensive to earn higher
profits.
 Lack of Security:- Since IoT devices interact with older equipment they have access to the
internet connection, there is no guarantee.
 lack of information :- users/ farmers doesn’t have enough knowledge to operating the
machines.
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14. WORLD WIDE GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
IoT introduced smart agriculture to us. Through IoT the
adoption of IOT in agriculture is constantly growing.
COVID -19; has had a positive impact on IoT in
Agriculture market share. Disruption in supply chain,
shorted of qualified workers, has propelled it’s CAGR to
99%. In fact as per cent reports the smart farming
market share is set to reach $28.56 billion by 2030. At
the same time, the global smart agriculture market size
is expected to triple by 2025, reaching $15.3 billion .
Case Studies and Success Stories
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15. 24 AGRICULTURE START-UPS RECOMMENDED FOR
SUPPORT FROM POOL OF RS 20 CRORE :
In a boost to Agri–tech sector experts have
recommended addicted fund of rs 20 crore.
This initiative, aimed at accelerating promising ideas
was announced during the ATMAN (Agri startup demo
And funding ) 2023 programme, organised by DST. The
program also launched several initiatives, including the
grand challenge & competition for internet of things .
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16. Farmers are merging intuition and expertise with
data from satellites to capture subtle changes at
field level. Planet’s long-standing partner Granular
is leveraging high-frequency Planet Scope imagery
to help farmers increase yields and manage risk.
Discover how Granular is helping farmers make
timely interventions with Planet data. Farmer in
the field using Granular Insights.
Photo credit: Granular
HOW GRANULAR DELIVERS FAST, FREQUENT, IN-FIELD INSIGHTS TO
FARMERS IN AN AGE OF TECHNOLOGY,
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17. PM MODI INAUGURATES INDIA’S BIGGEST DRONE
MAHOTSAV 2022 IN NEW DELHI :
On May 27, 2022 , Prime Minister ( PM ) Narendra Modi
Inaugurated India’s biggest Drone Festival, Bharat Drone
Mahotsav 2022, at pragati Maidan in New Delhi. During the
Mahotsav, the PM met with kisan drone pilots, watched open
air demonstrations & also interacted with start – ups at the
drone exhibition center.
He added, “This event is not just for drones, but also for the
positivity towards new technology and innovation in India.
Notably, the country’s biggest drone festival comes amid the
Centre’s push for extensive use of drones in various fields,
including agriculture. Earlier this month, Civil Aviation minister
Jyotiraditya Scindia had launched a drone experience studio at
the state-run think tank NITI Aayog, where he unveiled two
policies — Drone Shakti and Kisan Drone.
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18. FUTURE TRENDS
 In agriculture, IoT trends include precision farming, sensor technology for
crop monitoring, smart irrigation systems, and livestock tracking. These
technologies aim to enhance efficiency, reduce resource usage, and optimize
overall farm management through data-driven insights.
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19. FUTURESCOPE OF IoT
 Precision farming :-
In agriculture, Information and Communication Technology is a
tool used for smart farming. With the help of IoT-based devices,
crop fields are observed. The technology uses sensors to calculate
the moisture of soil, humidity, and temperature. Also, it uses an
automated irrigation system to make efficient use of water.
Precision farming helps farmers monitor their fields and boost
productivity.
 Agricultural drones :-
Drones used for agriculture and farming are one of the best
applications of Internet of Things. They are used to enhance
agricultural processes. We use agricultural drones for planting
crops, irrigating fields, spraying of pesticides, and monitoring the
fields. With the help of drones, it becomes easier to evaluate the
health of crops. This is all possible with the help of smart IoT-based
devices that are used to make agricultural drones.
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20.  Smart greenhouses :-
Farmers use greenhouse farming to enhance the productivity of crops.
In greenhouse farming, the environmental factors that affect the growth
of crops are controlled by manual intervention. However, manually
controlling the mechanism for the growth of crops is less productive. The
emergence of IoT and technological advancements has led to the
creation of IoT-based greenhouses that consist of various devices such as
sensors, climate controllers, etc.
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21. CONCLUSION
 In conclusion, IoT in agriculture offers significant potential for increased efficiency, productivity, and
sustainability. By integrating smart devices, sensors, and data analytics, farmers can make informed
decisions, optimize resource usage, and enhance crop yields. However, challenges such as cost, data security,
and infrastructure need to be addressed for widespread adoption. Overall, the continued development and
implementation of IoT technologies hold promise for transforming and modernizing the agricultural sector.
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