13 million years in the making, Perry Hackett’s Sleeping Beauty transposon has far-reaching implications for identifying causes of disease, use in gene therapy and more. His Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon, reconstructed from a fish DNA sequence that went extinct 13 million years ago, proved to be a gamechanger in non-viral cancer gene therapy.
Interactive Teaching Exercise: Perspectives on Microbial Communities in Healt...zaneveld
These are slides that I put together to support a short interactive exercise (no student background required) that has students think about how microbial community change influences health and disease.
Accompanying materials can be found on my blog:
https://napkindiagram.wordpress.com/2016/02/26/short-teaching-module-perspectives-on-microbial-community-change-in-health-and-disease/
In a speech for the Global Health Program at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York City, Calit2 director Larry Smarr addresses the issue of biological diversity and the importance of monitoring the microbiome.
Research done by Mahendra Trivedi - Effect of a Biofield Treatment on Plant G...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - The present experiments found an enhanced and significant impact of the biofield treatment on adaptive micropropagation response and callus induction of two plant species, Withania somnifera and Amaranthus dubius. For details, visit: http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/23/
Interactive Teaching Exercise: Perspectives on Microbial Communities in Healt...zaneveld
These are slides that I put together to support a short interactive exercise (no student background required) that has students think about how microbial community change influences health and disease.
Accompanying materials can be found on my blog:
https://napkindiagram.wordpress.com/2016/02/26/short-teaching-module-perspectives-on-microbial-community-change-in-health-and-disease/
In a speech for the Global Health Program at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York City, Calit2 director Larry Smarr addresses the issue of biological diversity and the importance of monitoring the microbiome.
Research done by Mahendra Trivedi - Effect of a Biofield Treatment on Plant G...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - The present experiments found an enhanced and significant impact of the biofield treatment on adaptive micropropagation response and callus induction of two plant species, Withania somnifera and Amaranthus dubius. For details, visit: http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/23/
This presentation was originally rendered as an Apple Keynote presentation designed for use with IB Environmental Systems - For the new IB Environmental Systems and Societies course the topic numbers are incorrect but the content still applies. The presentation is also suitable for use with Ecology and Environmental science Courses. Copyright of sciencebitz.com
more sciencebitz resources on iTunesU and iBooks https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/enroll/DEZ-HWS-HNJ
https://itun.es/gb/ymzI6.n
Is microbial ecology driven by roaming genes?beiko
Microbial ecology often makes assumptions about the relationship between phylogeny and function, but these assumptions can be invalidated by lateral gene transfer. We need to take a broader view of relationships between genes and genomes in order to make better sense out of microbes.
Impact of the koka reservoir on malaria, Solomon Kibret, Matthew McCartney and Jonathan Lautze. Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
November 2008
Clinical Metagenomics for Rapid Detection of Enteric Pathogens and Characteri...QIAGEN
High-throughput sequencing, combined with high-resolution metagenomic analysis, provides a powerful diagnostic tool for clinical management of enteric disease. Forty-five patient samples of known and unknown disease etiology and 20 samples from health individuals were subjected to next-generation sequencing. Subsequent metagenomic analysis identified all microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) in the samples, including the expected pathogens in the samples of known etiology. Multiple pathogens were detected in the individual samples, providing evidence for polymicrobial infection. Patients were clearly differentiated from healthy individuals based on microorganism abundance and diversity. The speed, accuracy and actionable features of CosmosID bioinformatics and curated GenBook® databases, implemented in the QIAGEN Microbial Genomics Pro Suite, and the functional analysis, leveraging the QIAGEN functional metagenomics workflow, provide a powerful tool contributing to the revolution in clinical diagnostics, prophylactics and therapeutics that is now in progress globally.
Microbial Metagenomics Drives a New CyberinfrastructureLarry Smarr
06.03.03
Invited Talk
School of Biological Sciences
University of California, Irvine
Title: Microbial Metagenomics Drives a New Cyberinfrastructure
Irvine, CA
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.
This presentation was originally rendered as an Apple Keynote presentation designed for use with IB Environmental Systems - For the new IB Environmental Systems and Societies course the topic numbers are incorrect but the content still applies. The presentation is also suitable for use with Ecology and Environmental science Courses. Copyright of sciencebitz.com
more sciencebitz resources on iTunesU and iBooks https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/enroll/DEZ-HWS-HNJ
https://itun.es/gb/ymzI6.n
Is microbial ecology driven by roaming genes?beiko
Microbial ecology often makes assumptions about the relationship between phylogeny and function, but these assumptions can be invalidated by lateral gene transfer. We need to take a broader view of relationships between genes and genomes in order to make better sense out of microbes.
Impact of the koka reservoir on malaria, Solomon Kibret, Matthew McCartney and Jonathan Lautze. Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
November 2008
Clinical Metagenomics for Rapid Detection of Enteric Pathogens and Characteri...QIAGEN
High-throughput sequencing, combined with high-resolution metagenomic analysis, provides a powerful diagnostic tool for clinical management of enteric disease. Forty-five patient samples of known and unknown disease etiology and 20 samples from health individuals were subjected to next-generation sequencing. Subsequent metagenomic analysis identified all microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) in the samples, including the expected pathogens in the samples of known etiology. Multiple pathogens were detected in the individual samples, providing evidence for polymicrobial infection. Patients were clearly differentiated from healthy individuals based on microorganism abundance and diversity. The speed, accuracy and actionable features of CosmosID bioinformatics and curated GenBook® databases, implemented in the QIAGEN Microbial Genomics Pro Suite, and the functional analysis, leveraging the QIAGEN functional metagenomics workflow, provide a powerful tool contributing to the revolution in clinical diagnostics, prophylactics and therapeutics that is now in progress globally.
Microbial Metagenomics Drives a New CyberinfrastructureLarry Smarr
06.03.03
Invited Talk
School of Biological Sciences
University of California, Irvine
Title: Microbial Metagenomics Drives a New Cyberinfrastructure
Irvine, CA
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.
Species richness, bird macroecology, landscape pathology, network epidemiology. Ants and people: a test of two mechanisms behind the large-scale human-biodiversity correlation for Formicidae in Europe. Aphid biodiversity is correlated with human population in European countries. Plant health and global change – some implications forlandscape management
Extremophiles (and the people who study them)Julie Kendrick
They live in places that are, essentially, “Humans Keep Out!” zones — the coldest, driest, darkest, hottest and most acidic places on Earth. I interviewed three researchers who are working to better understand how “extremophiles” do it and put that knowledge to work.
Keep Moving: Julie Kendrick for Renew MagazineJulie Kendrick
The CDC Control and Prevention (CDC) says that while genetics play a role in susceptibility to disease (such as obesity or diabetes), it’s also true that lifestyle may help prevent these diseases. Here are three seniors who are crushing it -- including Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Sleeping Beauty Transposon: Awakening a new approach to cancer treatment
1. Aprincess sleeps for years in an
isolated tower. Then, one day,
a knight arrives … and everyone
lives happily ever after. That tale of
reawakening is not just the plot of a
classic fairy tale, it’s also a story time
version of the work done by scientific
knight errant Perry Hackett, aided
in his work by what he describes as
“dedicated bench work by teams of
hard-working young folks who shared
a vision.” Hackett is a professor in the
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology
and Development; a member of the
Center for Genome Engineering and
the Masonic Cancer Center's Genetic
Mechanisms of Cancer Program; and
co-founder of two Twin Cities-based
biotech companies — Discovery
Genomics, Inc., and Recombinetics, Inc.
His Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon,
reconstructed from a fish DNA
sequence that went extinct 13 million
years ago, proved to be a game-
changer in non-viral cancer gene
therapy. The result of his work to
awaken long-sleeping potential from
genetic material may lead to faster,
less expensive and potentially safer
methods to deliver DNA at a cellular
level. The technology was licensed
for use in treating cancer to the M.D.
Anderson Cancer Center in Texas and
to Boston-based company, Ziopharm.
Sleeping Beauty was just the
beginning, Hackett says. With
several teams of scientists now in
place at the University along with
the launch of several small biotech
companies, he’s more excited about
the impact of the combined work of
many colleagues with the potential
to increase food, nutrition and
animal welfare for a growing global
population. In recognition of his work
and for his contributions toward
making the University and the state
of Minnesota a genomics and gene-
editing powerhouse, Hackett received
the University of Minnesota Office
for Technology Commercialization’s
biennial Impact Award. The award
recognizes a researcher whose work
has had a broad, positive impact on
society and improved quality of life.
“The story is so much bigger than one
Perry Hackett’s Sleeping Beauty transposon has far-reaching implications for
identifying causes of disease, use in gene therapy and more.
13 million years in the making
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
PHOTOBYJONATHANPAVLICA
6 COLLEGE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
2. person,” Hackett says. “We started
a snowball rolling down a slope, and
it has accumulated considerable
mass and momentum, gaining an
enormous potential.”
He was nominated for the award by
Dan Voytas, professor of genetics,
cell biology and development, and
director of the Center for Genome
Engineering, which Hackett helped
found. “One of the reasons I came
to the University was because I was
excited about the work Perry was
doing here,” says Voytas. “There
is an energy and a great sense of
possibility among the scientists.”
In addition to being an esteemed
researcher, Hackett has contributed to
the advancement of his field through
significant financial support. He was
instrumental in creating multi-million-
dollar research funds to support
innovation and entrepreneurship in
the field of biotechnology. “As director
of this center, we’ve benefited from
funding from the Hackett Fund for
Genome Engineering,” says Voytas,
“and we recognize that Perry has been
a great philanthropist for the work of
his fellow scientists.” —JULIE KENDRICK
WHAT’S AHEAD:
From medicine to agriculture
While the Sleeping Beauty transposon
is known for its impact on biomedical
science, Hackett predicts that he and
his colleagues are poised to tackle an
even greater challenge — feeding a
growing population.
Hackett cites Norman Borlaug, one of
the University’s most celebrated alums,
who said that genetic engineering
will be needed to meet the growing
demand for food going forward.
Companies like Recombinetics and
Calyxt, a biotech startup launched
by Voytas, are already making
strides in this area. “[Calyxt] is using
genome editing to develop crops
with healthier characteristics, and
Recombinetics is doing the same in
animals,” says Hackett.
“The Center for Genome Engineering is
going to be the leader in 21st century
agriculture for the entire world,” he
predicts. “We are becoming the hub
of genome engineering agriculture
research. Within a decade, people will
recognize how truly important the
work being done here has been.”
“We are becoming the hub of genome engineering
agriculture research for the world. Within a decade,
people will recognize how truly important the work
being done here has been.”
Findings
Female Cope’s gray tree frogs tune out the cacophony of frog calls and
home in on calls from potential mates by discerning — and selectively
ignoring — patterns in background noise. This finding could contribute to
better designs for hearing aids and voice recognition software.
(Associate Professor Mark Bee, postdoctoral fellow Norman Lee and colleagues in the March 2017 edition of
Current Biology)
Households are the main culprit when it comes to nutrient pollutants in
the Twin Cities urban watershed. Lawn fertilizers and pet waste are the
dominant sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the Mississippi
River. (Professor Sarah Hobbie and colleagues in the April 2017 edition of the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences)
When species such as Asian elephants and bluefin tuna decline in number,
the geographic areas they inhabit also shrink. Where populations manage
to remain locally abundant they become increasingly easy targets for
hunters and fishermen, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
(Assistant Professor Allison Shaw, postdoctoral fellow Lauren Sullivan and colleagues in the April 2017 edition of
the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Molecular chaperone TorsinA plays a key role in establishing and maintaining
cell polarity, highlighting the potential connection between defective cell
polarity and the human neurological movement disorder DYT1 dystonia.
(Assistant Professor G.W. Gant Luxton and colleagues in the February 2017 edition of The Journal of Cell Biology)
“PREVIOUS STUDIES OF ANIMAL
COMMUNICATION HAVE GENERALLY
REGARDED NOISE AS A RELATIVELY STATIC
FEATURE OF AN ANIMAL'S ACOUSTIC
ENVIRONMENT. WHAT THIS NEW WORK
SHOWS IS NOT ONLY THAT NOISY ACOUSTIC
SCENES ARE, IN FACT, DYNAMIC, BUT ALSO
THAT THEY ARE DYNAMIC IN PREDICTABLE
WAYS THAT ANIMALS HAVE EVOLVED
TO AVOID NOISE-INDUCED ERRORS IN
COMMUNICATION.” - DR. MARK BEE
BIO MAGAZINE 7