This document defines rest and sleep and discusses their importance for health, healing, learning, and social functioning. It notes that insufficient rest and sleep can cause irritability, fatigue, reduced work performance, and difficulty concentrating and making decisions. The document also outlines typical sleep needs at different developmental stages, factors that can affect sleep, classifications of sleep disorders including dyssomnias and parasomnias, treatments for dyssomnias, and nursing interventions to promote sleep.

1. SLEEP AND REST

2. Definitions
 Rest: is a condition in which the body is in a
decreased state of activity without emotional
stress and freedom from anxiety.
 Sleep: is a state of rest accompanied of
altered level of consciousness and relative
inactivity, and perception to environment are
decreased.

3. Adequate rest and sleep are
important in:
 Promoting general health.
 Ensuring recovery from illness.
 Aid healing process.
 Increase ability to learn and concentration
and recalling know lodge.
 Help person to be socially adaptable.

4. Sleep and rest disturbance will be imply:
 Irritable, anxiety and stress.
 Fatigue.
 Reduce work optimally
 Seek assistance from physician.
 Poor concentration.
 Difficulty making decisions.

5. Normal sleep patterns and
requirements:
 Newborn: 16-18 hours /day
 Infants: some 22 hours, and others from 12-14
 Toddlers: 10-12 hours
 Preschool: 11-12 hours
 School-Age: 8- 12 hours
 Adolescents: 8-10 hours
 Adult: 6-8 hours
 Elders: 6 hours

6. Factors Affecting Sleep
 Developmental considerations
 Psychological stress
 Motivation
 Culture
 Lifestyle and habits
 Physical activity and exercise
 Dietary habits
 Environmental factors
 Illness
 Medications

7. Classification of Sleep Disorders
 Dyssomnias — characterized by insomnia
or excessive sleepiness
 Parasomnias — patterns of waking behavior
that appear during sleep
 Sleep disorders associated with medical or
psychiatric disorders
 Other proposed disorders

8. Dyssomnias
 Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep
 Hypersomnia: excessive sleep
 Narcolepsy: uncontrollable desire to sleep
 Sleep apnea: absence of breathing between
snoring intervals
 Restless leg syndrome
 Sleep deprivation

9. Parasomnias
 Somnambulism: sleep walking
 Sleep talking
 Nocturnal erections
 Bruxism: grinding of teeth during sleeping
 Enuresis
 Sleep-related eating disorder

10. Treatment for dyssomnias
 Pharmologic therapy
– Sedatives and hypnotics
 Nonpharmacologic therapy
– Stimulus control
– Sleep restriction
– Sleep hygiene
– Cognitive therapy
– Multicomponent therapy
– Relaxation therapy

11. Nursing Interventions to Promote Sleep
 Prepare a restful environment
 Promote bedtime rituals
 Offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages
 Promote relaxation and comfort
 Use night light
 Provide privacy
 Schedule nursing care to avoid disturbances
 Use medications to produce sleep
 Encourage patient to void before sleep
 Remove any irritants against patients skin such as
moist or wrinkled sheets