My presentation at the workshop on Federated Satellite Systems, held at Skolkovo University (Skoltech) on October 14th 2014. Its title: "Software Defined Radio: an Enabling Technology for Interoperability in Federated Satellite Systems".
Unit 1 introduction to software defined radiosJAIGANESH SEKAR
The document discusses the introduction to software defined radios. It begins with defining software and radio individually, then explains how combining the two enables radios that are more flexible and cost-effective than traditional hardware radios. The ideal software defined radio architecture involves converting signals to the digital domain before performing all signal processing in software. This allows for easier upgrades and reconfiguration but poses technical challenges to implement. Potential benefits of software defined radios include greater flexibility, easier software reuse and testing, and lower costs for manufacturers, service providers and users.
This document provides an overview of software defined cognitive radio concepts, including:
- Basic concepts of software defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR) and their relationship
- How cognitive radios are implemented through sensing, adaptation, and learning
- Regulatory issues and applications of cognitive radio for interoperability and spectrum access
- Current research challenges in SDR hardware, software architectures, and cognitive radio implementation
Mobile CDS is a 3D deterministic RF propagation simulation tool based on ray tracing technology. It allows wireless engineers to simulate wireless networks and characterize specific environments. The tool includes components for protocols, 3D databases, material properties, antennas, and analysis. Simulations presented included an LTE network analysis that evaluated data rates and a mmW/radar analysis at 6 and 28 GHz. Mobile CDS can reduce product development time by avoiding expensive field testing. Its outputs can also be used in EGLA's MobileCAD emulator to quickly test wireless devices and handovers.
This document provides an overview of the syllabus for the Cognitive Radios course offered by RMK College of Engineering and Technology. It discusses key topics that will be covered including SDR architecture, channel coding and decoding, RF access, IF processing, channel sets, multiple personalities, evolution support, joint control, and top level component interfaces. Standard interfaces in SDR systems are also described such as analog stream, source bit stream, clear bit streams, protected bit stream, IF waveform, RF waveform, and network interface.
Software defined radio technology : ITB research activitiesDr.Joko Suryana
A.Introduction
1.From 1G to 5G
2.5G, from Device to Data Center
B.Programmable Networks
1.Software Defined Radio Technology
2.From Software-Defined Radio to Software-Defined Networking
3.Project Example : Princeton Univ : Software-Defined Cellular Core networks and New York Univ USA : SDN-controlled LTE using SDR
C.SDR Projects at LTRGM ITB
1.SDR for 5G Physical Layer Design
2.SDR for AESA Radar Receiver
3.SDR for Nanosatellite Ground Station
4.SDR for Communication and Identification for IFX
The document discusses options for prototyping new physical layers for telecommunication systems using digital signal processing. It focuses on using DSP processors and FPGAs, as ASICs are not available. Examples are provided of prototypes that maximize the capabilities of available hardware. Specifically, a DSP processor was chosen as the platform for developing a discrete multi-tone transceiver, and FPGAs were used for real-time transmitter processing through techniques like parallel fractional sampling rate conversion. The document concludes that "platform FPGAs" have been important for research due to price and reconfigurability, though skilled developers are needed to explore parallelism for high bit rate implementations.
1) Researchers at JPL developed a compact digital radar receiver to be used in a Ka-band radar interferometer for ice surface topography mapping.
2) The receiver is designed to be flexible and compact to meet the needs of a 16-element digital beamforming system while also being adaptable to other applications.
3) It can sample RF inputs up to 3.3 GHz at 10 bits and extract data via a front-panel interface, with components selected for potential spaceborne use.
Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Communication SystemsCPqD
1) The document discusses troubleshooting of coherent optical communication systems. It covers topics such as market trends driving higher data rates, challenges in coherent measurements, and typical tests and impairments in coherent transmission systems.
2) The document outlines techniques used to maximize transmission capacity within the physical layer, including higher order modulation formats, time-domain pulse shaping, and polarization division multiplexing. It also discusses requirements for test instruments to test these advanced modulation schemes.
3) The presentation provides an overview of using arbitrary waveform generators to emulate optical distortions in the electrical domain, allowing for deterministic and precise testing with complex impairments like phase noise and polarization mode dispersion.
Unit 1 introduction to software defined radiosJAIGANESH SEKAR
The document discusses the introduction to software defined radios. It begins with defining software and radio individually, then explains how combining the two enables radios that are more flexible and cost-effective than traditional hardware radios. The ideal software defined radio architecture involves converting signals to the digital domain before performing all signal processing in software. This allows for easier upgrades and reconfiguration but poses technical challenges to implement. Potential benefits of software defined radios include greater flexibility, easier software reuse and testing, and lower costs for manufacturers, service providers and users.
This document provides an overview of software defined cognitive radio concepts, including:
- Basic concepts of software defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR) and their relationship
- How cognitive radios are implemented through sensing, adaptation, and learning
- Regulatory issues and applications of cognitive radio for interoperability and spectrum access
- Current research challenges in SDR hardware, software architectures, and cognitive radio implementation
Mobile CDS is a 3D deterministic RF propagation simulation tool based on ray tracing technology. It allows wireless engineers to simulate wireless networks and characterize specific environments. The tool includes components for protocols, 3D databases, material properties, antennas, and analysis. Simulations presented included an LTE network analysis that evaluated data rates and a mmW/radar analysis at 6 and 28 GHz. Mobile CDS can reduce product development time by avoiding expensive field testing. Its outputs can also be used in EGLA's MobileCAD emulator to quickly test wireless devices and handovers.
This document provides an overview of the syllabus for the Cognitive Radios course offered by RMK College of Engineering and Technology. It discusses key topics that will be covered including SDR architecture, channel coding and decoding, RF access, IF processing, channel sets, multiple personalities, evolution support, joint control, and top level component interfaces. Standard interfaces in SDR systems are also described such as analog stream, source bit stream, clear bit streams, protected bit stream, IF waveform, RF waveform, and network interface.
Software defined radio technology : ITB research activitiesDr.Joko Suryana
A.Introduction
1.From 1G to 5G
2.5G, from Device to Data Center
B.Programmable Networks
1.Software Defined Radio Technology
2.From Software-Defined Radio to Software-Defined Networking
3.Project Example : Princeton Univ : Software-Defined Cellular Core networks and New York Univ USA : SDN-controlled LTE using SDR
C.SDR Projects at LTRGM ITB
1.SDR for 5G Physical Layer Design
2.SDR for AESA Radar Receiver
3.SDR for Nanosatellite Ground Station
4.SDR for Communication and Identification for IFX
The document discusses options for prototyping new physical layers for telecommunication systems using digital signal processing. It focuses on using DSP processors and FPGAs, as ASICs are not available. Examples are provided of prototypes that maximize the capabilities of available hardware. Specifically, a DSP processor was chosen as the platform for developing a discrete multi-tone transceiver, and FPGAs were used for real-time transmitter processing through techniques like parallel fractional sampling rate conversion. The document concludes that "platform FPGAs" have been important for research due to price and reconfigurability, though skilled developers are needed to explore parallelism for high bit rate implementations.
1) Researchers at JPL developed a compact digital radar receiver to be used in a Ka-band radar interferometer for ice surface topography mapping.
2) The receiver is designed to be flexible and compact to meet the needs of a 16-element digital beamforming system while also being adaptable to other applications.
3) It can sample RF inputs up to 3.3 GHz at 10 bits and extract data via a front-panel interface, with components selected for potential spaceborne use.
Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Communication SystemsCPqD
1) The document discusses troubleshooting of coherent optical communication systems. It covers topics such as market trends driving higher data rates, challenges in coherent measurements, and typical tests and impairments in coherent transmission systems.
2) The document outlines techniques used to maximize transmission capacity within the physical layer, including higher order modulation formats, time-domain pulse shaping, and polarization division multiplexing. It also discusses requirements for test instruments to test these advanced modulation schemes.
3) The presentation provides an overview of using arbitrary waveform generators to emulate optical distortions in the electrical domain, allowing for deterministic and precise testing with complex impairments like phase noise and polarization mode dispersion.
The document discusses position awareness and environment awareness in cognitive radios. It describes how cognitive radios can learn their position using systems like GPS to determine location through time-based approaches such as time of arrival and time difference of arrival. It also discusses how cognitive radios can be aware of their surrounding environment through sensors and use this context to optimize their behavior and minimize interference with other users. Network-based localization approaches are also mentioned. The key is for cognitive radios to have awareness of both their own position and the external environment to make intelligent decisions.
The document discusses next generation wireless networks (xG networks) and cognitive radios. It describes how xG networks will provide high bandwidth via heterogeneous architectures and dynamic spectrum access techniques enabled by cognitive radios. Cognitive radios allow opportunistic use of spectrum by performing spectrum sensing to detect available channels, spectrum management to select the best channel, spectrum sharing to coordinate channel access, and spectrum mobility to vacate channels for licensed users. The document outlines the key functions, architectures, and challenges of cognitive radio and xG networks.
The document discusses cognitive radio architecture. It describes 5 perspectives of cognitive radio architecture:
1) Functions, components and design rules
2) The cognition cycle of observe, orient, plan, decide, and act
3) The inference hierarchy from atomic stimuli to context clusters
4) Architecture maps that show behaviors
5) Building cognitive radio architecture on software-defined radio architectures by adding computational intelligence and learning capabilities.
Centralized-RAN technology improves the wireless experienceAmphenol Telect
Telect builds its C-RAN technology on a rack-and-stack option with all Telect-manufactured products. The Centalized-RAN solution includes our racks and cabinets, power distribution, fiber distribution, and horizontal and vertical cable management.
Latency equalization as a new network service primitive.pptShankar Murthy
This document proposes a Latency Equalization (LEQ) service that aims to minimize delay differences among multiple clients participating in interactive network applications like teleconferencing and online gaming. The LEQ architecture uses a few routers as hubs to redirect packets along similar delay paths. Algorithms are presented to select hubs, including a greedy algorithm and proving its NP-hardness. Simulations show the LEQ architecture significantly reduces delay differences between users. The LEQ service requires just software updates to edge routers and is incrementally deployable in today's networks.
This document outlines an agenda for a presentation on high capacity optical access networks. It discusses the growing demand for access network capacity driven by factors like increased mobile data usage and number of connected devices. It then covers various technologies being researched to increase access network capacity, such as coherent ultra-dense WDM passive optical networks (Coherent UDWDM PONs) that can provide terabit capacities. Specific areas of research discussed include mitigating crosstalk in high capacity PONs, using real-time coherent receivers, and integrating photonic integrated circuits. Field trials of digital coherent UDWDM PON systems are also summarized.
An experimental overview on software defined optical transmission and sdngmpl...CPqD
- An experimental testbed called ADRENALINE is evaluating software-defined optical transmission and SDN/GMPLS networking.
- The testbed includes a programmable OFDM transponder for software-defined optical transmission, a 4-node mesh network with fiber links of varying lengths, and emulation of SDN/OpenFlow and GMPLS control planes.
- Experiments are exploring flexible-grid optical networks using OFDM, all-optical OSNR estimation, and a sliceable bitrate-variable transponder as a building block for future software-defined optical networks.
CPqD at Optical Communication Ecosystem - Last/Next 10 years and R&D&I opport...CPqD
The document discusses opportunities in optical communications research and development over the next 10 years at CPqD. It outlines CPqD's history in optical communications R&D from 1976 to the present. It then discusses technological developments over the last 10 years, including transmission rates, coherent DSP algorithms, and WDM systems. Finally, it proposes a roadmap for the next 10 years focusing on hardware, algorithms, networks, silicon photonics, and integrated photonics opportunities. Areas of focus include fiber technologies, amplifiers, spatial division multiplexing, coherent transceivers, DSP, modulation formats, network optimization, and packaging.
Control Plane for High Capacity Networks PublicCPqD
This document discusses network programmability and SDN for transport networks. It motivates network programmability to allow dynamic network adaptation, faster service delivery, and integration of NFV. It describes SDN for transport networks including a multilayer SDN orchestration approach to automate provisioning across domains. It also summarizes Telefonica's activities applying SDN to transport networks through trials and proofs-of-concept including a multi-vendor OFC 2016 demo.
Cognitive radio is a type of software-defined radio that can be configured dynamically depending on its surroundings. It aims to improve spectrum utilization by detecting unused spectrum and adapting intelligently. Key aspects include sensing the environment, evaluating options, and implementing the chosen waveform. Cognitive radio allows for open spectrum sharing by avoiding interference through sensing available spectrum, while intelligent antennas focus on spatial reuse through techniques like beamforming and interference cancellation. Some applications of cognitive radio include extending mobile networks coverage, providing connectivity at open-air events, and enabling multi-technology phones.
CommTech Talks: Elastic Optical Devices for Software Defined Optical NetworksAntonio Capone
Elastic optical networks allow network capacity to be increased at lower cost by adapting to traffic variations. Coherent optical technology enables flexible modulation formats and bandwidth usage. Elastic networks can dynamically adjust bandwidth, bit rate, and modulation based on connection properties and network conditions. This provides increased sharing of network resources and cost savings versus legacy fixed-grid networks. However, elastic network design and management poses challenges around impairment-aware routing and spectrum allocation.
This document provides an overview and roadmap for achieving broadband optical access of 10Gb/s everywhere. It discusses:
1) The TSB Photonics21-NGOIA project which aims to identify promising approaches to achieving ubiquitous 10Gb/s access.
2) A paradigm shift in optical networking towards more flexible, dynamically reconfigurable networks to improve energy efficiency.
3) The concept of an "ultimate" optical network architecture with a common infrastructure across access, metro and backbone networks to maximize statistical multiplexing gains and reduce costs.
4) Several candidate technologies for next-generation optical access such as long-reach PON, WDM-PON and hybrid TDM/W
This document discusses secured modem and low probability of detection communications. It begins with an introduction to generic digital communication systems including source coding/decoding, channel encoding/decoding, and modulation/demodulation. It then covers spread spectrum techniques like direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum. The document discusses requirements for secure communications systems, particularly for military applications. It covers concepts like low probability of detection, low probability of exploitation, and low probability of intercept. Applications to communications, navigation, and identification are discussed. The document also introduces signal intelligence concepts like communications intelligence and electronics intelligence.
4G/5G RAN architecture: how a split can make the differenceEricsson
Current RAN architecture is undergoing a transformation to increase deployment flexibility and network dynamicity, so that networks will be able to meet the performance requirements demanded by applications such as extreme mobile broadband and long-range massive MTC. To stop total cost of ownership from soaring, the proposed architecture will be software-configurable and split between general-purpose and specialized hardware, in a way that enables ideal placement of networks functions.
The document describes Joko Suryana's past and planned experiments using Ku-band and Ka-band satellite communication networks in Indonesia. It discusses three past experiments using a Japanese Ku-band satellite for integrating satellite and cellular networks for location-based services, automatic satellite tracking for telemedicine, and secure videoconferencing. It outlines plans for a new Ka-band experimental laboratory involving tracking vital biosignals transmitted from an ambulance to a hospital via geostationary satellite. Challenges of rain attenuation and scintillation for satellite signals in Indonesia are also noted.
This document summarizes research presented at an optical technologies workshop on flexible optical transmission. It describes work done by CPqD, a Brazilian optical technologies company, on developing components and systems for 100G, 200G, and 400G optical transmission over long-haul, metro, and data center interconnect distances. This includes polymer-based transmitters for 100G and 200G coherent modules, spectrally-sliced receivers to enable 400G transmission, and achieving transmission distances of over 1500km for 400G using these techniques.
This document provides information about garden shredders, including their technical specifications, components, workings, noise levels, and materials used. It details the voltage, power, speed, dimensions, and weight of a particular garden shredder model from 1992. It also lists and describes over 50 individual components. Additionally, it compares features of latest models from various manufacturers and explains how newer "silent shredder" designs help reduce noise levels.
The document discusses position awareness and environment awareness in cognitive radios. It describes how cognitive radios can learn their position using systems like GPS to determine location through time-based approaches such as time of arrival and time difference of arrival. It also discusses how cognitive radios can be aware of their surrounding environment through sensors and use this context to optimize their behavior and minimize interference with other users. Network-based localization approaches are also mentioned. The key is for cognitive radios to have awareness of both their own position and the external environment to make intelligent decisions.
The document discusses next generation wireless networks (xG networks) and cognitive radios. It describes how xG networks will provide high bandwidth via heterogeneous architectures and dynamic spectrum access techniques enabled by cognitive radios. Cognitive radios allow opportunistic use of spectrum by performing spectrum sensing to detect available channels, spectrum management to select the best channel, spectrum sharing to coordinate channel access, and spectrum mobility to vacate channels for licensed users. The document outlines the key functions, architectures, and challenges of cognitive radio and xG networks.
The document discusses cognitive radio architecture. It describes 5 perspectives of cognitive radio architecture:
1) Functions, components and design rules
2) The cognition cycle of observe, orient, plan, decide, and act
3) The inference hierarchy from atomic stimuli to context clusters
4) Architecture maps that show behaviors
5) Building cognitive radio architecture on software-defined radio architectures by adding computational intelligence and learning capabilities.
Centralized-RAN technology improves the wireless experienceAmphenol Telect
Telect builds its C-RAN technology on a rack-and-stack option with all Telect-manufactured products. The Centalized-RAN solution includes our racks and cabinets, power distribution, fiber distribution, and horizontal and vertical cable management.
Latency equalization as a new network service primitive.pptShankar Murthy
This document proposes a Latency Equalization (LEQ) service that aims to minimize delay differences among multiple clients participating in interactive network applications like teleconferencing and online gaming. The LEQ architecture uses a few routers as hubs to redirect packets along similar delay paths. Algorithms are presented to select hubs, including a greedy algorithm and proving its NP-hardness. Simulations show the LEQ architecture significantly reduces delay differences between users. The LEQ service requires just software updates to edge routers and is incrementally deployable in today's networks.
This document outlines an agenda for a presentation on high capacity optical access networks. It discusses the growing demand for access network capacity driven by factors like increased mobile data usage and number of connected devices. It then covers various technologies being researched to increase access network capacity, such as coherent ultra-dense WDM passive optical networks (Coherent UDWDM PONs) that can provide terabit capacities. Specific areas of research discussed include mitigating crosstalk in high capacity PONs, using real-time coherent receivers, and integrating photonic integrated circuits. Field trials of digital coherent UDWDM PON systems are also summarized.
An experimental overview on software defined optical transmission and sdngmpl...CPqD
- An experimental testbed called ADRENALINE is evaluating software-defined optical transmission and SDN/GMPLS networking.
- The testbed includes a programmable OFDM transponder for software-defined optical transmission, a 4-node mesh network with fiber links of varying lengths, and emulation of SDN/OpenFlow and GMPLS control planes.
- Experiments are exploring flexible-grid optical networks using OFDM, all-optical OSNR estimation, and a sliceable bitrate-variable transponder as a building block for future software-defined optical networks.
CPqD at Optical Communication Ecosystem - Last/Next 10 years and R&D&I opport...CPqD
The document discusses opportunities in optical communications research and development over the next 10 years at CPqD. It outlines CPqD's history in optical communications R&D from 1976 to the present. It then discusses technological developments over the last 10 years, including transmission rates, coherent DSP algorithms, and WDM systems. Finally, it proposes a roadmap for the next 10 years focusing on hardware, algorithms, networks, silicon photonics, and integrated photonics opportunities. Areas of focus include fiber technologies, amplifiers, spatial division multiplexing, coherent transceivers, DSP, modulation formats, network optimization, and packaging.
Control Plane for High Capacity Networks PublicCPqD
This document discusses network programmability and SDN for transport networks. It motivates network programmability to allow dynamic network adaptation, faster service delivery, and integration of NFV. It describes SDN for transport networks including a multilayer SDN orchestration approach to automate provisioning across domains. It also summarizes Telefonica's activities applying SDN to transport networks through trials and proofs-of-concept including a multi-vendor OFC 2016 demo.
Cognitive radio is a type of software-defined radio that can be configured dynamically depending on its surroundings. It aims to improve spectrum utilization by detecting unused spectrum and adapting intelligently. Key aspects include sensing the environment, evaluating options, and implementing the chosen waveform. Cognitive radio allows for open spectrum sharing by avoiding interference through sensing available spectrum, while intelligent antennas focus on spatial reuse through techniques like beamforming and interference cancellation. Some applications of cognitive radio include extending mobile networks coverage, providing connectivity at open-air events, and enabling multi-technology phones.
CommTech Talks: Elastic Optical Devices for Software Defined Optical NetworksAntonio Capone
Elastic optical networks allow network capacity to be increased at lower cost by adapting to traffic variations. Coherent optical technology enables flexible modulation formats and bandwidth usage. Elastic networks can dynamically adjust bandwidth, bit rate, and modulation based on connection properties and network conditions. This provides increased sharing of network resources and cost savings versus legacy fixed-grid networks. However, elastic network design and management poses challenges around impairment-aware routing and spectrum allocation.
This document provides an overview and roadmap for achieving broadband optical access of 10Gb/s everywhere. It discusses:
1) The TSB Photonics21-NGOIA project which aims to identify promising approaches to achieving ubiquitous 10Gb/s access.
2) A paradigm shift in optical networking towards more flexible, dynamically reconfigurable networks to improve energy efficiency.
3) The concept of an "ultimate" optical network architecture with a common infrastructure across access, metro and backbone networks to maximize statistical multiplexing gains and reduce costs.
4) Several candidate technologies for next-generation optical access such as long-reach PON, WDM-PON and hybrid TDM/W
This document discusses secured modem and low probability of detection communications. It begins with an introduction to generic digital communication systems including source coding/decoding, channel encoding/decoding, and modulation/demodulation. It then covers spread spectrum techniques like direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum. The document discusses requirements for secure communications systems, particularly for military applications. It covers concepts like low probability of detection, low probability of exploitation, and low probability of intercept. Applications to communications, navigation, and identification are discussed. The document also introduces signal intelligence concepts like communications intelligence and electronics intelligence.
4G/5G RAN architecture: how a split can make the differenceEricsson
Current RAN architecture is undergoing a transformation to increase deployment flexibility and network dynamicity, so that networks will be able to meet the performance requirements demanded by applications such as extreme mobile broadband and long-range massive MTC. To stop total cost of ownership from soaring, the proposed architecture will be software-configurable and split between general-purpose and specialized hardware, in a way that enables ideal placement of networks functions.
The document describes Joko Suryana's past and planned experiments using Ku-band and Ka-band satellite communication networks in Indonesia. It discusses three past experiments using a Japanese Ku-band satellite for integrating satellite and cellular networks for location-based services, automatic satellite tracking for telemedicine, and secure videoconferencing. It outlines plans for a new Ka-band experimental laboratory involving tracking vital biosignals transmitted from an ambulance to a hospital via geostationary satellite. Challenges of rain attenuation and scintillation for satellite signals in Indonesia are also noted.
This document summarizes research presented at an optical technologies workshop on flexible optical transmission. It describes work done by CPqD, a Brazilian optical technologies company, on developing components and systems for 100G, 200G, and 400G optical transmission over long-haul, metro, and data center interconnect distances. This includes polymer-based transmitters for 100G and 200G coherent modules, spectrally-sliced receivers to enable 400G transmission, and achieving transmission distances of over 1500km for 400G using these techniques.
This document provides information about garden shredders, including their technical specifications, components, workings, noise levels, and materials used. It details the voltage, power, speed, dimensions, and weight of a particular garden shredder model from 1992. It also lists and describes over 50 individual components. Additionally, it compares features of latest models from various manufacturers and explains how newer "silent shredder" designs help reduce noise levels.
The document discusses strategies for a social networking site called Prudal. It recommends rolling out new products every 9-18 months, emphasizing innovation, and giving employees 20% work time for personal projects to drive motivation. It also suggests using credits that users can earn to unlock customizable features and themes. The document proposes expanding city-by-city and using word-of-mouth and short URLs for advertising. It posits that Prudal can succeed by offering a mainstream product as Facebook declines from its peak popularity.
Prudal aims to be a social networking site that surpasses Facebook. It will offer high levels of customization through modular components and themes. Users can monetize their time on the site through credits earned by watching videos or ads. The founders plan to expand city-by-city and leverage word-of-mouth marketing to grow the user base. Venture capital will be sought to fund development.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
The document discusses strategies for a social media platform called Prudal. It recommends rolling out new products every 9-18 months, emphasizing innovation, and giving employees 20% work time for personal projects to drive motivation. It also suggests rewarding the most productive employees monthly and expanding city-by-city to monitor growth more easily than worldwide. The platform will allow high customization through themes, plugins, and rollbacks to previous versions. Users can gain credits to unlock features by watching ads. The document argues Facebook's popularity will decline so Prudal should launch now to take its place by offering a mainstream product.
The document discusses the problem of waste production in the UK. It states that the UK produces around 400 million tonnes of waste per year, which would fill London's Albert Hall in under two hours. Most of this waste ends up in landfills or is incinerated, despite efforts to increase recycling rates. The document advocates following the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, and recycle to help address the problem of excessive waste.
Software defined radio (SDR) allows radios to be reconfigured through software changes alone. This allows radios to support multiple frequency bands, modes, and protocols through dynamic software changes rather than hardware changes. SDR provides benefits like ubiquitous connectivity, multiband/multimode capability, and more efficient network upgrades. SDR implementation platforms include field programmable gate arrays, digital signal processors, application specific integrated circuits, and general purpose processors.
Richard Reinhart, NASA Glenn Research Center: "Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Testbed." Presented at the 2013 International Space Station Research and Development Conference, http://www.astronautical.org/issrdc/2013.
rafkwnshru2ocnal9ta1-signature-a1b6820cbe628a2a167a0a81f2762fc8f340dd4b93d47a...Mathavan N
The document discusses software defined radios and their evolution. It provides definitions of software radio and describes how radios have evolved from hardware-based to more software-based designs with digital signal processing and software reconfiguration. This allows for greater flexibility, easier upgrades, and lower costs. It outlines the progression from 1G to 2G to 3G cellular networks and how each generation incorporated more software to handle increasing complexity. The benefits of software defined radios are provided for various stakeholders. Finally, it discusses the ideal software radio architecture and challenges in implementation.
SDR and cognitive radio technologies will enable more flexible use of radio spectrum and facilitate interoperability between different communication standards. Key drivers include the need for first responder communications during emergencies, the increasing number of wireless standards, and the scarce availability of radio spectrum. SDR allows communication standards and functionality to be reconfigured through software downloads. Future technologies like improved ADCs, DSPs, and cognitive abilities will advance SDR and spectrum sensing capabilities. Both military and commercial applications are expected to benefit from SDR and cognitive radio.
This document is a seminar report on Software Defined Radio submitted by a student, Kartikey Patwal, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It provides an introduction to software defined radio, including a brief history, definition of an SDR, and descriptions of RF architectures and processing architectures used in SDR. It also discusses software environments like MATLAB that are commonly used for SDR development and experimentation.
Software defined radio architecture has evolved over time:
(1) Moving analog to digital conversion closer to the antenna to take advantage of digital signal processing.
(2) Substituting software for hardware processing to increase flexibility and upgradeability.
(3) Transitioning from dedicated to general purpose hardware like FPGAs and DSPs, and eventually CPUs.
This evolution has introduced tradeoffs around antennas, RF/IF processing, and digital architectures that influence radio design. It also implies changes to layering and interfaces to support reconfigurability through software. Research issues remain around computational stability, hardware platforms, and integration of services.
The document provides a catalogue of products and services including aerospace projects, unmanned aerial systems, control systems, and embedded electronics with a focus on developing onboard software, ground support equipment, data processing solutions, and unmanned aerial vehicles including an aerial target drone.
Internet of Space - Communication Systems for Future Space-bases Internet Ser...Paulo Milheiro Mendes
1) The document discusses the potential for satellite constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) to enable a space-based internet through providing global connectivity with lower latency than traditional geostationary satellites.
2) Emerging LEO constellations from companies like SpaceX, OneWeb, and Telesat promise speeds close to fiber with nearly full global coverage and latency around 25ms.
3) For the space internet to be realized, challenges around developing low-cost user terminals, multi-tenant cooperation between constellations, and addressing different traffic needs across orbital regimes must be overcome.
6 lte-a challenges and evolving lte network architectureCPqD
The document discusses the challenges of evolving LTE network architectures to support LTE-Advanced and heterogeneous networks. It outlines issues like network densification increasing costs, challenges of managing more complex networks with various technologies and interoperability concerns. The document then proposes that software defined networking (SDN) and cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architectures can help address these issues by increasing flexibility, scalability and programmability of the network while reducing costs. The summary concludes that SDN and C-RAN approaches will help mobile networks realize the full potential of LTE.
The document provides a final report from the LoCom group on their project using low-complexity cognitive radio with commercial off-the-shelf equipment. It discusses the theoretical frame of software defined radio, GNU Radio, Universal Software Radio Peripheral, cognitive radio and Bluetooth sensing. It also covers their GNU Radio installation process and outcomes of developing an OFDM communication demonstration between two USRP devices using voice transmission. The report concludes with future works planned for the next semester.
This document provides an overview of software-defined radio (SDR) technology. It defines SDR as a radio system where components are implemented via software rather than hardware. The document discusses the ideal SDR and transmitter/receiver models and explains practical implementations using components like analog-to-digital converters and digital signal processors. It also outlines the software and architectures used in SDR, including applications in public safety and military, as well as advantages like reconfigurability and easier upgrades. Some challenges like complexity and reliability issues are also noted.
This document presents a presentation on software defined radio (SDR). It begins with an introduction that defines SDR and discusses its history. The methods section explains how SDR works, including its architecture and use of software common architecture and CORBA. It also discusses available tools like GNU Radio and USRP. The results section covers standards and applications of SDR. The discussion section highlights benefits, disadvantages, challenges and conclusions regarding SDR. Overall, the presentation provides a high-level overview of SDR, how it functions, examples of its applications, and considerations.
This document provides a summary of a term paper on cognitive radio. It discusses key topics such as what cognitive radio is, its advantages over static spectrum allocation, key drivers for cognitive radio like dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio networks, challenges to deployment including legal hurdles, security issues, and technology hurdles related to spectrum sensing. Promising applications of cognitive radio mentioned include emergency services, low cost internet access, and new services enabled by intelligent radio-based advertising.
This document provides a summary of a term paper on cognitive radio. It discusses key topics such as:
- What cognitive radio is and its main features of intelligent awareness and reconfigurability.
- The inefficiencies of current static spectrum allocation and how cognitive radio can help address spectrum scarcity issues.
- Drivers for cognitive radio like dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio networks.
- Challenges to deploying cognitive radio like legal hurdles, security issues, and technology hurdles related to spectrum sensing.
- Promising applications of cognitive radio in areas like emergency services, internet access, and rural connectivity.
This document provides a summary of a term paper on cognitive radio. It discusses key topics such as:
- What cognitive radio is and its main features of intelligent awareness and reconfigurability.
- The inefficiencies of current static spectrum allocation and how cognitive radio can help address spectrum scarcity issues.
- Drivers for cognitive radio like dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio networks.
- Challenges to deploying cognitive radio like legal hurdles, security issues, and technology hurdles related to spectrum sensing.
- Promising applications of cognitive radio in areas like emergency services, internet access, and rural connectivity.
Node B equipment in 3G networks were previously configured individually through the RNC. Using cloud computing, multiple Node B's can now be managed simultaneously through a common server. When one Node B is configured, all other Node B's connected to the same RNC via the cloud are also configured at the same time. This allows for faster and more efficient management of network equipment.
Software defined radio (SDR) is a radio communication system where components implemented in hardware, such as mixers and filters, are instead implemented by software. An SDR system uses a microprocessor to map user data to waveforms which are then converted to RF signals and transmitted via antenna. Received signals are sampled, digitized, and processed in real time by a general processor. SDR offers benefits like cost efficiency, flexibility, and avoiding interference, but faces challenges like developing antennas that can dynamically tune across wide bandwidths and sampling speeds fast enough to digitize high frequencies. Applications of SDR include military systems, NASA projects, and future 5G networks.
This document discusses software-defined radio (SDR), software-defined networking (SDN), and cognitive radio. It provides an overview of each technology:
SDR implements radio components like mixers, filters through software rather than hardware. This allows radio systems to be more flexible and reconfigurable. The fundamental SDR architecture includes a radio frequency front-end, processing engine, and applications.
SDN decouples network control and forwarding functions, making the network programmable and abstracting the underlying infrastructure. This enables dynamic, centralized management of network resources.
Cognitive radio can detect available communication channels and instantly switch to vacant ones, avoiding occupied channels. It monitors its own performance and adjusts
Cognitive radio promises to revolutionize wireless communication and spectrum management. It allows unlicensed users to opportunistically access licensed spectrum bands when the licensed users are not actively using it. This helps solve the problem of spectrum scarcity by improving utilization efficiency. However, realizing cognitive radio faces many technical, economic and legal challenges. Key challenges include developing sensing techniques to avoid interference, establishing spectrum sharing protocols, and reforming policies to allow dynamic spectrum access while protecting licensed users. Overcoming these challenges could provide benefits like ubiquitous connectivity and new wireless applications.
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1. Dr. ing. M. Lisi
European Space Agency – ESTEC
Special Advisor of the European Commission
(marco.lisi@esa.int)
Software Defined Radio:
An Enabling Technology for Interoperability in
Federated Satellite Systems
2. Abstract
•
The paper offers an overview of recent applications of the Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology in satellite applications from a system perspective;
•
Software Defined Payloads are envisioned as the next evolution step in the progress of satellite systems;
•
A critical discussion of advanced payload and transponder architectures based on the exploitation of SDR is presented;
•
SDR is shown to be a potentially enabling technology for achieving interoperability in Federated Satellite Systems. 2
3. Federated Satellite Systems (FSS) Paradigm
•
The FSS paradigm is based on satellites belonging to different missions, which are offering on a peer-to- peer basis some of their capabilities (e.g.: sensors, feeder link throughput, on-board memory, etc.);
•
The obvious assumption is that such satellites must be able to exchange information through inter- satellite links, coping with heterogeneous waveforms, protocols and standards;
•
More generally, new, adaptive payload technologies are required in order to cope with the increasing demand for reconfigurability, flexibility and responsiveness in space-based infrastructures. 3
4. 4
FSS Infrastructure: Key Areas and Open Issues
•
In order to achieve the goal of a truly interoperable, service-oriented Federated Satellite Systems infrastructure, some key areas need to be developed:
International cooperation, both in the public and the private sector;
Standardization (interfaces, metrics, procedures, protocols);
Modularity (modular system architectures, modular spacecraft design, plug-and-play subsystems, etc.);
Flexibility (optical inter-satellite links, SDR payloads, active phased-array and reconfigurable antennas, etc);
Integration (wireless networks and technologies, Internet).
•
Some open issues have to be addressed and resolved:
Security (encryption techniques, VPN approaches, government and commercial confidentiality, ITAR, etc.);
Overall management & organization of shared resources;
Liability issues.
6. 6
Role of SDR in Space Systems
•
Substantial benefits are expected in the satellite industry from the introduction of general-purpose, flexible and easily reconfigurable telecommunications equipment, both for on-board and on-ground applications;
•
Flexibility requirements, both in operations and w.r.t. technological evolution, explain the wide popularity of Software Defined Radios (SDR’s) in wireless communications;
•
Software Defined Radio technologies can be envisioned on-board communications satellites, as a promising answer to the compelling need for reconfigurable, flexible payloads over ever longer satellite lifetimes.
7. 7
What is Software-Defined Radio?
SDR Definition: “Radios that provide software control of a variety of modulation techniques, wide-band or narrow-band operations, communications security functions such as hopping, and waveform requirements of current and evolving standards over a broad frequency range”. (SDR Forum)
8. 8
SDR Integration Tiers
•
Tier 0: A non-configurable hardware radio (no software configurability);
•
Tier 1: A software controlled radio where limited functions are controllable;
•
Tier 2: A significant proportion of the radio is software configurable (frequency, modulation, bandwidth), but the RF front end still remains hardware based and non-reconfigurable;
•
Tier 3: The “ideal “software radio, where all but antenna, LNA and RF power amplifier is software reconfigurable. This way, the radio can be said to have full programmability
•
Tier 4: The ultimate software radio not only has full programmability, but it is also able to support a broad range of functions and frequencies at the same time (many commercial cellphones actually belong to this category).
9. 9
Advantages of SDR in Space Applications
•
SDR potential benefits include:
–
OBP not strictly dependent on a particular physical layer
–
“Virtual” transparency of satellite to air-interfaces
–
Possibility to introduce new services
–
Possibility to update software radio payload with state-of-the- art signal processing algorithms
•
Different options are viable in the system design:
–
Reconfigurability: implementation of hardware embedded functionalities soft reconfigurable.
–
Reprogrammability: functionalities updated via re-programming
10. 10
On-Board SDR Applications: Call for Flexibility
•
Operators and manufacturers face today the need of improved payload flexibility and performance without dramatically increasing complexity and cost.
•
Operators are attracted by:
–
the possibility of adapting the ever-longer living satellites to unpredictable business conditions or to crisis situations,
–
Spacecrafts coverage adaptability to different orbital locations.
•
Manufacturers expect substantial benefits in introducing generic payloads both for:
–
reducing non-recurrent design schedule/costs
–
decreasing parts’ count
–
increasing generic equipment volumes.
•
The trade-off between fully customized and general purpose designs will remain.
11. 11
The Software Defined Radio Paradigm
•
Software Defined Radios (SDR) consist of a collection of hardware and software technologies to reconfigure radios for multiple different communication systems.
•
On-board SDR techniques may be attractive in both alleviating operational risks associated to regenerative payload, and in extending capabilities of translucent payloads.
•
Regenerative satellites, based on On-Board- Processing (OBP), are known to provide better performances at the risk of a rapid obsolescence with the emersion of new transmission standards not fitting with the frozen on-board capabilities.
12. 12
Software-Defined Payloads (SDP’s)
Software Defined Payloads (SDPs) consist of on-board hardware and software technologies to in-flight reconfigure satellite payloads for multiple different communications scenarios.
15. 15
SDR for On-Board TT&C Transponders
COM DEV Europe SDR TT&C Transponder, Developed under ESA ARTES Programme
Block Diagram of the SDR UHF TT&C Transceiver
(ESA Study)
16. 16
SDR for On-Ground User Terminals
Block Diagram of SDR-4000, a fully software-defined commercial- off-the-shelf (COTS) platform that supports the Inmarsat BGAN (courtesy of Spectrum Signal Processing by Vecima, Canada)
ACCORD (“AutomatiC reCOnfigurable Radio for Dual-use”) Platform Architecture (ESA Study)
17. 17
SDR for GNSS Ground User Receivers
General Block Diagram of the Open Source GNSS SDR Receiver developed by the Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC).
18. 18
SDR-Based Experimental Satellite Ranging
Blue plot shows ranging measurement, while black one the range prediction based on SGP4 orbital propagator, which is not able to predict local deviation from the simple model it uses.
20. 20
Conclusions
•
The Software Defined Radio technology fits very well into a general trend towards more flexible, cost-effective, reconfigurable and time-responsive satellite missions;
•
The introduction of Software Defined Radio (SDR) technologies on-board communications satellite is presently envisioned as a promising and likely answer to the compelling need for reconfigurable, flexible payloads over ever longer satellite lifetimes;
•
Satellite communications are the prime potential beneficiary of SDR. In particular, TT&C transponders look very mature in terms of space missions, constituting a good example of plug- and-play, standardized spacecraft components;
•
Satellite ground terminals, both for data communications and for GNSS positioning, are an immediate, commercially very attractive field of application of SDR, moving towards ever more integrated and versatile wireless terminals.