The auxiliary verbs in English are be, have, and do. They are used to form tenses, moods, voices, negatives, and questions of other verbs. Be is used to form continuous and passive constructions. Have is used to form perfect tenses. Do is used to form negatives and questions in simple present and past tenses. Modal verbs like can, may, will are also considered auxiliary verbs and come before be and have in verb phrases.
Adverbs of frecuency and sequence connectorsFAURODIS
This document discusses adverbs of frequency in English. It defines adverbs of frequency as words that indicate how often something occurs, either definitely as in daily or weekly, or indefinitely as in sometimes or often. It provides examples of common adverbs of frequency and discusses their proper placement in sentences. The document explains that adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb of a sentence, except with forms of "to be" where they go after. It also provides examples of using adverbs of frequency.
This document provides guidance on strategies for the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL exam, specifically Part A which involves short conversations. It discusses language functions assessed in Part A such as agreement, disagreement, suggestions, and wishes. Expressions used to convey each function are outlined, for example "So do I" to agree or "I disagree" to disagree. The document explains how to interpret implied meanings from language like conditional sentences and wishes, which suggest the opposite of what is stated. Overall, the document aims to help test-takers understand language functions and implied meanings that may appear in short conversations on the TOEFL exam.
The auxiliary verbs in English are be, have, and do. They are used to form tenses, moods, voices, negatives, and questions of other verbs. Be is used to form continuous and passive constructions. Have is used to form perfect tenses. Do is used to form negatives and questions in simple present and past tenses. Modal verbs like can, may, will are also considered auxiliary verbs and come before be and have in verb phrases.
Adverbs of frecuency and sequence connectorsFAURODIS
This document discusses adverbs of frequency in English. It defines adverbs of frequency as words that indicate how often something occurs, either definitely as in daily or weekly, or indefinitely as in sometimes or often. It provides examples of common adverbs of frequency and discusses their proper placement in sentences. The document explains that adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb of a sentence, except with forms of "to be" where they go after. It also provides examples of using adverbs of frequency.
This document provides guidance on strategies for the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL exam, specifically Part A which involves short conversations. It discusses language functions assessed in Part A such as agreement, disagreement, suggestions, and wishes. Expressions used to convey each function are outlined, for example "So do I" to agree or "I disagree" to disagree. The document explains how to interpret implied meanings from language like conditional sentences and wishes, which suggest the opposite of what is stated. Overall, the document aims to help test-takers understand language functions and implied meanings that may appear in short conversations on the TOEFL exam.
This document discusses two patterns of expressing commands: verbal commands and nominal commands. Verbal commands place the bare infinitive verb at the beginning of the sentence, such as "Stand up!" or "Close the door!". Nominal commands place "BE" at the beginning and use a non-verb complement, like "Be careful!" or "Be on time!". The document provides examples of each pattern and two dialogues demonstrating commands being used in conversations.
This document discusses the four basic types of conditional sentences in English: zero, one, two, and three. It explains that each type has an if clause and a main clause. The zero conditional describes always true situations and uses the simple present tense in both clauses. Type one refers to present or future possibilities and uses the simple present and future tenses. Type two also refers to present/future but are less likely possibilities, using the simple past and future-in-the-past tenses. Type three always refers to the past, using the past perfect in the if clause and conditional perfect in the main clause to discuss unlikely past situations.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 29Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on punctuation, focusing specifically on commas and apostrophes. It begins by explaining that punctuation depends on grammar and serves to indicate pauses, gestures, and tones in writing that are present in speech. The document then details five main uses of the comma: between items in a series, after introductory material, around words that interrupt sentence flow, between complete thoughts joined by a conjunction, and with direct quotations. Examples and practice exercises are provided for each comma rule. The document also explains the two main uses of the apostrophe: to indicate contractions and possessive nouns. Definitions and examples of each apostrophe use are given.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It discusses independent and dependent clauses, and explains that clauses contain a subject and verb while phrases do not. It also covers noun phrases, noun clauses introduced by question words like what and how, noun clauses introduced by whether/if and that, and question words followed by infinitives. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
O documento descreve as regras do tempo verbal Simple Present no inglês. Explica que o Simple Present é usado para ações habituais no presente, verdades universais e preferências. Detalha ainda as regras de conjugação deste tempo verbal nas formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa de acordo com a terminação dos verbos.
The document discusses adverbs of frequency and their usage. It provides examples of common adverbs like always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely and never. It explains that adverbs of frequency come after forms of the verb "to be" and usually come before other verbs. Additionally, it notes that usually and sometimes can be used at the beginning or end of sentences. The document also covers using "ever" in yes/no questions about frequency versus affirmative statements.
This document discusses the present perfect simple tense in English. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to describe actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past, recent events, or actions that began in the past but continue in the present. It provides examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present perfect tense and lists irregular past participles. It also discusses time expressions like "for," "since," "already," and "yet" that are used with the present perfect tense and provides examples of their usage.
This document discusses different situations in which the subject and verb may be inverted in English sentences. It covers inversion with question words, place expressions, negatives, conditionals, and comparisons. Specifically, it explains that the subject and verb invert when a question word introduces a question or when a place expression, negative, "had/should/were", or comparison is required to complete the sentence. But inversion is optional after comparisons and doesn't occur when the question word or place expression provides extra information.
This document provides a lesson on using "should" and "shouldn't" to give suggestions in English. It explains that "should" is used to suggest doing something, like "You should do your homework." Examples are given like "You look tired, you should rest." "Shouldn't" suggests not doing something, like "You shouldn't drive too fast." More examples of using "should" and "shouldn't" are provided and students practice making suggestions about pictures. The lesson concludes with a discussion activity to have students make sentences using "should" and "shouldn't."
This document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It defines the passive voice and how it contrasts with the active voice. It also provides examples of transforming sentences from active to passive voice. The key points covered include:
1. The passive voice involves making the subject of the sentence receive the action rather than perform it.
2. To form a passive sentence, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
3. There are some verbs like ditransitive verbs that can form two types of passive sentences depending on which object is used as the subject.
This document discusses asking for and providing suggestions. It provides examples of asking for suggestions, such as about taking a dream job far from family or what to order at a restaurant. When asking for suggestions, it is good to provide context and listen to the ideas and opinions of others. Suggestions should aim to help the person by considering their situation and needs.
Widya borrows a book from Erlin and Putri borrows money from Dhika. Various exchanges of offering and requesting help, drinks, or food are discussed. The documents also discuss opinions on school and Indonesia, a profile of the athlete Taufik Hidayat, what someone wants to be and why, and conducting a class survey on dreams and reasons.
The document discusses different types of conditional clauses in English.
Type 0 conditional refers to general truths using the present tense. Type 1 conditional refers to probable future events using "if + present" and "will + base form". Type 2 conditional refers to improbable or hypothetical scenarios using "if + past" and "would + base form". Type 3 conditional refers to impossible past scenarios using "if + past perfect" and "would have + past participle". The different conditional types are used to express consequences, possibilities and implications depending on whether the condition refers to facts, the future, hypotheticals or the past.
This document discusses two patterns of expressing commands: verbal commands and nominal commands. Verbal commands place the bare infinitive verb at the beginning of the sentence, such as "Stand up!" or "Close the door!". Nominal commands place "BE" at the beginning and use a non-verb complement, like "Be careful!" or "Be on time!". The document provides examples of each pattern and two dialogues demonstrating commands being used in conversations.
This document discusses the four basic types of conditional sentences in English: zero, one, two, and three. It explains that each type has an if clause and a main clause. The zero conditional describes always true situations and uses the simple present tense in both clauses. Type one refers to present or future possibilities and uses the simple present and future tenses. Type two also refers to present/future but are less likely possibilities, using the simple past and future-in-the-past tenses. Type three always refers to the past, using the past perfect in the if clause and conditional perfect in the main clause to discuss unlikely past situations.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 29Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on punctuation, focusing specifically on commas and apostrophes. It begins by explaining that punctuation depends on grammar and serves to indicate pauses, gestures, and tones in writing that are present in speech. The document then details five main uses of the comma: between items in a series, after introductory material, around words that interrupt sentence flow, between complete thoughts joined by a conjunction, and with direct quotations. Examples and practice exercises are provided for each comma rule. The document also explains the two main uses of the apostrophe: to indicate contractions and possessive nouns. Definitions and examples of each apostrophe use are given.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It discusses independent and dependent clauses, and explains that clauses contain a subject and verb while phrases do not. It also covers noun phrases, noun clauses introduced by question words like what and how, noun clauses introduced by whether/if and that, and question words followed by infinitives. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
O documento descreve as regras do tempo verbal Simple Present no inglês. Explica que o Simple Present é usado para ações habituais no presente, verdades universais e preferências. Detalha ainda as regras de conjugação deste tempo verbal nas formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa de acordo com a terminação dos verbos.
The document discusses adverbs of frequency and their usage. It provides examples of common adverbs like always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely and never. It explains that adverbs of frequency come after forms of the verb "to be" and usually come before other verbs. Additionally, it notes that usually and sometimes can be used at the beginning or end of sentences. The document also covers using "ever" in yes/no questions about frequency versus affirmative statements.
This document discusses the present perfect simple tense in English. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to describe actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past, recent events, or actions that began in the past but continue in the present. It provides examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present perfect tense and lists irregular past participles. It also discusses time expressions like "for," "since," "already," and "yet" that are used with the present perfect tense and provides examples of their usage.
This document discusses different situations in which the subject and verb may be inverted in English sentences. It covers inversion with question words, place expressions, negatives, conditionals, and comparisons. Specifically, it explains that the subject and verb invert when a question word introduces a question or when a place expression, negative, "had/should/were", or comparison is required to complete the sentence. But inversion is optional after comparisons and doesn't occur when the question word or place expression provides extra information.
This document provides a lesson on using "should" and "shouldn't" to give suggestions in English. It explains that "should" is used to suggest doing something, like "You should do your homework." Examples are given like "You look tired, you should rest." "Shouldn't" suggests not doing something, like "You shouldn't drive too fast." More examples of using "should" and "shouldn't" are provided and students practice making suggestions about pictures. The lesson concludes with a discussion activity to have students make sentences using "should" and "shouldn't."
This document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It defines the passive voice and how it contrasts with the active voice. It also provides examples of transforming sentences from active to passive voice. The key points covered include:
1. The passive voice involves making the subject of the sentence receive the action rather than perform it.
2. To form a passive sentence, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
3. There are some verbs like ditransitive verbs that can form two types of passive sentences depending on which object is used as the subject.
This document discusses asking for and providing suggestions. It provides examples of asking for suggestions, such as about taking a dream job far from family or what to order at a restaurant. When asking for suggestions, it is good to provide context and listen to the ideas and opinions of others. Suggestions should aim to help the person by considering their situation and needs.
Widya borrows a book from Erlin and Putri borrows money from Dhika. Various exchanges of offering and requesting help, drinks, or food are discussed. The documents also discuss opinions on school and Indonesia, a profile of the athlete Taufik Hidayat, what someone wants to be and why, and conducting a class survey on dreams and reasons.
The document discusses different types of conditional clauses in English.
Type 0 conditional refers to general truths using the present tense. Type 1 conditional refers to probable future events using "if + present" and "will + base form". Type 2 conditional refers to improbable or hypothetical scenarios using "if + past" and "would + base form". Type 3 conditional refers to impossible past scenarios using "if + past perfect" and "would have + past participle". The different conditional types are used to express consequences, possibilities and implications depending on whether the condition refers to facts, the future, hypotheticals or the past.
The document provides a grammar exercise on modal verbs in Turkish. It contains 20 sentences with blanks to be filled in using modal verbs like "must, can't, may, might, could" and their past tense forms. The sentences cover common uses of modals like speculation, deduction, permission, ability and necessity. Students are asked to fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs or past tense forms.
The document provides exercises to practice using the phrases "Used to" and "Be Used to". It contains three parts:
A) Rewrite sentences using "Used to"
B) Complete sentences using "Used to" or "Be Used to"
C) Provides the answers to the exercises
This document provides a modal verbs exercise in Turkish where students are given sentences and asked to draw conclusions using "Can't", "Must", or "Might". It includes 10 sentences where conclusions can be drawn about a person's wealth, job, identity, pain level, neighbors, salary increase, and identity. The answers are provided at the end.
The document discusses a modal verbs exercise where the reader is asked to fill in the blanks of 20 sentences with the appropriate modal verb. It provides the sentences with blanks and the keys to fill in the correct modal verb for each blank. The sentences cover common uses of modal verbs like ability, permission, possibility, necessity and prohibition.
The document discusses a modal verbs exercise in Turkish. It provides 10 fill-in-the-blank questions for parts A and B requiring the use of modal verbs like "have to", "must", "can", "could" etc. The answers/keys are then provided to complete the exercises.
The document provides a grammar exercise on modals such as "can-can't", "must-mustn't", "have to-don't have to". It contains 3 parts with multiple choice questions to test understanding of ability and obligation. Part A contains sentences to be filled in with "can or can't". Part B contains sentences to be filled in with "can-can't or must-mustn't". Part C contains sentences to be filled in with "must-mustn't or have to-don't have to". The answers or keys are provided at the end.
Present perfect tense & simple past tense alıştırmaalikemal28
This document provides a practice exercise contrasting the simple past tense and present perfect tense. It contains 31 sentences with blanks that must be filled in with either the simple past or present perfect tense of verbs provided. The answers key is then provided to check the responses.
Temel Teknikler - Esat Başaran Akademi Refleksoloji
Sıklık zarfları konu anlatımı
1. Frequency Adverbs yani sıklık zarfları ''Simple Present
Tense
( Geniş Zaman
)'' sıklık
zarflarıdır.
Adında da
anlaş ılacağı gibi bir eylemin, bir işin ne sıklıkta yapıldığı belirten
ifadelerdir.
Geniş
zamanla alakalı zarfl arı iki
kategoride
inceliyoruz.
1.KATEGORİ / CATEGORY
Cümlede yeri özne ile fiil aras ında olan sıklık zarflarıdır. Yani '' S + sıklık zarfı + Verb'' şeklinde
formülüz e edebiliriz.Cümlede kullanılma yerleri tablodaki gibidir.
Bu zarfların başlıcaları:
always------her zaman
almost always / nearly always --------hemen hemen ( neredeyse ) her zaman
very often -----------çok sık
usually / generally ----------genellikle
often / frequently ------------s ık sık
sometimes / occa sionally ------------bazen, ara sıra
rarely / seldom -----------ender, nadiren, seyrek
hardly ever / scarcely ever / almost never --------hemen hemen hiç
never -----------hiç bir zaman, asla
Yukarıdaki zarflardan en çok '' always, usually, often, sometime s, seldom, rarely, never ''
kullanılmaktadır. Diğer ifadeler pek karş ınıza çıkmaz. Tablolaştırılmış haline bakarak sıklık
derecelerinin yüzdelerini görebilirsiniz arkadaşlar.
2. Birkaç örneğe şöyle bir göz atalım.
1.Kemal always sings in Frenc h. ( Kemal, her zaman Fransızca şarkı söyler. )
2.I sometimes feel bad. ( Ben bazen kötü hissederim. )
3.Melda usually goes to the cinema. ( Melda, genellikle sinemaya gider.)
4.We never smoke. ( Biz hiç sigara içmeyiz. )
5.Tom and Sally rarely see each other. ( Tom ve Sally, nadiren birbirleriyle görüşür. )
Şeklinde örneklerimizi çoğaltabiliriz. Dikkat edilmesi gereken yer ''Özne ile fiil '' arasına gelen sıklık
zarfları olduklarıdır.
Şimdi konu hakkında biraz daha derinleşelim. Önceki derslerden hatırlayacağınız üzere , ''to be ( am
,is,are ) '' da aslında geniş zaman ifadesidir. E vet fiilimiz illa ki gitmek, gelmek gibi bir fiil olmaz
zorunda değildir. ''To be'' nin de başlı başına bir fiil olduğunu önceden belirtmiştik. Peki bu zarfların
'' to be '' ile kullanımı var mıdır? Tabi ki vardır. Ancak konu başında belirttiğim nerede yaz ılacağı
formülünden biraz farklı olarak. Sıklık zarflarımız ''am, is, are'' dan sonra gelir.Şöyle bir karş ılaştırma
yapalım:
He always goes to work late.( O her zaman işe geç gider )
He is always late for work. ( O her zaman işe geç kalır. )
Olumsuz cümlelerde ise sıklık zarflarının yeri ise biraz değişmektedir. Madde madde yazacak olursak .
;a. ''always '' daima olumsuzluk eki olan ''not'' tan sonra gelir.
She doe sn't always wake up early. ( O her zaman erken kalkmaz. )
I am not always happy. ( Ben her zaman mutlu değilim. )
b. ''frequently, occasionally ve sometimes '' olumsuzluk ekinden önce gelir.
You sometimes don't study your lessons.( Sen bazen (arasıra ) derslerine çalışmazsın. )
Bahar frequently doesn't do her homework.( Bahar, ödevlerini pek sık yapmaz. )
I occasionally don't care about myself. ( Ben genellikle kendim hakkımda pek endişelenmem. )
c. Birinci tekil şahıs olan '' I '' öznesinde yukarıdaki durum geçerli değildir.
I am sometimes not modest about my career. ( Bazen kariyerim hakkında pek alçakgönüllü
olamıyorum. )
3. d. ''usually,often ve generally '' her iki durumda da kullanılır.
We usually don't pay the bills on time. ( Biz genellikle faturaları zamanında ödemeyiz. )
We don't usually pay the bills on time. ( Biz genellikle faturaları zamanında ödemeyiz. )
e.'' never, almost never, hardly ever, seldom, rarely '' zaten olums uz anlam
taşımaktadır. Dolay ısıyla olumsuz cümlede kullanılmaz. Sadece olumlu cümlelerde kullanılırlar ancak
olumsuz anlam taşırlar. Tıpkı yapıca olumlu anlamca olumsuz cümleler gibi.
He never plays basketball. ( O, hiç basketbol oynamaz. )
You hardly ever go to a dentist. ( Sen nadiren dişçiye gidersin. )
I rarely wear suit. ( Ben nadiren takım elbise giyerim. )
f.Olumlu anlam taş ıyan sıklık zarfları ki bunlar ''occasionally , sometime s, often, generally,
usually '' cümlede vurguyu artırmak için cümle baş ında kullanılabilir.Özellikle de '' sometimes ''.
Sometimes Kerim starts to laugh.( Kerim bazen kendi kendine gülmey e başlar. )
Generally the people watch magazine programmes. (Genellikle insanlar magazin programlarını izler.)
2.KATEGORİ/ CATEGORY
Bu
kategorideki
zarflar
en
çok
cümle
sonunda
kullanılır.Ancak
cümle
başında
da
kullanılabilirler.Anlamsal olarak bir farklılık söz konusu değildir. Sadece cümle başında yaz ıldıklarında
bu zarflardan sonra virgül (, ) gelir. En belirgin özellikleri birden fazla kelimeden oluşmalarıdır.
Bu zarflar;
''every day, week, weekend, month, year ''
''once a week , twice a week, three times a week, once a month, twice a month, there times a
month... ''
''several times a day,a week, a mont h, a year...''
'' in the morning, in the afternoon, in the night, at night...''
Örneklere bir göz atalım şimdi.
1.I go to the cinema once a week .( Haftada bir kez sinemaya giderim.)
2.You play football three times a month. ( Ayda üç kere futbol oynars ın. )
3.Twice a year, we meet at a cafe. ( Yılda iki kere bir kafede buluşuruz. ) vb cümleler yazmak
mümkündür.