SITE ANALYSIS

TAMAN BOTANI NEGARA SHAH ALAM
(GROUP A)

PALMS & BAMBOO01
0
Thick palm tree Thin palm tree Salacca Coconut tree Bamboo

TREES02
Sesendok tree Shorea SP. Dokong tree Cempedak tree Ludai tree

SHRUBS & FLOWER03
CordylineKopsia Cow grass Bougainvillea

PALM TREE
● Tall (8-10 metres ) & thin bark
● Grow in the tropics
● Palms inhabit a variety of ecosystems :
poor drainage area or regular flooding,
tropical mountain habitats, grasslands
and scrublands, desert oases, extremely
basic lime soils
● General uses: cultivation of the date palm,
palm wood, rattan cane
PALMSCHARACTERISTICS05
BAMBOO
● Tall (9-10 metres)
● Quick-growing, versatile , non-timber
forest product whose rate of biomass
generation is unsurpassed by any
other plants.
● Has a higher compressive
strength than wood, brick, or concrete
and a tensile strength that rivals steel
● Main feature : culms, which are strong,
straight, smooth, light, hard and
hollow
● Small, narrow leaves
● General Uses : used for building
materials, as a food source, and as a
versatile raw product.

COCONUT TREE
● Mid-range height ( 6 metres )
● Strong thin bark preferred for its :
straightness, strength, salt resistance
● Long Light feathery leaves
● It has shallow roots
● Grows well in drained areas
● General uses : Coconut milk, wood,
husks and shells for charcoal
PALMSCHARACTERISTICS05
SALACCA SP.
● Medium height (4-6 metres)
● Strong thin bark preferred for its :
straightness, strength, salt resistance
● Long Light feathery leaves
● It has shallow roots
● Grows well in drained areas
● General uses : Coconut milk, wood, husks
and shells for charcoal

SESENDOK
● Mid-canopy tree (10m) with a
diffused, dome-shaped crown
● Grows along tropical lowland,
rivers and steep slopes
● Grows best in sunny conditions
and in sandy soil
● Fast growing
● Abundance of heart shaped
leaves compacted together
● Soft and thin wood
● Flowers once or twice a year
● General uses : wood for
construction (match box,
drawing boards, planks)
TREESCHARACTERISTICS05
SHOREA SP.
● “Emergent Storey” tree
● Large tree (up to 50 metres) with a
hemispherical crown
● Straight, cylindrical bole that can be free
of branches for 18 - 24 metres
● Ranges in Southeast Asia
● Critically endangered
● Grows well in lowland areas in moist
tropics
● Very durable wood that is in mid-range
in terms of weight and hardness
● General uses : light construction,
plywood, planking

DOKONG
● Average sized ( 6 metres )
● Irregular trunk
● Hard, thick and heavy wood
● Buttress roots exposed above
ground
● Flowers grow in clusters that hang
from branches and trunks
● Very low wind tolerance and grows
preferably in shade
● Has thick and cloudy resin
● Grows in rich, moist, acidic soil
● Good nesting area for ants due to
their sweet fruits
● General uses : fruit syrup, wood for
constructing rural houses,
traditional medicine
CEMPEDAK
● Tall tree and can grow up to 20m
● Its smooth bark becomes thick and
rough as it ages
● Leaves are dull to medium green and
have long brown wiry hair on the surface
● Uses : fruit, timber used in furniture-
making and building

LUDAI
● Deciduous
● Monoecious
● Small to medium-sized trees up to 30 m tall
● The bole is columnar to sinuous, up to 60 cm in diameter,
sometimes fluted at base or with steep buttresses.
● Natural habitat : Sapium species are found scattered in well
drained primary and secondary evergreen to deciduous rain
forests, up to 800 m of altitude.

KOPSIA
● Short shrub ( 2 metres )
with pale green leathery
leaves
● Delicate five-petaled flowers
in white or a very pale pink,
with a vivid crimson center
● Grows in the tropics
● Slow growth
● Commonly used as an
annual/bedding plant
SHRUBS & FLOWERSCHARACTERISTICS05
CORDYLINE SP.
● Short shrub ( 3 metres )
● Evergreen flowering plant
● Woody stem with long leaves
● Grows in the tropics
● Produces yellowish to red flowers that
mature into edible red berries
● General uses : leaves were used to
thatch the roofs of houses, leaves for
wrapping or food storage, medicine

BOUGAINVILLEA
● Popular ornamental plants in most
areas with warm climates
● Evergreen where rainfall occurs all
year or deciduous in dry season
● Actual flower of the plant is small and
generally white but is surrounded by
three or six bracts with bright colours
● Green heart shaped leaves (8-13 cm)
● Grows well in rich loamy, well-
drained soils but is adaptable
● Thorny plant
● Fast growth rate and readily
available
SHRUBS & FLOWERSCHARACTERISTICS05
COW GRASS
● Fast growing
● Generally reaches 15 cm and flowering
culms up to 30-45 cm high
● It is shallow-rooted
● Leaf blades are shiny, flat and folded
● Grows slowly during dry season and
withstands heavy grazing
● May become a weed under favourable
conditions such as high rainfall and high
temperatures
● General uses : often used as a
permanent pasture, groundcover, turf in
moist, low fertility soils

02
01
04 05
060708
09
POND
BAMBOO 03COCONUT TREES TALL TREES
MUDDY SOIL
SMALL HUT
TREES WITH THORNSFLOWERING BUSHES
DRAINAGE
Good view
Cool air ventilation
Sufficient natural light
Very exposed
Provide privacy
Stable soil = Stable
structure
Shading
Risk of getting hit by
falling coconut
Doesn’t provide
shading
Dead trunk
LANDSCAPEANALYSIS
/OPPORTUNITIES
Risk of getting hit by
falling coconut
Doesn’t provide shading
06
Difficult to build on due to
soft soil
Mosquito breeding ground
Resting Area
Provide Shading
Eyesore
Risk of getting hurt
Doesn’t provide shading
Good view
Attracts animal (birds,
insects)
Mosquito breeding ground
Bad smell
Unhygienic
! This slide talks about things that are offered by the spots/location we’ve chosen, whether they are an advantage or disadvantage, it’s all up to your preference

1
6
3 4
5
2
Hut
Sign board
Private building
Fertilizer station
Bridge with brick
pathway
Gazebo 23m²
42m²
108m²
240m²
2m²
25m²
LEGEND:
1
3
4
5
6
2
Lamp post 5m²

Starting point from
HUT, there is a
signboard 40 feet
away from it.
1
6
3 4
5
2
A private building
can be see from a
distance of 168 feet
away.
A compost station
is located 56 feet
from the private
building.
Continue walking 87
feet to the T-
junction, where
there is a bridge
with brick pathway
which connects to a
gazebo.
HUMAN CIRCULATION01
LEGEND:
Hut
Sign board
Private building
Compost station
Bridge with pathway
Gazebo
1
3
4
5
6
2
Lamp post

HUT02
-Surrounding trees and bushes provide shade to
the structure
-Low penetration of sunlight
-Used for storing tools
-Ridge vent for ventilation
PLAN
ELEVATION
AIR FLOW

SIGNBOARD03
PLAN
ELEVATION
-Located at the T- junction, which is a prominent location,
suitable for a signage
-Board lacks information.

PRIVATE BUILDING04
-Located beside the composting station
-Good ventilation
-Odorless
-Not accessible to public
PLAN
ELEVATION

COMPOST STATION05
-Located beside the private building
-Constructed with semi open structure
-High ventilation
-Little unpleasant odor
-Not accessible to public ELEVATION
PLAN

BRIDGE WITH BRICK PATHWAY06
-Leads to the gazebo
-Made from clay bricks, durable and can withstand wear and
tear of constant footsteps
-Suitable for use of small transportation
-Porous nature of clay breaks prevents formation of puddles
-Also leads to another gazebo located further back ELEVATION
PLAN

GAZEBO07
PLAN
ELEVATION
-Location shaded by surrounding trees
-Resting spot for public
-Highly accessibility
-Open design ensures good ventilation and a cool environment

COLLECTIVE ANALYSIS08
Due to the lack of maintenance, these structures are in poor
condition but still acceptable overall. The relevant authorities
should take the initiatives to clean up and maintain the
surrounding.The usage of materials such as clay tiles, bricks
and concrete on these structures require minimum
maintenance, yet maximizes the natural ventilation at the
same time.

COLLECTIVE ANALYSIS08
These buildings are mostly neglected, poorly
maintained and not accessible by public.
The surroundings should be cleaned up for aesthetic
purposes. Also, there should be a proper pathway to
enhance the accessibility of the hut for visitors.
The main materials for the private building include
bricks, ceramic tiles and clay tiles for roof. The
utilization of these materials minimize the amount of
maintenance work. The building is not accessible for
public.
To minimize the unpleasant odor from the fertilizer station,
trees must be planted to act as a buffer medium, also to
provide a shading area. The zinc roof also acts as a reflective
medium which reflects heat and reduces the temperature of
the structure.

SUN PATH01
- An average of 8 hours per day of
sunshine.
- The golden hours, defined as the
hours with a comfortable intensity
of sunlight are 8a.m. to 10a.m. and 5
p.m. to 6p.m.
- Sunlight will be harshest at around
12pm. to 1p.m.

LIGHT INTENSITY02
- Highest light intensity are along
the trail and lakes.
- Followed by the trail sides and
lakeside.
- The end of the trail has the lowest
light intensity because it
surrounded by trees and sunlight
is blocked throughout the day.

SHADED AREAS03
- Most of the shaded area are
formed under the trees.
- The gazebos provide the shading
area for people to rest.
- The end of the trail has the most
shaded area because the dense
vegetation shields the sunlight
from the site

ANNUAL WIND DISTRIBUTION04
- Southwest Monsoon (April to September)
Prevailing wind flow brings warm, humid
climate and torrential rainfall.
- Northeast Monsoon (October to March)
Strong winds brings cold and moist air
from South China Sea. The site is affected
by this monsoon wind as its rainfall higher
than normal season.
- March and October are the transitions
between two monsoons.

WIND ROSE05
- Most of the wind comes
from the south but the
wind normally come from
northeast and southwest.
- The average wind speed
has been around 4 km/h.
The highest wind speed will
be 19 km/h.

RAINFALL06
- The average monthly amount of
precipitation is recorded at around 240
mm.
- February and July are the driest months
because there have low precipitation.
- October to November are the peaks of high
rainfall following by April and May which
have the high precipitation with an
accumulation of around 270mm due to
monsoon seasons.

HUMIDITY07
The trail has the lowest humidity because it is
exposed to sunlight. The end of the trail has
higher humidity which more 80% because
sunlight would be blocked. The area which near
the lakes got the highest humidity because the
air are moist.

HUMIDITY07
- On average, May and November are the
most humid months due to high
precipitation.
- These are decisively unfavorable conditions
for hiking. People may feel infirmity and
easily get sweat.
- March is the least humid month.

TEMPERATURE08
- Monthly average maximum temperature
ranges from 32 to 34°C.
- Monthly average minimum temperature
ranges from 22 to 24°C.
- The average maximum and minimum
temperature per month vary less than 2 °C
annually.
- For the site, daytime average maximum
temperature will be around 32°C. At night
the average minimum temperature drops
down to around 22°C.

8.30 a.m. - 11.00 a.m. 11.00 a.m. - 2.00 p.m. 2.00 p.m. - 4.00 p.m.
Jogging Cycling FishingRest
Most of the people are
cycling and jogging. The
temperature and sunlight is
more suitable for people to
walk around there.
People started to leave the site
due to the increase in
temperature. Most of them
went for lunch and rest.
Some people brought their
fishing pole, baits and other
equipments to start fishing
ACTIVITIES SCHEDULE

Relationship between thermal comfort of user and number of users
According to the some study on thermal comfort and user behaviors in outdoor
spaces, as the temperature increase people tended to engage in static
activities in environments that exhibit sufficient shading. The shaded areas
were conducive to static activities as the temperature gets higher.
ACTIVITIES ANALYSIS
Changes in the mean user time spent in sunny and
shaded areas during the hot seasons.
PET (physiological equivalent temperature)
= a universal index for the biometeorological
assessment of the thermal environment
Between 12 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. people prefer to engage in outdoor leisure activities in
areas containing shade-providing trees or shelter, avoiding direct exposure to
intense solar irradiance. Taman Cempedak is a perfect spot which provided natural
shading and slightly inclined landscape with visually pleasing view which encourage
people to rest and curry out static activities.

Jogging
Cycling
Picnic
Fishing
STATIC & DYNAMIC ACTIVITIES
Static activities is performed at a
specific site and area. People pay
more attention toward the
surrounding provided a best
opportunity to catch people’s
attention.
Dynamic activities is performed in
a larger area people are less notice
toward the surrounding area. And
the density of people in a
particular area is lower.

Seasoned activities / Temporary event
There are some temporary event such as Karnival
Sambutan Musim Bunga, Hari Terakhir Persekolahan,
Musim Bunga which have potential to boost up the
number of visitor at the site.
Camping
Some area of the site is suitable for camping such as
Taman Cempedak area provided a best spot for
camping.
OTHER POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES

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4 5 6 11
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3 41 65
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8 9

POSITIVE
VIEW 7
POSITIVE
VIEW 1
POSITIVE
VIEW 8
POSITIVE
VIEW 9
POSITIVE
VIEW 2
POSITIVE
VIEW 4
POSITIVE
VIEW 3
POSITIVE
VIEW 6
POSITIVE
VIEW 5

- The lake is surrounded on all sides by lush
vegetation and greenery.
- Its close proximity to the main road ensures
that this site is seen clearly by every
pedestrian passing by, turning it into a visual
focal point.
.
01 POSITIVE VIEW

POSITIVE VIEW02
- The lake located in view behind the site is
stagnant and murky.
- However, the lush vegetation between the lake
and the site partially shields the view of said
lake.
- The elevation of the site is a gradual decline,
allowing the user on the site a measure of
privacy.

03 POSITIVE VIEW
- The user on site has a clear view of the lake,
south from the site.
- The site is shielded by the thick foliage of the
surrounding bamboo plants which creates a
sense of protection, suitable for a insecure user.
- The thick foliage also decreases the penetration
of sunlight, creating a shaded area.

POSITIVE VIEW04
- The shrubs on site are planted orderly and well
maintained.
- The lack of tall trees creates a lack of shade,
exposing the clearing to intense sunlight.
- The elevation of the site is flat and even.
- The overgrown weeds towards the south of the site
contrasts with the orderly arrangement of the
shrubs on site

POSITIVE VIEW05
- The tall trees on site create shades for the
site with its spreading canopies.
- The presence of dry leaves and logs around
the site gives it a very raw and untouched
feeling.
- In contrast to other sites, the trees here are
tall and thin

- The high density of overhead foliage shields the site
from direct sunlight.
- The trees on site are short but its foliage spreads out
wide.
- High density of trees also shields the site from the
main road, creating a sense of security and privacy for
the user on site.
- The few tall trees located in the middle of the site
contrasts with the surrounding short trees.
08 POSITIVE VIEW06

- A balance composition of the site, with the
presence of the tall trees on one end transitioning
into an open plane before coming to the main
road.
- View window of with high visual interest due to
the unobstructed panoramic view of the
surrounding
07 POSITIVE VIEW

- The site is a potential viewing station, serving as a focal
point for several vistas.
- Good visual transition from point to point.
08 POSITIVE VIEW08

- The elevation of the site can ease the identification of a
pavilion due to the gradual incline of the site, starting
from the road.
- This gives a user a clear line of sight to the site.
POSITIVE VIEW09

NEGATIVE
VIEW 3
NEGATIVE
VIEW 2
NEGATIVE
VIEW 4
NEGATIVE
VIEW 1

NEGATIVE VIEW01
- The composting centre obstructs the view to and
from the site.
- Dirty and disorganized
- Unpleasant odour from the composting process

NEGATIVE VIEW02
- Trees on the site block the view to the grass
plain, limiting the visual interest of the site.
- The site is poorly maintained with overgrown
grass.

NEGATIVE VIEW03
- Many short trees planted surrounded the site
obstruct the view of the lake
- Murky lake with stagnant water filled with
algae

NEGATIVE VIEW04
- View shrouded by dense vegetation all around.
- Dense vegetation shields the site from direct
sunlight and keeps the site dim
- The dense vegetation also increases the humidity of
the site and blocks of air circulation.

POTENTIAL
SITE
POTENTIAL
SITE
POTENTIAL
SITE
POTENTIAL
SITE
POTENTIAL
SITE
POTENTIAL
SITE

- Due to the lack of conservation, the lake is
contaminated with dirt and almost pale
brown, like stagnant water on rainy day. The
dirt and algae should be remove to improve
the aesthetic of the site.
- With sufficient care, the lake has the
potential to create a sense of calm natural
beauty to the landscape. The association
between the lake and landscape can also
achieve a sense of harmony.
.
01 SUGGESTION

02 SUGGESTION
- The bushes and unkempt dry bamboos
should be removed to remove any elements
which might distract users from the poetry
of the site.

SUGGESTION03
- With the advantages of shades and tall trees,
this is a potential site for constructing a
pavilion.
- The dry leaves and rubbish should be thrown
away.

- Due to the balance composition of the site and the
unobstructed panoramic view of the surrounding,
it has potential to construct a pavilion.
- The site area is large enough for outdoor activities
such as camping.
- It’s suitable for public use because of its wider
and better view of vision
- The bushes around the lake should be removed
and maintained well to provide a better view.
04 SUGGESTION

- The view of the site from the road is obstructed by the trees.
- This create a sense of privacy and security for the space and
user.
- A pedestrian or trails should be build to ease accessibility
to the site.
08 SUGGESTION05

SUGGESTION06
- Due to the gradual incline of the site which starting from
the road, it has potential to construct a pavilion.
- The higher level of ground gives user a clear line of sight
to the site.
- Viewing deck were suitable to build here with the
advantage of the site.

Since the year 2000, Serpentine
Galleries annually commissions world
renown architects and designers to
design and build temporary pavilions
located in Kensington Gardens, London.

Without Pavilion With Pavilion
- Visit the Serpentine Gallery
- Walk in the park
- Cycling
- Picnic
- Relaxing
?
ACTIVITY05

COSMIC EGG PAVILION
REM KOOLHAAS & CECIL BALMOND

“FORM FITS FUNCTION”
"The 2006 Serpentine Pavilion will be defined by
events and activities. We are proposing a space
that facilitates the inclusion of individuals in
communal dialogue and shared experience."
REM KOOLHAAS

● Consists of a translucent canopy &
circular enclosed space at the bottom
● Inflatable translucent canopy on the
top
● Pavilion Surrounded by translucent
polycarbonate panels
● Bars and cafes located at the sides
● Event and forum at center
● Gallery/Telecast/Movie Screening
● Canopy adapts to the events and
functions

Canopy rises higher than the Serpentine Gallery
building
Canopy pavilion illuminates the surrounding park
at night

Adapts to Weather/Events/Circulation

Clear days/Summer >> Inflated
Cloudy/Rainy/Cold >> Deflated

Analysis/Conclusion
● Designed in mind with the site and function
● Material innovation
● Use of mechanics
● Attention-seeking/Minimal
● Pavilion goes with the content

DESTRUCTIVISM
THE DRAMATIC, MULTI-
DIMENSIONAL SPACE

Discussion and
performance
by night
Reflection and
relaxation
by day

Reflection and
relaxation
by day
Discussion and
performance
by night
Discussion and
performance
by night
Reflection and
relaxation
by day
View
Sunlight
Wind
Legend

Reflection and
relaxation
by day
- Night Talk
- Performances
- Music
- Film Screenings
Discussion and
performance
by night.
Picnic -
Sightseeing -
Reading -
Family Outing -
Cycling -
Jogging -

LIGHT & SHADOW
- Careful positioning of the structural elements make for a
comfortable space to relax.
- Alignment of the glass panel to create shade for specific
areas and also to shelter the interior spaces from weather

Reflection and
relaxation
by day
Discussion and
performance
by night.
Suitable environment for
small groups interaction.
Openness creates visual
connectivity between exterior
and interior
Able to relax under the
comforts of adequate shading
Suited for events that
consists of big groups
Exterior elements are hidden
in the night, giving more
attention to the interior
spaces
Provides a comfortable
amphitheatre-like
environment for
entertainment enjoyment

2010 - RED SUN PAVILION (JEAN NOUVEL)
CELEBRATION OF SUMMER THROUGH RED
Design Architect : JEAN NOUVEL
Red is summer heat.
Red complements green.
Red is bright, alive, piercing.
Red is provocative, forbidden, loud.
Red is as English as a red rose, as red as London's iconic objects, a double-decker bus or a telephone box, the transitory places we gravitate towards.
Red doesn't last.
HI

Specifications
● Function: Temporary summer pavilion (cafe,
concerts,conferences...)
● Net Floor Area: 500m^2
● Budget: 750,00 £
● Materials: fabric curtains, polycarbonate
plastics, steel beams, glass
● Events/Activities : cafe, chess, ping pong,
frisbee, “Park Night”

NORTH ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION
SOUTH ELEVATION

Red palette complements the green surroundings

Bold geometric forms & season
Retractable awnings

“Play” as central theme
Facilities accommodates an open floor plan

Conclusion
Designing a bold and dramatic design doesn’t have to come at the expense of being separated to the
context of the site if done properly

2012 SERPENTINE GALLERY PAVILION
by
Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Wei Wei

2014 - THE CASTLE OF THE SELFISH GIANT
● Designed by Chilean architect Smiljan
Radic.
● Described as the ‘weirdest pavilion’
exposed by the Serpentine Galleries.
● Inspired by follies and papier-mache
models.
● Is a development of the architect’s
previous works.
● 541 square metres.
● Materials - Fibreglass as the shell, and for
the main structure - structural steel with
timber infill.

RELATIONSHIP TO THE SITE
● The same site is used for the pavilions every year.
● The pavilions are mounted in front of the entrance
of the Serpentine Gallery, the site is surrounded by
trees on both sides, and there is a path that goes
from the street to the entrance of the gallery.
● Activities engaged in the park are usually walking,
exercising, cycling (except on the road leading to the
pavilion), visiting the gallery and memorials as well
as picnics and events.
● The choice of materials was made to give an organic
aspect to the pavilion, the architect wanted it to feel
like it was part of the landscape.
● Openings are cut out from the shell like structure to
allow the users of the pavilion to view the outside as
well as for the outside to look on the inside.
● The pavilion has a hollow centre that serves as a
skyclad garden, the inner walls of the pavilion also
have openings that face each other and enable
viewing the other side of the pavilion as well as the
central garden.

FUNCTIONS
● Serves as a public
space or socialising
spot.
● Houses a cafe during
the day.
● Stages
performances at
night - art, music,
poetry.

CIRCULATION WITHOUT VS. WITH PAVILION
WITHOUT PAVILION
● On a normal day, the visitors would walk through
the pathway connecting the gallery to the main
paths and subsequently to the street.
● People sometimes gather around the trees to seek
shade or for picnics.
● The part of the park where the gallery is situated is
restricted to only pedestrian access.
WITH PAVILION
● Raised walkway leading to the inside of the
pavilion and starts from the gallery.
● Users can walk around the pavilion and view the
inside.
● Users can also walk under the pavilion to reach the
centre of the pavilion and sit there on the ground
itself or the large quarry stones.

“ If we don’t feel the heaviness of the stone, then we
don’t have a good project ” - Smiljan Radic, about the
Serpentine Pavilion 2014.

REFERENCES
● Jean Nouvel (no date) Available at: http://www.jeannouvel.com/en/desktop/home/#/en/desktop/projet/london-united-kingdom-serpentine-gallery-the-red-sun-pavilion1 (Accessed: 27 April 2016).
● Ruault, P. (2010) Serpentine gallery pavilion 2010 by Jean Nouvel. Available at: http://www.serpentinegalleries.org/exhibitions-events/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2010-jean-nouvel (Accessed: 27 April
2016).
● (No Date) Available at: file:///C:/Users/GE72/Desktop/19-06-2015_pavilion_press_pack_final.pdf (Accessed: 27 April 2016).
● (No Date) Available at: file:///C:/Users/GE72/Desktop/SABD/semester%202/studio%20design/project%202/PROJECT%202A/CASE%20STUDY%20(RED%20SUN%20PAVILION%202010)
/serpentine%20pavillion.pdf (Accessed: 27 April 2016).
● Media, H. W. (2014, March 13). 2006 serpentine gallery pavilion. Retrieved April 24, 2016, from http://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/2006-serpentine-gallery-pavilion-3807
● Offenbach, J. (2006, July 13). Serpentine gallery pavilion 2006 by Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond with Arup. Retrieved April 24, 2016, from http://www.serpentinegalleries.org/exhibitions-
events/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2006-rem-koolhaas-and-cecil-balmond-arup-0
● Rose, S. (2016, January 1). The gas ceiling. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/jul/03/architecture
● GONCA ZEYNEP TUNÇBİLEK. (2013). TEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE: THE SERPENTINE GALLERY PAVILIONS (THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE IN ARCHITECTURE thesis). Retrieved from etd.lib.metu.
edu.tr/upload/12616546/index.pdf
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