This document discusses single cell proteins (SCP), which are dried cells from bacteria, algae, yeast, and fungi that are rich in protein. SCP can be produced from various waste materials and includes residues from orange peels, sugarcane, paper mills, wheat straw, sugar beets, coconuts, grapes, and mangos. The selection of microbe strain and substrate is crucial, choosing ones that do not produce toxins or harm consumers. SCP is produced through fermentation, harvesting, and processing to isolate pure protein while removing impurities. Advantages are high protein content and ability to modify production easily using various raw materials, while disadvantages include potential toxins, allergic reactions, and high costs

2. INTRODUCTION
• DRIED CELLS OF BACTERIA, ALGAE, YEAST, AND FUNGI, WHICH ARE RICH IN
PROTEINS USED AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, ARE CALLED SINGLE CELL
PROTEINS (SCP).
• SINGLE CELL PROTEIN INCLUDES ORANGE PEEL RESIDUE, SWEET ORANGE
RESIDUE, SUGARCANE RESIDUE, PAPER MILL WASTE RICE HUSK, WHEAT
STRAW RESIDUE, SUGAR BEET PULP, COCONUT WASTE, GRAPE WASTE,
MANGO WASTE, ETC.

3. • THE TERM SCP WAS COINED IN 1966 BY CAROL
L. WILSON.
• EARLIER KNOWN AS MICROBIAL PROTEIN.
• PRUTEEN WAS THE FIRST COMMERCIAL SINGLE
CELL PROTEIN USED AS ANIMAL FEED
ADDITIVE.

5. SELECTION OF STRAIN OF MICROBE AND SUBSTRATE
• VERY CRUCIAL STEP.
• SELECTED MICROBE SHOULD NOT PRODUCE
TOXICITY IN ITS BIOMASS.
• IT SHOULD NOT BE HARMFUL TO CONSUMER
TO CONSUME.
• MICROBE SELECTED FOR SCP SHOULD
PRODUCE A LARGE QUANTITY OF PROTEIN.
• SUBSTRATE SHOULD BE CHEAP, EFFECTIVE,
ALLOW FAVORABLE GROWTH AND EASE OF
ISOLATION.

6. FERMENTATION
• IT IS DONE IN LARGE CHAMBER EITHER OF GLASS OR
STAINLESS STEEL CALLED FERMENTER.
• IT SHOULD BE DONE IN STERILIZED AND
CONTROLLED CONDITION.
• USUALLY FED- BATCH CULTURES ARE USED FOR THE
FERMENTATION OF MICROBES.

7. HARVESTING
• FERMENTATION YIELDS A LARGER NUMBER OF
MICROBIAL COLONIES FROM A SINGLE CELL.
• THESE COLONIES ARE ISOLATED THEN BY
MEANS OF DECANTATION.

8. PROCESSING OF
SCP
• ISOLATED MICROBIAL COLONIES ARE
SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS
DIFFERENTIAL TECHNIQUES LIKE
CENTRIFUGATION, WASHING , DRYING
ETC.
• PRODUCED PROTEIN CONTAIN
IMPURITIES IN IT.
• PURE PROTEIN ISOLATION CAN BE
DONE BY DISRUPTING THE CELL
WALL THROUGH CRUSHING,
CRUMBLING, CYCLES OF FREEZING
AND THAWING, GRINDING AND
THERMAL SHOCKS.
POST HARVESTING
FERMENTATION

10. ADVANTAGES OF SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
• GENERATION OF MICROBES OBTAIN IN A LESS AMOUNT OF TIME.
• CAN BE MODIFIED EASILY.
• CONTAIN 43-85% OF PROTEIN CONTENT.
• VARIETY OF RAW MATERIALS ARE USED AS SOURCE OF THEIR CARBON.

11. DISADVANTAGES OF SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
• PRODUCES TOXINS.
• SHOWS ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND INDIGESTION.
• HIGHER NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT.
• EXPENSIVE METHOD AND REQUIRES STERILIZED CONDITIONS.
• TASTE AND COLOR CHANGE.

12. APPLICATIONS
• AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTED FOOD.
• IN THERAPEUTIC AND NATURAL
MEDICINE.
• POULTRY AND CATTLE FEED.
• COSMETICS.