The nonlinear dynamics such as bifurcation and chaos has got lot of attention in research fraternity. The
power electronics is a dynamic and nonlinear field in which chaos plays an important role. The time
dynamic and nonlinearity is cannot be neglected or it is default case in power electronics. The present
paper discusses the simulative study of Bifurcation and chaotic behaviour in the single stage boost
converter with the help of bifurcation diagram. It is also confer the parameter variation and its respective
effect on bifurcation diagram and stability.
INVESTIGATION OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN THE BOOST CONVERTER: EFFECT OF CAPACIT...ijcsa
The electronic domain is highly nonlinear, hence it is valuable to study the nonlinear effect particularly the
chaos and bifurcation. The present paper deals with the simulative analysis of nonlinear dynamics in the
boost converter with the help of bifurcation diagrams. In this brief communication, the current through inductor (IL) was considered as state variable and reference current (IREF) was considered as a controlled variable. The capacitor value was varied from 1µf to 50µf while the other parameter was kept unaltered. Itwas observed that, as the value of capacitor was increased, the corresponding period- 1 bifurcation,period- 2 bifurcations, and period- 3 bifurcations points were shifted in incremental order. It was alsoobserved that period- 2 bifurcations, and peri
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document describes a novel bidirectional DC-DC converter that can provide high step-up and step-down voltage gains. It utilizes a coupled inductor with the same number of turns in the primary and secondary windings to achieve these high voltage gains. The steady-state analysis and operating principles of the converter in continuous conduction mode are presented. Simulations in MATLAB are used to verify the performance of the proposed converter and show it can provide constant output voltage when feedback is applied. Compared to a conventional bidirectional DC-DC converter, the proposed design offers higher voltage conversion ratios in both step-up and step-down modes of operation.
Dependence of Power Factor on Inductive Loads for Microcontroller based Power...IOSR Journals
This document investigates the effect of inductive loads on power factor in microcontroller-based power systems. Different combinations of resistive and inductive loads were tested by varying the inductance from 269.1 to 1232 mH while keeping resistance at 124 ohms. The current through the load decreased with increasing inductance, while voltage remained constant. Power factor was calculated from the phase difference between load voltage and current. Power factor ranged from 0.305 to 0.829, with lower power factors occurring at higher inductances. The research aims to understand how impedance affects power factor in electrical power systems.
In this paper, a Vienna type boost rectifier is discussed and controlled using sliding mode control. Sliding mode control function is defined to control output. The object of this system is to provide desired output DC voltage in any possible circumstances.
The document summarizes a study on using a high step-up zeta converter fed by a solar PV panel for a DC drive application. Key points:
- A zeta converter with a coupled inductor and capacitor multiplier is used to achieve high step-up voltage conversion from a 15-40V solar PV panel input.
- Steady-state analysis of the converter in continuous conduction mode shows it can achieve a voltage gain of (1+n) where n is the turns ratio of the coupled inductor.
- Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink validate the converter design and show it can provide the required output voltage for a DC drive from the solar PV input with high efficiency for resist
Soft Computing Technique for the Control of Triple-Lift Luo ConverterIJERA Editor
Positive output Luo converters are a series of new DC-DC step-up (boost) converters, which were developed from prototypes using voltage lift technique. These converters perform positive to positive DC-DC voltage increasing conversion with high power density, high efficiency and cheap topology in simple structure. They are different from other existing DC-DC step-up converters with a high output voltage and small ripples. Triple lift LUO circuit is derived from positive output elementary Luo converter by adding the lift circuit three times. Due to the time varying and switching nature of the Luo converters, their dynamic behaviour becomes highly nonlinear. The classical control methods employed to design the controllers for Luo converters depend on the operating point so that it is very difficult to select control parameters because of the presence of parasitic elements, time varying loads and variable supply voltages. Conventional controllers require a good knowledge of the system and accurate tuning in order to obtain the desired performances. A fuzzy logic controller is a soft computing technique which neither requires a precise mathematical model of the system nor complex computations. The performances of the Triple-lift Luo converter with fuzzy logic controller are evaluated under line and load disturbances using Matlab-Simulink based simulation. The results are presented and analyzed.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a 7-level multilevel inverter based electric spring with a resonant switched capacitor converter to enhance voltage regulation in a distribution system. The electric spring uses demand side management to maintain constant voltage for critical loads during voltage variations from distributed generation sources. The proposed topology reduces component count and maintains balanced voltages across input capacitors compared to previous electric spring implementations. Simulations test the proposed topology under voltage sag and swell conditions and analyze results based on total harmonic distortion in the critical load voltage.
PID Controller Response to Set-Point Change in DC-DC Converter ControlIAES-IJPEDS
Power converter operations and efficiency is affected by variation in supply
voltage, loads current, circuit elements, ageing and temperature. To meet the
objective of tight voltage regulation, power converters circuit module and the
control unit must be robust to reject disturbances arising from supply, load
variation and changes in circuit elements. PID controller has been the most
widely used in power converter control. This paper presents studies of
robustness of PID controller tuning methods to step changes in the set point
and disturbance rejection in power converter control. A DC-DC boost
converter was modelled using averaged state-space mothod and PID
controllers were designed with five different tuning methods. The study
reveals the transient response and disturbance rejection capability of each
tuning methods for their suitability in power supply design applications.
INVESTIGATION OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN THE BOOST CONVERTER: EFFECT OF CAPACIT...ijcsa
The electronic domain is highly nonlinear, hence it is valuable to study the nonlinear effect particularly the
chaos and bifurcation. The present paper deals with the simulative analysis of nonlinear dynamics in the
boost converter with the help of bifurcation diagrams. In this brief communication, the current through inductor (IL) was considered as state variable and reference current (IREF) was considered as a controlled variable. The capacitor value was varied from 1µf to 50µf while the other parameter was kept unaltered. Itwas observed that, as the value of capacitor was increased, the corresponding period- 1 bifurcation,period- 2 bifurcations, and period- 3 bifurcations points were shifted in incremental order. It was alsoobserved that period- 2 bifurcations, and peri
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document describes a novel bidirectional DC-DC converter that can provide high step-up and step-down voltage gains. It utilizes a coupled inductor with the same number of turns in the primary and secondary windings to achieve these high voltage gains. The steady-state analysis and operating principles of the converter in continuous conduction mode are presented. Simulations in MATLAB are used to verify the performance of the proposed converter and show it can provide constant output voltage when feedback is applied. Compared to a conventional bidirectional DC-DC converter, the proposed design offers higher voltage conversion ratios in both step-up and step-down modes of operation.
Dependence of Power Factor on Inductive Loads for Microcontroller based Power...IOSR Journals
This document investigates the effect of inductive loads on power factor in microcontroller-based power systems. Different combinations of resistive and inductive loads were tested by varying the inductance from 269.1 to 1232 mH while keeping resistance at 124 ohms. The current through the load decreased with increasing inductance, while voltage remained constant. Power factor was calculated from the phase difference between load voltage and current. Power factor ranged from 0.305 to 0.829, with lower power factors occurring at higher inductances. The research aims to understand how impedance affects power factor in electrical power systems.
In this paper, a Vienna type boost rectifier is discussed and controlled using sliding mode control. Sliding mode control function is defined to control output. The object of this system is to provide desired output DC voltage in any possible circumstances.
The document summarizes a study on using a high step-up zeta converter fed by a solar PV panel for a DC drive application. Key points:
- A zeta converter with a coupled inductor and capacitor multiplier is used to achieve high step-up voltage conversion from a 15-40V solar PV panel input.
- Steady-state analysis of the converter in continuous conduction mode shows it can achieve a voltage gain of (1+n) where n is the turns ratio of the coupled inductor.
- Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink validate the converter design and show it can provide the required output voltage for a DC drive from the solar PV input with high efficiency for resist
Soft Computing Technique for the Control of Triple-Lift Luo ConverterIJERA Editor
Positive output Luo converters are a series of new DC-DC step-up (boost) converters, which were developed from prototypes using voltage lift technique. These converters perform positive to positive DC-DC voltage increasing conversion with high power density, high efficiency and cheap topology in simple structure. They are different from other existing DC-DC step-up converters with a high output voltage and small ripples. Triple lift LUO circuit is derived from positive output elementary Luo converter by adding the lift circuit three times. Due to the time varying and switching nature of the Luo converters, their dynamic behaviour becomes highly nonlinear. The classical control methods employed to design the controllers for Luo converters depend on the operating point so that it is very difficult to select control parameters because of the presence of parasitic elements, time varying loads and variable supply voltages. Conventional controllers require a good knowledge of the system and accurate tuning in order to obtain the desired performances. A fuzzy logic controller is a soft computing technique which neither requires a precise mathematical model of the system nor complex computations. The performances of the Triple-lift Luo converter with fuzzy logic controller are evaluated under line and load disturbances using Matlab-Simulink based simulation. The results are presented and analyzed.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a 7-level multilevel inverter based electric spring with a resonant switched capacitor converter to enhance voltage regulation in a distribution system. The electric spring uses demand side management to maintain constant voltage for critical loads during voltage variations from distributed generation sources. The proposed topology reduces component count and maintains balanced voltages across input capacitors compared to previous electric spring implementations. Simulations test the proposed topology under voltage sag and swell conditions and analyze results based on total harmonic distortion in the critical load voltage.
PID Controller Response to Set-Point Change in DC-DC Converter ControlIAES-IJPEDS
Power converter operations and efficiency is affected by variation in supply
voltage, loads current, circuit elements, ageing and temperature. To meet the
objective of tight voltage regulation, power converters circuit module and the
control unit must be robust to reject disturbances arising from supply, load
variation and changes in circuit elements. PID controller has been the most
widely used in power converter control. This paper presents studies of
robustness of PID controller tuning methods to step changes in the set point
and disturbance rejection in power converter control. A DC-DC boost
converter was modelled using averaged state-space mothod and PID
controllers were designed with five different tuning methods. The study
reveals the transient response and disturbance rejection capability of each
tuning methods for their suitability in power supply design applications.
A new closed loop AC to DC ĈUK converter is presented in this paper. The conventional ĈUK AC to DC converter has no feedback circuit. Thereby, the output voltage of the converter changes while changing the load. The proposed closed loop converter can regulate voltage with the variation of load over a wide range. Moreover, the power factor and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the supply side current found quite satisfactory from this closed loop ĈUK converter. The converter operates in four steps with a different combination of voltage polarities and switching states. The feedback path consists of a voltage control loop and a current control loop. The closed loop ĈUK converter in this study is compared with the open loop version. Additionally, the comparison is made with the conventional converter of the same topology. The effectiveness in terms of power factor and THD of the proposed converter is verified using simulation results.
This project envisages a Buck dc – dc
converter mathematical analysis and simulation. This power
regulator is made up of some vital circuit elements such as
inductor, freewheeling diode, filter capacitor and electronics
power switch. The circuit is analysed based on two modes of
operation namely: continuous current conduction mode and
discontinuous current mode. Ansoft Simplorer software is
used to carry out the circuit simulation under the two modes
of operation which aided in verifying the calculated results.
Both calculated and simulated waveforms are displayed. The
results obtained are very similar.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper analyses a 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter for the conversion of low input voltage with high input current to higher DC output voltage. The operation of the 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter with multi-parallel of boost converters is controlled by interleaved of switching signals with 120 degrees phase-shifted. Therefore, with this circuit configuraion, high input current is evenly shared among the parallel units and consequently the current stress is reduced on the circuit and semiconductor devices and contributes reduction of overall losses. The simulation and hardware results show that the current stress and the semiconductor conduction losses were reduced approximately 33% and 32%, respectively in the 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter compared to the conventional DC-DC boost converters. Furthermore, the use of interleaving technique with continuous conduction mode on DC-DC boost converters is reducing input current and output voltage ripples to increase reliability and efficiency of boost converters.
This document provides an overview and comparison of different types of DC-DC converters. It first introduces DC-DC converters and their applications. It then discusses various types of DC-DC converters in more detail, including buck, boost, buck-boost and CUK converters. For each converter type, it describes the basic operation and steady-state analysis. The document aims to compare performance of different converter topologies.
A Comparative Study of Various AC-DC Converters for Low Voltage Energy Harves...paperpublications3
This document compares various AC-DC converters for low voltage energy harvesting applications. It summarizes the operation and simulation results of several bridgeless converter topologies including a standard H-bridge converter, dual polarity boost converter, parallel boost and buck-boost converter, and integrated bridgeless boost rectifier. Simulation results show that the integrated bridgeless boost rectifier provides the highest average output voltage and boost ratio compared to the other converters, making it the most efficient topology for low voltage energy harvesting applications. It also has the advantage of requiring fewer passive components due to the integrated boost and buck-boost operation.
Transformer less Boost Converter Topologies with Improved Voltage Gain Operat...IJMER
In this project, a new step up converter proposed in a recent work is analyzed, designed, simulated with MATLAB Simulink. Conventional dc–dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. This paper proposes transformer less dc–dc converters to achieve high step-up voltage gain without an extremely high duty ratio. In the proposed converters, two inductors with the same level of inductance are charged in parallel during the switch-on period and are discharged in series during the switch-off period. The structures of the proposed converters are very simple.
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...IOSR Journals
This document compares an isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter with and without a flyback snubber through simulation and hardware implementation. It begins with an introduction to isolated bidirectional converters and the problem of voltage spikes caused by transformer leakage inductance. It then describes the operation and components of the converter both with and without a flyback snubber. Simulation results show that the flyback snubber reduces voltage spikes by 78-80% by clamping the voltage. Hardware results for boost mode operation with a flyback snubber are also presented and agree with simulation.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Single-Input Double Output High Efficient Boost Dc–Dc ConverterIJMER
The aim of this project is to develop a high-efficiency single-input multiple-output (SIMO) dc–dc converter. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of a low-voltage input power source to a controllable high-voltage dc bus and middle-voltage output terminals. The high-voltage dc bus can take as the main power for a high-voltage dc load or the front terminal of a dc–ac inverter.Moreover, middle-voltage output terminals can supply powers for individual middle-voltage dc loads or for charging auxiliary power sources (e.g., battery modules). In this project, a coupled-inductor based dc–dc converter scheme utilizes only one power switch with the properties of voltage clamping and soft switching, and the corresponding device specifications are adequately designed. As a result, the objectives of high-efficiency power conversion, high step up ratio, and various output voltages with different levels can be obtained
Effect of Switching angle on Magnetizing flux and Inrush current of a Transfo...IOSR Journals
This document investigates the effect of switching angle on magnetizing flux and inrush current in transformers. It finds that increasing the switching angle decreases both the amplitude of the magnetizing flux waveform and the inrush current amplitude. The highest inrush current occurs when switching occurs at a voltage zero crossing with a switching angle of 0 degrees. Increasing the switching angle reduces the dc offset of the flux waveform and lowers the peak inrush current. Switching angle variation is thus an effective way to control transformer inrush current.
Modeling and Simulation of Closed Loop Controlled Parallel Cascaded Buck Boos...IJPEDS-IAES
This Work deals with design, modeling and simulation of parallel cascaded
buck boost converter inverter based closed loop controlled solar system. Two
buck boost converters are cascaded in parallel to reduce the ripple in DC
output. The DC from the solar cell is stepped up using boost converter. The
output of the boost converter is converted to 50Hz AC using single phase full
bridge inverter. The simulation results of open loop and closed loop systems
are compared. This paper has presented a simulink model for closed loop
controlled solar system. Parallel cascaded buck boost converter is proposed
for solar system.
This article proposes a novel scheme to improve the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) behavior during grid fault. The DFIG’s are sensitives to voltage variations when abrupt variations of the wind velocity arrive. For enhancing DFIG behavior, protecting the converters, and smoothing the fluctuations power output of the DFIG under sag voltage; a novel hybrid energy storage system scheme and its controller are proposed. The main advantages of our approach are a faster response and suppressing overvoltage on DC bus and globally less stress in the storage system. The control structure decreases the tiredness on the battery and restores the DC bus voltage rapidly, globally the battery system operating time increases. The results obtained by simulations in MATLAB validate the benefits of the suggested control.
SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING DC/DC BOOST CONVERTERIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on controlling the speed of a DC motor using a DC-DC boost converter. It begins with an abstract that outlines using a boost converter for speed control of a DC motor. It then provides background on DC motors, boost converters, and their operating principles. The document discusses the components of a boost converter, including the inductor, switch, diode, and capacitor. It analyzes the operating modes when the switch is on and off, and derives equations to relate the input and output voltages based on the duty cycle. Design considerations like current ripple factor, voltage ripple factor, and switching frequency are also covered. The document concludes by providing an example design calculation for a boost converter with given specifications.
Comparative analysis of a cascaded seven level and five level mli based distr...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that compares a cascaded seven-level and five-level multilevel inverter-based distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) for compensating harmonics and reactive power using reference frame theory. The paper presents the configuration of a DSTATCOM using a cascaded multilevel inverter with five levels and seven levels. It describes the operation and switching states of the five-level and seven-level inverters. It also discusses the reference current control strategy used, which generates the reference currents required to compensate load current harmonics and reactive power based on instantaneous real-power theory. The control scheme aims to maintain the DC bus voltage constant. The proposed DSTATCOM system is
Performance comparison of different control strategies for the regulation of ...IJECEIAES
This document compares three control strategies - voltage mode control (VMC), current mode control (CMC), and sliding mode control (SMC) - for regulating the output voltage of a negative output super-lift Luo converter (NOSLC). Simulation results show that SMC provides the best performance with fast response, low ripple, and ability to maintain a constant output voltage under changing load conditions. SMC also outperforms VMC and CMC in terms of tracking the reference voltage, settling time, rise time, and overshoot. The document concludes that SMC is the most effective control method for the NOSLC.
Analysis of direct power control AC-DC converter under unbalance voltage supp...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an analysis of Direct Power Control (DPC) technique for the Three-Phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) AC-DC converter under unbalanced supply condition. Unbalance condition will cause the presence of unbalanced current and voltages thus produce the negative components on the grid voltage as well as severe performance degradation of a grid connected Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The input structures for conventional DPC has been modified with a three simpler sequence networks instead of coupled by a detailed Three-Phase system method. The imbalance voltage can be resolved by separating from the individual elements of voltage and current into symmetrical components called Sequence Network. Consequently, the input power relatively improved during unbalanced condition almost 70% through the measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from the conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) in individual elements which is higher compared to separate components. Hence, several analyses are performed in order to analyze the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations.
Design and Simulation of DC-DC ConvertersIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of DC-DC converters. It provides theoretical background on buck, boost, and buck-boost converter topologies. The key aspects covered include:
- Deriving the performance parameter equations for buck, boost, and buck-boost converters.
- Explaining the operating principles of each converter topology through equivalent circuit diagrams and voltage/current waveforms.
- Describing an example design and simulation of the three converter types in Orcad software to observe how output voltage changes with varying input parameters like inductance and switching frequency.
The document aims to provide an understanding of these converter topologies and their equations to facilitate the design of buck, boost, or buck-
Aircraft Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System Units Through an A...IJMTST Journal
This paper illustrates a generic Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System. The AC power frequency is variable and depends of the engine speed. The represents the generator mechanical drive and is modeled by a simple signal builder, which provides the mechanical speed of the engine shaft.The represents the power AC generator. It is composed of a modified version of the simplified synchronous machine. The mechanical input of the modified machine of 50 kW is the engine speed. The Generator Control Unit regulates the voltage of the generator to 200 volts line to line.The represents the Primary Distribution system. It is composed of three current and voltage sensors. There is also a 3-phase contactor controlled by the Generator Control Unit. Finally, a parasitic resistive load is required to avoid numerical oscillations. The section represents the secondary Power Distribution system. It is represented by 4 circuit breakers with adjustable current trip. The section represents the AC loads. There is a 4 kW Transformer and Rectifier Unit (which supplies 28 Vdc), a 12 kW induction machine (motor driving a pump), a 1 kW resistive load (lamps) and a 3 hp simplified (using an average value inverter) brushless DC drive (motor driving a ballscrew actuator)
A simple, non-feedback method of controlling chaos is implemented for a DC-DC converter. The weak periodic perturbation (WPP) is the control technique applied to stabilize an unstable orbit in a current-mode controlled Positive Output Luo (POL) DC-DC converter operating in a chaotic regime. With WPP, the operation of the converter is limited to stable period-1 orbit that exists in the original chaotic attractor. The proposed control strategy is implemented using simulations and the results are verified with hardware setup. The experimental results of the converter with WPP control are presented which shows the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
A new closed loop AC to DC ĈUK converter is presented in this paper. The conventional ĈUK AC to DC converter has no feedback circuit. Thereby, the output voltage of the converter changes while changing the load. The proposed closed loop converter can regulate voltage with the variation of load over a wide range. Moreover, the power factor and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the supply side current found quite satisfactory from this closed loop ĈUK converter. The converter operates in four steps with a different combination of voltage polarities and switching states. The feedback path consists of a voltage control loop and a current control loop. The closed loop ĈUK converter in this study is compared with the open loop version. Additionally, the comparison is made with the conventional converter of the same topology. The effectiveness in terms of power factor and THD of the proposed converter is verified using simulation results.
This project envisages a Buck dc – dc
converter mathematical analysis and simulation. This power
regulator is made up of some vital circuit elements such as
inductor, freewheeling diode, filter capacitor and electronics
power switch. The circuit is analysed based on two modes of
operation namely: continuous current conduction mode and
discontinuous current mode. Ansoft Simplorer software is
used to carry out the circuit simulation under the two modes
of operation which aided in verifying the calculated results.
Both calculated and simulated waveforms are displayed. The
results obtained are very similar.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper analyses a 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter for the conversion of low input voltage with high input current to higher DC output voltage. The operation of the 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter with multi-parallel of boost converters is controlled by interleaved of switching signals with 120 degrees phase-shifted. Therefore, with this circuit configuraion, high input current is evenly shared among the parallel units and consequently the current stress is reduced on the circuit and semiconductor devices and contributes reduction of overall losses. The simulation and hardware results show that the current stress and the semiconductor conduction losses were reduced approximately 33% and 32%, respectively in the 3-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter compared to the conventional DC-DC boost converters. Furthermore, the use of interleaving technique with continuous conduction mode on DC-DC boost converters is reducing input current and output voltage ripples to increase reliability and efficiency of boost converters.
This document provides an overview and comparison of different types of DC-DC converters. It first introduces DC-DC converters and their applications. It then discusses various types of DC-DC converters in more detail, including buck, boost, buck-boost and CUK converters. For each converter type, it describes the basic operation and steady-state analysis. The document aims to compare performance of different converter topologies.
A Comparative Study of Various AC-DC Converters for Low Voltage Energy Harves...paperpublications3
This document compares various AC-DC converters for low voltage energy harvesting applications. It summarizes the operation and simulation results of several bridgeless converter topologies including a standard H-bridge converter, dual polarity boost converter, parallel boost and buck-boost converter, and integrated bridgeless boost rectifier. Simulation results show that the integrated bridgeless boost rectifier provides the highest average output voltage and boost ratio compared to the other converters, making it the most efficient topology for low voltage energy harvesting applications. It also has the advantage of requiring fewer passive components due to the integrated boost and buck-boost operation.
Transformer less Boost Converter Topologies with Improved Voltage Gain Operat...IJMER
In this project, a new step up converter proposed in a recent work is analyzed, designed, simulated with MATLAB Simulink. Conventional dc–dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. This paper proposes transformer less dc–dc converters to achieve high step-up voltage gain without an extremely high duty ratio. In the proposed converters, two inductors with the same level of inductance are charged in parallel during the switch-on period and are discharged in series during the switch-off period. The structures of the proposed converters are very simple.
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...IOSR Journals
This document compares an isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter with and without a flyback snubber through simulation and hardware implementation. It begins with an introduction to isolated bidirectional converters and the problem of voltage spikes caused by transformer leakage inductance. It then describes the operation and components of the converter both with and without a flyback snubber. Simulation results show that the flyback snubber reduces voltage spikes by 78-80% by clamping the voltage. Hardware results for boost mode operation with a flyback snubber are also presented and agree with simulation.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Single-Input Double Output High Efficient Boost Dc–Dc ConverterIJMER
The aim of this project is to develop a high-efficiency single-input multiple-output (SIMO) dc–dc converter. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of a low-voltage input power source to a controllable high-voltage dc bus and middle-voltage output terminals. The high-voltage dc bus can take as the main power for a high-voltage dc load or the front terminal of a dc–ac inverter.Moreover, middle-voltage output terminals can supply powers for individual middle-voltage dc loads or for charging auxiliary power sources (e.g., battery modules). In this project, a coupled-inductor based dc–dc converter scheme utilizes only one power switch with the properties of voltage clamping and soft switching, and the corresponding device specifications are adequately designed. As a result, the objectives of high-efficiency power conversion, high step up ratio, and various output voltages with different levels can be obtained
Effect of Switching angle on Magnetizing flux and Inrush current of a Transfo...IOSR Journals
This document investigates the effect of switching angle on magnetizing flux and inrush current in transformers. It finds that increasing the switching angle decreases both the amplitude of the magnetizing flux waveform and the inrush current amplitude. The highest inrush current occurs when switching occurs at a voltage zero crossing with a switching angle of 0 degrees. Increasing the switching angle reduces the dc offset of the flux waveform and lowers the peak inrush current. Switching angle variation is thus an effective way to control transformer inrush current.
Modeling and Simulation of Closed Loop Controlled Parallel Cascaded Buck Boos...IJPEDS-IAES
This Work deals with design, modeling and simulation of parallel cascaded
buck boost converter inverter based closed loop controlled solar system. Two
buck boost converters are cascaded in parallel to reduce the ripple in DC
output. The DC from the solar cell is stepped up using boost converter. The
output of the boost converter is converted to 50Hz AC using single phase full
bridge inverter. The simulation results of open loop and closed loop systems
are compared. This paper has presented a simulink model for closed loop
controlled solar system. Parallel cascaded buck boost converter is proposed
for solar system.
This article proposes a novel scheme to improve the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) behavior during grid fault. The DFIG’s are sensitives to voltage variations when abrupt variations of the wind velocity arrive. For enhancing DFIG behavior, protecting the converters, and smoothing the fluctuations power output of the DFIG under sag voltage; a novel hybrid energy storage system scheme and its controller are proposed. The main advantages of our approach are a faster response and suppressing overvoltage on DC bus and globally less stress in the storage system. The control structure decreases the tiredness on the battery and restores the DC bus voltage rapidly, globally the battery system operating time increases. The results obtained by simulations in MATLAB validate the benefits of the suggested control.
SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING DC/DC BOOST CONVERTERIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on controlling the speed of a DC motor using a DC-DC boost converter. It begins with an abstract that outlines using a boost converter for speed control of a DC motor. It then provides background on DC motors, boost converters, and their operating principles. The document discusses the components of a boost converter, including the inductor, switch, diode, and capacitor. It analyzes the operating modes when the switch is on and off, and derives equations to relate the input and output voltages based on the duty cycle. Design considerations like current ripple factor, voltage ripple factor, and switching frequency are also covered. The document concludes by providing an example design calculation for a boost converter with given specifications.
Comparative analysis of a cascaded seven level and five level mli based distr...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that compares a cascaded seven-level and five-level multilevel inverter-based distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) for compensating harmonics and reactive power using reference frame theory. The paper presents the configuration of a DSTATCOM using a cascaded multilevel inverter with five levels and seven levels. It describes the operation and switching states of the five-level and seven-level inverters. It also discusses the reference current control strategy used, which generates the reference currents required to compensate load current harmonics and reactive power based on instantaneous real-power theory. The control scheme aims to maintain the DC bus voltage constant. The proposed DSTATCOM system is
Performance comparison of different control strategies for the regulation of ...IJECEIAES
This document compares three control strategies - voltage mode control (VMC), current mode control (CMC), and sliding mode control (SMC) - for regulating the output voltage of a negative output super-lift Luo converter (NOSLC). Simulation results show that SMC provides the best performance with fast response, low ripple, and ability to maintain a constant output voltage under changing load conditions. SMC also outperforms VMC and CMC in terms of tracking the reference voltage, settling time, rise time, and overshoot. The document concludes that SMC is the most effective control method for the NOSLC.
Analysis of direct power control AC-DC converter under unbalance voltage supp...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an analysis of Direct Power Control (DPC) technique for the Three-Phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) AC-DC converter under unbalanced supply condition. Unbalance condition will cause the presence of unbalanced current and voltages thus produce the negative components on the grid voltage as well as severe performance degradation of a grid connected Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The input structures for conventional DPC has been modified with a three simpler sequence networks instead of coupled by a detailed Three-Phase system method. The imbalance voltage can be resolved by separating from the individual elements of voltage and current into symmetrical components called Sequence Network. Consequently, the input power relatively improved during unbalanced condition almost 70% through the measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from the conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) in individual elements which is higher compared to separate components. Hence, several analyses are performed in order to analyze the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations.
Design and Simulation of DC-DC ConvertersIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of DC-DC converters. It provides theoretical background on buck, boost, and buck-boost converter topologies. The key aspects covered include:
- Deriving the performance parameter equations for buck, boost, and buck-boost converters.
- Explaining the operating principles of each converter topology through equivalent circuit diagrams and voltage/current waveforms.
- Describing an example design and simulation of the three converter types in Orcad software to observe how output voltage changes with varying input parameters like inductance and switching frequency.
The document aims to provide an understanding of these converter topologies and their equations to facilitate the design of buck, boost, or buck-
Aircraft Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System Units Through an A...IJMTST Journal
This paper illustrates a generic Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System. The AC power frequency is variable and depends of the engine speed. The represents the generator mechanical drive and is modeled by a simple signal builder, which provides the mechanical speed of the engine shaft.The represents the power AC generator. It is composed of a modified version of the simplified synchronous machine. The mechanical input of the modified machine of 50 kW is the engine speed. The Generator Control Unit regulates the voltage of the generator to 200 volts line to line.The represents the Primary Distribution system. It is composed of three current and voltage sensors. There is also a 3-phase contactor controlled by the Generator Control Unit. Finally, a parasitic resistive load is required to avoid numerical oscillations. The section represents the secondary Power Distribution system. It is represented by 4 circuit breakers with adjustable current trip. The section represents the AC loads. There is a 4 kW Transformer and Rectifier Unit (which supplies 28 Vdc), a 12 kW induction machine (motor driving a pump), a 1 kW resistive load (lamps) and a 3 hp simplified (using an average value inverter) brushless DC drive (motor driving a ballscrew actuator)
A simple, non-feedback method of controlling chaos is implemented for a DC-DC converter. The weak periodic perturbation (WPP) is the control technique applied to stabilize an unstable orbit in a current-mode controlled Positive Output Luo (POL) DC-DC converter operating in a chaotic regime. With WPP, the operation of the converter is limited to stable period-1 orbit that exists in the original chaotic attractor. The proposed control strategy is implemented using simulations and the results are verified with hardware setup. The experimental results of the converter with WPP control are presented which shows the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Similar to SIMULATIVE STUDY OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN SINGLE STAGE BOOST CONVERTER (20)
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
SIMULATIVE STUDY OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN SINGLE STAGE BOOST CONVERTER
1. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
DOI : 10.5121/ijccms.2013.2305 59
SIMULATIVE STUDY OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN
SINGLE STAGE BOOST CONVERTER
T. D. Dongale
Solid State Electronics and Computing Research Laboratory,
School of Nanoscience and Technology,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur (M.S), India
ABSTRACT
The nonlinear dynamics such as bifurcation and chaos has got lot of attention in research fraternity. The
power electronics is a dynamic and nonlinear field in which chaos plays an important role. The time
dynamic and nonlinearity is cannot be neglected or it is default case in power electronics. The present
paper discusses the simulative study of Bifurcation and chaotic behaviour in the single stage boost
converter with the help of bifurcation diagram. It is also confer the parameter variation and its respective
effect on bifurcation diagram and stability.
KEYWORDS
Bifurcation, Boost Converter, Chaos, Nonlinear Dynamics
1. INTRODUCTION
Looking at the age of science, it is all the time supposed that, deterministic system having
predictable outcomes with considering initial condition constants or zero. But it was completely
fall down when chaos come in to the game. The nonlinear phenomena and particularly chaos are
intensively studied, investigated and implemented by many research groups [1-5]. The history of
chaotic dynamics can be traced back to the work of Poincaré on celestial mechanics around 1900
[1, 6]. In 1963 Lorenz give idea about simple nonlinear systems can have complex, chaotic
behaviour [1]. The first version of chaotic behaviours in the electronics sphere of influence was
described by Van der Pol in 1927 [7]. In 1980 Ballieul, Brockett and Washburn give the idea
about chaotic behaviour in DC-DC converter [5]. The other researcher such as, Linsay and L.
Chua‟s work on nonlinear circuits based on capacitor and diode is very famous one in the
electronics [6, 8-9]. The Chua‟s diode is now famous with the name of „Memristor‟ [10-12].
Recently the power converter topologies are very much investigated with single stage as well as
multistage converter topology with respect to chaos and stability [13-17]. The power electronics
is deals with the conversion and handling of large amount of power by means of electronics
circuit. The conversion of power is in the form of AC-AC, AC-DC, DC-AC and DC-DC. The
DC-DC converter is also known as chopper or DC amplifier. The linear and steady-state
performance of converters and electric controls are investigated by conventional means [18-21],
but nonlinear aspects and dynamic behaviour of converter is not studied and examined at its large.
The present paper focus on the nonlinear dynamics of DC-DC boost converter with respect to
bifurcation diagram and stability.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows, in the second section, the circuit operation of the
boost converter briefly presented. In section III chaos and bifurcation phenomenon is briefly
2. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
60
presented. Section IV reported the chaos and bifurcation phenomena under variation of selected
circuit parameters such as Input supply voltage (VIN) and Load resistance (RL). In the last section
conclusion is portrayed.
2. BOOST CONVERTER
Boost converter is also well known as step up DC-DC converter. It is mostly used where, output
voltage required higher than that of input supply voltage e.g. power supply, motor control etc.
The typical boost converter is shown in fig. 1. The circuit diagram consists of DC supply (VIN),
Inductor (L), MOSFET as a switch, Diode (D), Capacitor (C) and Load resistance (RL). The
output voltage is controlled by controlling the duty cycle of MOSFET. The circuit is operated is
as follows, When MOSFET is on; the diode is reverse biased and hence it cut off the output stage.
At this stage the inductor current increases linearly, in other words, inductor gets the energy from
the supply and stores it, at this stage capacitor come into the picture, it discharges through load
resistance. The next case, when switch is open
the diode becomes forward biased and the output stage receives the energy from the inductor as
well as the input. Thus the net energy transferred to the output from input is always greater in a
given switching cycle. [22-23]
Figure 1: The DC-DC Boost converter. The circuit diagram consist of DC supply (VIN), Inductor in series
(L), MOSFET as a switch, Diode (D), Capacitor (C) and Load resistance (RL). (The simulation is carried
out in the PSIM Software Environment)
3. CHAOS AND BIFURCATION PHENOMENA IN POWER ELECTRONICS
The stability and linearity are two great forces for any real-time systems. The stability comes in a
controlled environment but controlled environment is not possible in real time operations.
Linearity or predictable behaviour is also not possible at any instant. We are assuming that the
stable and linear behaviour of system is possible at controlled or constant initial condition, but
3. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
61
question is appears when, initial conditions are changed. In this framework chaos is came into the
picture. The chaos means unpredictable phenomena or instability, in which system give different
results when some parameter is changed i.e. deterministic system, gives unpredictable outcomes.
If you change any internal system parameter then system behaviour is changed qualitatively, it
simply called as Bifurcation [3].
The power electronics is also faces the chaotic effect. The chaos is due to the switches; feedback
and storage element such as capacitor, inductor and memristor; lumped as well as distributed [11-
12]. Bifurcation phenomena having two types, first is smooth bifurcation phenomena and other is
border collision bifurcation phenomena. In smooth bifurcation, the system stability degrades
without structural changes and in border collision bifurcation; the system stability degrades with
structural change [24]. For controlling of chaos there are different methods are available in the
literature such as, slope compensation method [25], modulated off-time current mode control
technique [26], linear state-feedback control method [27], self-inductor current feedback method
[28] and dynamic feedback control method [29].
4. STUDY OF BIFURCATION PHENOMENA IN BOOST CONVERTER
Bifurcation theory was originally developed by Poincaré [3]. It describes the qualitative change in
system behaviour when one or more parameters are changed. These system parameters are
popularly known as system state variables. The state space variable and controlled variable graph
is called as state control space. In this state control space, locations at which bifurcations occur
are called bifurcation points [3, 13, 30]. Basically the boost converter is a nonlinear system and it
having complicated steady state behaviour which some time called as chaos [3, 30]. For study of
bifurcation of single stage boost converter, the current through inductor (IL) is considered as state
variable. The IREF is considered as a controlled variable [3, 30]. The following figures show the
variation of input voltage (VIN) and load resistance (RL) along with the corresponding effect on
bifurcations diagrams of single stage boost converter.
4.1 Variation of Input Voltages
In this case the input voltage is varied and other parameters are kept fixed. The detail parameter
declaration is depicts in table 1.
Table 1: Parameter for Case No- 1 (Variation of Input Voltage VIN)
Sr. No Parameter Values
1. Inductor (L) 1 mH
2. Capacitor (C) 5 μF
3. Load Resistance (RL) 10 Ω
4. Switching Frequency (F) 10 KHz
4. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
62
a) VIN = 5 V b) VIN = 10 V
c) VIN = 15 V d) VIN = 20 V
Figure 2 (a, b, c and d): Bifurcation diagram for Inductor Current (IL) with reference current (IREF) as the
control Variable. Here the input voltage (VIN) is varied and other parameters are kept fixed. In this case
current through inductor (IL) is considered as state variable and the reference current (IREF) is considered as
a controlled variable. The graph of IL and IREF is called as state control space. The red solid line in the figure
respect to A, B and C represent the period- 1 bifurcation, period- 2 bifurcation and period- 3 bifurcation
respectively.
4.2 Variation of Load Resistances
In this case the load resistance is varied and other parameters are kept fixed. The detail parameter
declaration is depicts in table 2.
Table 2: Parameter for Case No- 2 (Variation of Load Resistance)
Sr. No Parameter Values
1. Inductor (L) 1 mH
2. Capacitor (C) 5 μF
3. Input Voltage (V) 10 V
4. Switching Frequency (F) 10 KHz
5. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
63
a) RL= 15 Ω b) RL= 20 Ω
c) RL= 25 Ω d) RL= 30 Ω
Figure 3 (a, b, c and d): Bifurcation diagram for Inductor Current (IL) with reference current
(IREF) as the control Variable. Here the load resistance (RL) is varied and other parameters are
kept fixed. In this case current through inductor (IL) is considered as state variable and the
reference current (IREF) is considered as a controlled variable. The graph of IL and IREF is called as
state control space. The red solid line in the figure respect to A, B and C represent the period- 1
bifurcation, period- 2 bifurcation and period- 3 bifurcation respectively.
5. ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN BOOST CONVERTER WITH
RESPECT TO PARAMETER VARIATION
The fig. 2 and 3 (a, b, c and d) represent the bifurcation diagram for Inductor Current (IL) as a
state variable and IREF as the control Variable. The effect of supply voltage variations on
bifurcation diagram is presented in the fig.2 and the effect of load resistance variations on
bifurcation diagram is presented in the fig.3. The supply voltage (VIN) is varied from 5 V to 20 V
and corresponding effect is depicted in the same figures (fig.2). On the same ground, load
resistance varied from 15 Ω to 30 Ω and corresponding effect is depicted in the same figures
(fig.3). The red solid line A, B and C represent the period- 1 bifurcation, period- 2 bifurcation and
period- 3 bifurcation respectively. It is clearly shown from above fig. 2, as the supply voltage
(VIN) increases corresponding bifurcation points are also shifted in increment order and it become
chaotic after period- 3 bifurcations in each case. It is found that from fig. 3, as load resistance
increases the period- 3 bifurcation point is shifted in decrement fashion. Hence for stable
operation of boost converter, the load resistance should be minimum in the circuit. The table 3
6. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
64
shows the numerical relationship between period-bifurcation and corresponding IREF and IL with
variations of supply voltage (VIN).
Table 3: Relation between Period-Bifurcation and Corresponding IREF and IL with Variations of
Supply Voltage (VIN).
Supply
Voltage
Period-Bifurcation IREF in Amp. IL in Amp.
5 V
Period- 1 Bifurcation 0.80 0.70
Period- 2 Bifurcation 1.25 1.20
Period- 3 Bifurcation 1.35 1.30
10 V
Period- 1 Bifurcation 1.60 1.50
Period- 2 Bifurcation 2.50 2.60
Period- 3 Bifurcation 2.65 2.80
15 V
Period- 1 Bifurcation 2.40 2.20
Period- 2 Bifurcation 3.70 3.80
Period- 3 Bifurcation 4.00 4.10
20 V
Period- 1 Bifurcation 3.20 2.90
Period- 2 Bifurcation 5.00 5.20
Period- 3 Bifurcation 5.40 5.60
It is clearly evident from table 3, as the input supply voltage increases from 5V to 20V the
Period- 3 Bifurcation point is also increasable shifted. The shifting of Period- 3 Bifurcation points
means the chaotic behaviour of boost converter is also shifted. It is become unstable or chaotic
system after Period- 3 Bifurcation points. These phenomena indicate the chaotic behaviour of
boost converter in the presence of input voltage variations. The table 4 shows numerical details of
period-bifurcation, reference current (IREF) and Inductor current (IL) with variations of load
resistance (RL).
Table 4: Relation between Period-Bifurcation and Corresponding IREF and IL with Variations of
Load Resistance (RL)
Load
Resistance
Period-Bifurcation IREF in Amp. IL in Amp.
15 Ω
Period- 1 Bifurcation 1.30 1.00
Period- 2 Bifurcation 2.00 2.00
Period- 3 Bifurcation 2.35 2.40
20 Ω
Period- 1 Bifurcation 1.15 0.90
Period- 2 Bifurcation 1.70 1.85
Period- 3 Bifurcation 2.10 2.05
25 Ω
Period- 1 Bifurcation 1.10 0.80
Period- 2 Bifurcation 1.60 1.80
Period- 3 Bifurcation 1.90 1.95
30 Ω
Period- 1 Bifurcation 0.90 0.60
Period- 2 Bifurcation 1.50 1.50
Period- 3 Bifurcation 1.70 1.80
The table 4 shows the effect on period-bifurcation by variation of load resistance (RL). It is found
that as a load resistance increase, the period-bifurcation points are decreasingly shifted towards
origin value. The region above the period-3 bifurcation is considered as a chaotic region of boost
converter. The region above the period-3 bifurcation simply treated as an unstable region of boost
converter in the case of load resistance variation.
7. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
65
6. CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents study of nonlinear dynamic in the boost converter. The period-bifurcation
diagram and chaotic effects are clearly seen in the fig. 2 and 3. It is clearly evident from the fig. 2
(a, b, c and d) and table 3 that for stable operation of any boost converter the input supply voltage
must be high but in the permissible limit. It is also clearly indicate from the fig. 3 (a, b, c and d)
and table 4 that for stable operation of any boost converter the load resistance must be minimum.
The basic principle behind the boost converter is to boost the supply voltage hence there is some
practical limitation in providing the supply voltage, but in the view point of stability
consideration the keeping the load resistance minimum is the natural choice.
REFERENCES
[1] E.N. Lorenz, “Deterministic nonperiodic flow”, J. Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 130–
141, Mar. 1963
[2] R.M. May, “Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics”, Nature, vol. 261, no.
5560, pp. 459–467, June 1976
[3] Ammar Nimer Natsheh, J. Gordon Kettleborough, Natalia B. Janson, Experimental study of
controlling chaos in a DC–DC boost converter, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals (2007).
[4] M.P. Kennedy and L.O. Chua, “Van der Pol and chaos”, IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol.
33, no. 10, pp. 974–980, Oct. 1986
[5] J. Baillieul, R.W. Brockett and R.B. Washburn, “Chaotic motion in nonlinear feedback systems”,
IEEE Trans. On Circuits and Systems, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 990–997, Nov. 1980.
[6] Hamill, David C. "Power electronics: A field rich in nonlinear dynamics." Proc. 3rd Int. Specialists
Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics of Electronic Systems NDES’95. 1995.
[7] B. van der Pol and J. van der Mark, “Frequency demultiplication”, Nature, vol. 120, no. 3019, pp.
363–364, Sep. 1927
[8] P.S. Linsay, “Period doubling and chaotic behavior in a driven anharmonic oscillator”, Phys. Rev.
Letters, vol. 47, no. 19, pp. 1349–1352, Nov. 1981
[9] L.O. Chua, “The genesis of Chua‟s circuit”, Archiv für Elektronik und Übertragungstechnik, vol.
46, no. 4, pp. 250–257, 1992
[10] Chua, L. O. Memristor - the missing circuit element, IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory, 18, 1971,
pp.507–519.
[11] Dongale, T. D. "An Elementary Note on Skin Hydration Measurement Using Memristive Effect."
Health (2013).
[12] Dongale, T. D. An Overview of Fourth Fundamental Circuit Element-„The Memristor‟, Available
at: https://nanohub.org/resources/16590
[13] Cafagna D, Grassi G. Experimental study of dynamic behaviors and routes to chaos in DC– DC
boost converters. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2005; 25: 499–507.
[14] Tse CK. Flip bifurcation and chaos in three-state boost switching regulators. IEEE Trans Circuit
Syst-11994; 41 (1) :16–21.
[15] Banerjee S. Nonlinear modeling and bifurcation in boost converter. IEEE Trans Power Electron
1998 ;13 (2) : 253–60.
[16] Abbasi A., Rostami M., Abdollahi J., Abbasi H. R. and Daneshmand H. N., “An analytical discrete
model for evaluation the chaotic behaviour of boost converter under current control mode”,
ISIEA09 Malysia IEEE Conf., pp. 403-407, 2009.
[17] Guo L. W., Wei Z. L. and Ke W. J., “Self-Stable chaos control of dc-dc converter”, Chinese Phys,
Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 30503-30506, 2009.
[18] Dongale, T. D., Jadhav, S. R., Kulkarni, S. V., Kulkarni, T. G., Mudholkar, R. R., & Uplane, M. D.
(2012). Performance Comparison of PID and Fuzzy Control Techniques in Three Phase Induction
Motor Control. Int. J. on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, 7(2). DOI:
01.IJRTET.07.2.517
[19] Dongale, T. D., Kulkarni, T. G., Jadhav, S. R., Kulkarni, S. V., & Mudholkar, R. R. (2012). AC
Induction Motor Control-A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach. International Journal Of Engineering Science
& Advanced Technology, 2(4), 863-870.
8. International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS) Vol.2, No.3, September 2013
66
[20] Dongale, T. D., Kulkarni, T. G., Ghatage, S. R., & Mudholkar, R. R. (2012). Implementation and
Comparative study of Three Phase Induction Motor Control Using PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic and
Neural Network Techniques, International Journal of Advanced and Innovative Research ISSN:
2278-7844, Volume 1, Issue 6, November 2012, pp. 271-275T.
[21] D. A. Kulkarni, T. D. Dongale and M. D. Uplane, Simulation of Three-Phase Inverter Using
Minimum Number of Controlled Switches, Elixir Power Elec. Engg. 57 (2013), pp. 14071-14072
[22] B.K. Bose, Modern Power Electronics: Evolution, Technology and Applications, New York: IEEE
Press, 1992
[23] Boost Converter, Available at: http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~sequel/sim_exercises/boost.pdf, Retrieved:
5 June, 2013.
[24] S. Banerjee, S. Parui, and A. Gupta, “Dynamical effects of missed switching in current-mode
controlled dc–dc converters,” IEEE Trans. on Circuit and System-II: Express Briefs, vol. 51, no.
12, pp. 649-654, Dec. 2004.
[25] C. K. Tse and Y. M. Lai, “Control of bifurcation in current-programmed DC/DC converters: a
reexamination of slope compensation,” in ISCAS, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000, pp. I-671-674.
[26] R. Giral, A. El Aroudi, L. Martinez-Salamero, R. Leyva, and J. Maixe, “Current control technique
for improving EMC in power converters,” Electronics Letters, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 274-275, Mar.
2001.
[27] R. Leyva, L. Martinez-Salamero, H. Valderrama-Blavi, J. Maixe, R. Giral, and F. Guinjoan,
“Linear state-feedback control of a boost converter for large-signal stability,” IEEE Trans. on
Circuit and System-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 418-424, Apr.
2001.
[28] K. Noppadol, S. Phaophak, and W. Theerayod, “Control of bifurcation for a current-mode DC/DC
boost converter by self-inductor current feedback ,” in ISCIT, Japan, 2006, pp. 200-203.
[29] W.-G. Lu, L.-W. Zhou and Q.-M. Luo, “Dynamic feedback controlling chaos in current-mode
boost converter,” Chinese Physics Letters, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1837-1840, 2007.
[30] Natsheh, Ammar N., J. Gordon Kettleborough, and Jamal M. Nazzal. "Analysis, simulation and
experimental study of chaotic behaviour in parallel-connected DC–DC boost converters." Chaos,
Solitons & Fractals 39.5 (2009): 2465-2476.
Author Bibliography
Mr. T. D. Dongale was born in 1989, India. He did his Bachelors and Masters in
Electronics specialized in Embedded Systems. He is Assistant Professor in School
of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. He also qualified
the State Eligibility Test for Lectureship (SET) and National Eligibility Test for
Lectureship with Junior Research Fellowship (NET-JRF) during his second
year of Masters itself. He has been awarded ‘Merit Scholarship’ of the Shivaji
University, Kolhapur for securing the first rank in his graduation and post
graduation studies. Moreover he is also a recipient of the „Eklavya Scholarship’
for supporting his Masters studies. He has to his credit 15 research papers published in reputed international
journals and author of three book ‘The Treatise on sensor interfacing’ (Germany, Lap- Lambert, 2012)’,
‘Annals of Scholarly Research in Electronic’, (Germany, Lap- Lambert, 2012)’, ‘ZigBee and RFID
Based System Design’, (Germany, Lap- Lambert, 2012)’. His current research interests are Soft
Computing, Feedback Control System, Power Electronics, Computational Electronics, Chaos and
Memristor.