Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) have a bright prospect in the small wind turbine (WT) applications; PMSGs compared to the conventional electrically excitated generators have many advantages, that’s why they have attracted many and a strong interest of research. In this paper, a comparative PMSG performance study's is presented, these performances is studied as a function of physical material like the type of permanent magnet (high, poor, average and linear), as a function of the environmental conditions as rotor speed, finally, as a function of the design and geometrical parameters (rotor length, number of poles, number of stator slots). These results are obtained by finite element method (FEM); this approach is a powerful and useful tool to study and design PMSGs, as represented in this paper.
Design and analysis of an external rotor internal-stator doubly fed induction...Mellah Hacene
In this paper, a time stepping 2D and 3D FEM is performed for modeling and analysis external rotor DFIG .The finite element method currently represents the state-of-the-art in the numerical magnetic field computation relating to electrical machines. FEM is a numerical method to solve the partial differential equations (PDE) that expresses the physical quantities of interest, in this case Maxwell’s equations. This will result in a more accurate result compared to analytical modeling, which can be regarded as a simplification of the PDE. FEM analysis is used for transient mode, magnetic field calculation, the magnetic flux density and vector potential of machine is obtained. In this model we including, non linear material characteristics, eddy current effect, torque-speed characteristics, ambient temperature effect and magnetic analysis are investigated using MAXWELL program. With this program, the components of the DFIG can be calculated with high accuracy.
Triboelectric generator using mesoporous polydimethylsiloxane and gold layerjournalBEEI
This paper presents a triboelectric generator using mesoporous (PDMS) polydimethylsiloxane and gold layer which was demonstrated in energy harvesting applications. The performance of power generation by the means of triboelectric principle at a small dimension, namely triboelectric generator is characterized. In this paper, triboelectric generator device adapted vertical contact-separation operation mode, whereby the device derives power generation based on contact electrification caused by cyclic tapping motion. Being primarily a two-layer structure, this device comprises a top layer of aluminum (Al) electrode coated with mesoporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film and another bottom layer of Al electrode coated with gold (Au) deposit. The characterization of this device is done by varying frequencies and cyclic compression force applied to triboelectric generator. The optimal performance of the 2 cm x 2 cm triboelectric generator contact surface area generated an open-circuit voltage of 4.4 V and a current of 0.1 µA at 5 Hz frequency. This research and device can be improved by magnifying the effective surface area of triboelectric generator to generate significant power for small base area.
This pretension present several piezo electric material, which can be used for energy harvesting.
the simulation of this project has done by several software such as Comsol Multiphysics to study the reaction of Piezo material ,CFD computational fluid dynamic
Analysis and comparison of different PV technologies for determining the opti...IOSRJEEE
This study focuses on the analysis and comparison of three different photovoltaic technologies of silicon module: Amorphous silicon (a-Si), polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) and monocrystalline silicon (mc-si) with 2 KWp for each one of theme, connected to the grid, when they are exposed to the same real sun conditions over a one year period under the meteorological conditions of Mohammedia (Morocco) ,to determine the optimal PV power system in the region. For this aim ,the amount of energy generated by each system, cost analysis, annual incomes, breakeven points, annual CO2 emissions avoided, installation area occupied by the system and total weights of each system are evaluated for each panel type used in the installed system and potential energy to be generated by solar energy in the region was considered. Following energy generation, which lasted one year, it is concluded that ploy-crystalline silicon panels are the most optimal panel for the region because it yields the highest annual incomes and the shortest breakeven point for the investors
Design and Simulation of Array of Rectangular Micro Cantilevers Piezoelectric...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, analysis and simulation of MEMS based array of bimorph rectangular microcantilever piezoelectric energy harvester structure with and without tip mass, to analyze their sensitivity. The microcantilever beams are made up of piezoelectric material and Aluminium as a substrate material. The analytical simulation of design is done by FEM (COMSOL Multiphysics). The simulation results of bimorph cantilever structure, applied force of 0.1 N and obtained end displacement and electric potential developed are given. The analytical model of the cantilever beam will be analyzed and the process of its construction will be discussed. The changes in the sensitivity of a cantilever beam with respect to change in its shape for the same applied force of 0.1N are denoted.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Outer Stator Inner Rotor DFIG by 2d and 3d ...Mellah Hacene
In this paper, a time stepping 2D and 3D FEM is performed for modeling and analysis interior rotor DFIG .The finite element method currently represents the state-of-the-art in the numerical magnetic field computation relating to electrical machines. FEM is a numerical method to solve the partial differential equations (PDE) that expresses the physical quantities of interest, in this case Maxwell’s equations. This will result in a more accurate result compared to analytical modeling, which can be regarded as a simplification of the PDE. FEM analysis is used for transient mode, magnetic field calculation, the magnetic flux density and vector potential of machine is obtained. In this model we including, non linear material characteristics, eddy current effect, torque-speed characteristics, ambient temperature effect and magnetic analysis are investigated.
Design and analysis of an external rotor internal-stator doubly fed induction...Mellah Hacene
In this paper, a time stepping 2D and 3D FEM is performed for modeling and analysis external rotor DFIG .The finite element method currently represents the state-of-the-art in the numerical magnetic field computation relating to electrical machines. FEM is a numerical method to solve the partial differential equations (PDE) that expresses the physical quantities of interest, in this case Maxwell’s equations. This will result in a more accurate result compared to analytical modeling, which can be regarded as a simplification of the PDE. FEM analysis is used for transient mode, magnetic field calculation, the magnetic flux density and vector potential of machine is obtained. In this model we including, non linear material characteristics, eddy current effect, torque-speed characteristics, ambient temperature effect and magnetic analysis are investigated using MAXWELL program. With this program, the components of the DFIG can be calculated with high accuracy.
Triboelectric generator using mesoporous polydimethylsiloxane and gold layerjournalBEEI
This paper presents a triboelectric generator using mesoporous (PDMS) polydimethylsiloxane and gold layer which was demonstrated in energy harvesting applications. The performance of power generation by the means of triboelectric principle at a small dimension, namely triboelectric generator is characterized. In this paper, triboelectric generator device adapted vertical contact-separation operation mode, whereby the device derives power generation based on contact electrification caused by cyclic tapping motion. Being primarily a two-layer structure, this device comprises a top layer of aluminum (Al) electrode coated with mesoporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film and another bottom layer of Al electrode coated with gold (Au) deposit. The characterization of this device is done by varying frequencies and cyclic compression force applied to triboelectric generator. The optimal performance of the 2 cm x 2 cm triboelectric generator contact surface area generated an open-circuit voltage of 4.4 V and a current of 0.1 µA at 5 Hz frequency. This research and device can be improved by magnifying the effective surface area of triboelectric generator to generate significant power for small base area.
This pretension present several piezo electric material, which can be used for energy harvesting.
the simulation of this project has done by several software such as Comsol Multiphysics to study the reaction of Piezo material ,CFD computational fluid dynamic
Analysis and comparison of different PV technologies for determining the opti...IOSRJEEE
This study focuses on the analysis and comparison of three different photovoltaic technologies of silicon module: Amorphous silicon (a-Si), polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) and monocrystalline silicon (mc-si) with 2 KWp for each one of theme, connected to the grid, when they are exposed to the same real sun conditions over a one year period under the meteorological conditions of Mohammedia (Morocco) ,to determine the optimal PV power system in the region. For this aim ,the amount of energy generated by each system, cost analysis, annual incomes, breakeven points, annual CO2 emissions avoided, installation area occupied by the system and total weights of each system are evaluated for each panel type used in the installed system and potential energy to be generated by solar energy in the region was considered. Following energy generation, which lasted one year, it is concluded that ploy-crystalline silicon panels are the most optimal panel for the region because it yields the highest annual incomes and the shortest breakeven point for the investors
Design and Simulation of Array of Rectangular Micro Cantilevers Piezoelectric...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, analysis and simulation of MEMS based array of bimorph rectangular microcantilever piezoelectric energy harvester structure with and without tip mass, to analyze their sensitivity. The microcantilever beams are made up of piezoelectric material and Aluminium as a substrate material. The analytical simulation of design is done by FEM (COMSOL Multiphysics). The simulation results of bimorph cantilever structure, applied force of 0.1 N and obtained end displacement and electric potential developed are given. The analytical model of the cantilever beam will be analyzed and the process of its construction will be discussed. The changes in the sensitivity of a cantilever beam with respect to change in its shape for the same applied force of 0.1N are denoted.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Outer Stator Inner Rotor DFIG by 2d and 3d ...Mellah Hacene
In this paper, a time stepping 2D and 3D FEM is performed for modeling and analysis interior rotor DFIG .The finite element method currently represents the state-of-the-art in the numerical magnetic field computation relating to electrical machines. FEM is a numerical method to solve the partial differential equations (PDE) that expresses the physical quantities of interest, in this case Maxwell’s equations. This will result in a more accurate result compared to analytical modeling, which can be regarded as a simplification of the PDE. FEM analysis is used for transient mode, magnetic field calculation, the magnetic flux density and vector potential of machine is obtained. In this model we including, non linear material characteristics, eddy current effect, torque-speed characteristics, ambient temperature effect and magnetic analysis are investigated.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System for the Electrif...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper explores the potential of use of stand-alone hybrid wind/solar energy system in electrification of calibrating equipment of drilling oil rig in Iran. To achieve this, different hybrid energy system configurations based on calibration equipment demand are proposed. This study puts emphasis on the energy production and cost of energy from both wind turbine and photovoltaic (PV) in the hybrid system. In addition, to make conditions more realistic, the real meteorological data is used for HOMER software to perform the technical and economic analysis of the hybrid system. Results indicate that the PV array shares more electricity production than the wind turbine generator if both wind turbine and PV array are utilized in the wind/solar hybrid system. Moreover, results show that the operational cost will be reduced by the suggested hybrid system.
Energy is a fundamental need for industries in every part of the world. The cost of
electricity has increased significantly in the recent years and this trend is expected to continue in the
coming years as well. Ventilation is a key component in the design and execution of all underground
mine operations. Energy-efficient ventilation design is crucial for maintaining safe working
conditions in underground coal or metal mines. Ventilation demand in metal mines may vary
throughout the year, and a careful redesign of the ventilation system can optimize energy costs to a
good extent. This paper investigates the potential for energy savings in underground metal mines by
installing variable frequency drives (VFDs) on the main ventilation fans to provide variable control of
airflow. VFDs are cost-effective, easy to control and require little maintenance. It has been found that
significant amounts of electrical energy can be saved by installing VFDs on the main ventilation fans.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbineTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the renewable energies that can be using to generate electricity. Increasing demand for this type of renewable energy for sustainability and accessibility. Environmentally as it does not cause any pollution in addition to the abundance of required equipment and lessmaintenance and long operation life of its parts despite the high cost of the system at its installation but at long term, become cheaper. Wind power generators depend on their operation on wind speed and direction. Therefore,it should be installing in places where the wind speed is adequate and sufficient to rotate its rotor, it knows that wind speed is variable in its speed and direction they change every hour and every season. In this design, many practical and theoretical (simulation) experiments have been done which will be mentioned and explained in details in this research shows that this mechanism raises the efficiency of wind power generators by 80% when the rotor of the wind turbine directed towards the wind than if they were fixed direction.
Design and Construction of a 20 000 Mah Wind Power Bankijtsrd
The study aimed to design and construct a portable wind power bank, using quantitative research method to profoundly explain the concept and define the problems that will make an improvement for the ideas in developing the project. One type of wind powered battery charging will be explored in this paper. This can be used in times of power interruptions, in the absence of electrical sources, during outdoor activities away from home where charging is a necessity, and most specially to save money by minimizing electrical consumption. It is designed to be installed fixed on home rooftops when at home but can be detachable and can be carried whenever necessary. It is an energy saving device for the reason that it may not need any external source of electricity. It consists of a wind turbine driving a generator and operates at variable speed. It consists of three different modules which are power supply module, power storage module and phone charging module. All these modules consist of different components that perform different functions. The power supply module consists of the components' physics, the principles and the design. The power storage module includes the components parameters responsible for the restoration of energy to the battery after it has been used to charge mobile phones. There is connecting port between the power bank power storage and charging module and the phone charging module through which it can be connected in order to recharge phones as well as to recharge the power bank from an AC source. This paper analyzes the property of the system components. The effect of parameter variation and the system configuration on the system performance are investigated. Ramon L. Pitao, Jr. | Sunny E. Araneta | Clifford Jan C. Dionson | Jaypee G. Gagarino | Ronald M. Famor ""Design and Construction of a 20 000 Mah Wind Power Bank"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23426.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23426/design-and-construction-of-a-20-000-mah-wind-power-bank/ramon-l-pitao-jr
Performance of a Wind System: Case Study of Sidi Daoud SiteIJERA Editor
This paper describes recent developments of systems for the conversion of wind energy. It presents a modeling and simulation of wind energy conversion system at the site of Sidi Daoud using the experimental results obtained by the services of the company STEG and Madee. We determined the performance of machines based on site properties and dimensional characteristics of the device.
Designing Controller for Joined Dynamic Nonlinear PEMFC and Buck Converter Sy...IJPEDS-IAES
Designing controller for a class of dynamical nonlinear model for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is discussed in this paper inwhich the PEMFC system is used for powering a Notebook PC (Processing Computer). The power requirement of a Notebook PC varies significantly under different operational conditions. The proposed feedback controller is applied for the buck dc/dc converter to stabilize the load voltage at a desirable level under various operational conditions. The simulation results show the promising performance of the proposed controller at the different operating conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improved backtracking search optimization algorithm for PV/Wind/FC systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper uses a novel optimization method based on the improved backtracking search optimization algorithm (IBSA). The study is conducted for a hybrid stand-alone system composed of photovoltaic panel (PV), wind turbine generator and fuel cell electrolyzer (FC). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the IBSA, four benchmark functions are used. The result shows the better exploration and exploitation of the improved backtracking search optimization algorithm in terms of convergence and speed for system comprinsing PV panel wind, turbine generator and fuel cell. The proposed algorithm is used to optimize the annual total cost (ATC) of the energy produced and feed up the load demand. The economic evaluation of the Hybrid PV/Wind/FC system is done throughout hourly demand and daily wind speed and insulation. The simulation results justify the robustness of the IBSA.
comparative analysis of solar photovoltaic thermal (pvt) water and solarIJCMESJOURNAL
The present commercial photovoltaic solar cell (PV) converts solar energy into electricity with a relatively low efficiency less than 15%. More than 80% of the absorbed solar energy is dumped into the surroundings as heat after photovoltaic conversion. The electrical efficiency of photovoltaic system drops as its operating temperature rises and for this reason PV cooling is necessary. Therefore, stabilizing the temperature of photovoltaic modules at low level is highly desirable to improve the efficiency. Hybrid solar technology has the advantage of increasing the energy output per unit installed collector area. India as a tropical country is deemed to have a good potential of applying this technology. In this paper, solar PVT (Photovoltaic-Thermal) air and water collector hybrid systems were designed by using a poly crystalline silicon PV module as solar absorber and the comparative study was carried out. Air and water cooling of a commercial PV module configured as PVT air solar collector and PVT water solar collector by forced flow is studied. The energy and exergy performance of the PVT systems has been experimentally determined for various mass flow rates of fluids. The experimental result shows that the combined PVT system has got better performance than the simple PV and solar PVT water hybrid system has better efficiency than both. These systems are simple and suitable for building integration providing space heating depending on the season and for low temperature heating application.
Analysis and Comparisons of Different Type of WCES- A Literature Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: With very rapid development of wind power technologies and significant growth of wind power capacity installed worldwide, various wind turbine concepts have been developed. The wind energy conversion system is required to be more cost-competitive, so that comparisons of different wind generator systems are necessary. A literature review of different types wind energy conversion systems is presented. First, the modern wind turbines are described with respect to both their control features and drive train types, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Then, the quantitative comparison and market penetration of different wind generator systems are presented. The promising permanent magnet generator types are also investigated. After that the ongoing trends of wind generator systems and related comparison criteria are discussed.
Hybrid Photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems more effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy. Two sources of energy are used one of the energy is solar,that converts radiant light into electrical energy and heat energy which will convert heat into electricity.Photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules are used to capture and convert the energy into electricity.Furthermore solar-thermoelectric hybrid system is environmental friendly and has no harmful emissions.Solar-thermoelectric hybrid system increases the overall reliability without sacrificing the quality of power generated.In this paper an overview of the previous research and development of technological advancement in the solar-thermoelectric hybrid systems is presented.
Hybrid renewable energy photovoltaic and darrieus VAWT as propulsion fuel of ...journalBEEI
Currently, marine transportation in the world still uses fossil fuels. In addition to running low on supplies, fossil fuels also cause emissions that cause global warming. Sea transportation generates around 1,000 million tonnes of CO2 emissions. Therefore, the exploration of alternative energy is becoming a popular research direction. Several renewable energy sources include solar and wind energy. Indonesia has an average wind speed of above 8 m/s at sea. Also, the energy potential of the sun is around 4.8 kWh/m2. Based on the potential of these renewable energy sources, this study discusses the potential of renewable energy sources from sunlight and wind, which are implemented in the prototype catamaran ship. The results obtained from the experiment, the total energy of photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generators is 774 Wh. This energy can be used to charge a battery with a battery specification of 35Ah for 6 hours.
OZ Assignment Help leading in Assignment services in Australia, ECE464 Power Electronics Assignment Solution discuss renewable energy source, energy facility
Optimal power generation for wind-hydro-thermal system using meta-heuristic a...IJECEIAES
In this paper, cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) is suggested for determining optimal operation parameters of the combined wind turbine and hydrothermal system (CWHTS) in order to minimize total fuel cost of all operating thermal power plants while all constraints of plants and system are exactly satisfied. In addition to CSA, Particle swarm optimization (PSO), PSO with constriction factor and inertia weight factor (FCIW-PSO) and social ski-driver (SSD) are also implemented for comparisons. The CWHTS is optimally scheduled over twenty-four one-hour interval and total cost of producing power energy is employed for comparison. Via numerical results and graphical results, it indicates CSA can reach much better results than other ones in terms of lower total cost, higher success rate and faster search process. Consequently, the conclusion is confirmed that CSA is a very efficient method for the problem of determining optimal operation parameters of CWHTS.
Dynamic design and simulation analysis of permanent magnet motor in different...Mellah Hacene
This paper deals with investigation on non purely sinusoidal input supply analysis of line-start PMM using finite element analysis (FEA), in the present times a greater awareness is generated by the problems of harmonic voltages and currents produced by non-linear loads like the power electronic converters. These combine with non-linear nature of PMM core and produce severe distortions in voltages and currents and increase the power loss, additional copper losses due to harmonic currents, increased core losses, electromagnetic interference with communication circuits, efficiency reduction, increased in motors temperature and torque oscillations. In addition to the operation of PMM on the sinusoidal supplies, the harmonic behavior becomes important as the size and rating of the PMM increases. Thus the study of harmonics is of great practical significance in the operation of PMM.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System for the Electrif...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper explores the potential of use of stand-alone hybrid wind/solar energy system in electrification of calibrating equipment of drilling oil rig in Iran. To achieve this, different hybrid energy system configurations based on calibration equipment demand are proposed. This study puts emphasis on the energy production and cost of energy from both wind turbine and photovoltaic (PV) in the hybrid system. In addition, to make conditions more realistic, the real meteorological data is used for HOMER software to perform the technical and economic analysis of the hybrid system. Results indicate that the PV array shares more electricity production than the wind turbine generator if both wind turbine and PV array are utilized in the wind/solar hybrid system. Moreover, results show that the operational cost will be reduced by the suggested hybrid system.
Energy is a fundamental need for industries in every part of the world. The cost of
electricity has increased significantly in the recent years and this trend is expected to continue in the
coming years as well. Ventilation is a key component in the design and execution of all underground
mine operations. Energy-efficient ventilation design is crucial for maintaining safe working
conditions in underground coal or metal mines. Ventilation demand in metal mines may vary
throughout the year, and a careful redesign of the ventilation system can optimize energy costs to a
good extent. This paper investigates the potential for energy savings in underground metal mines by
installing variable frequency drives (VFDs) on the main ventilation fans to provide variable control of
airflow. VFDs are cost-effective, easy to control and require little maintenance. It has been found that
significant amounts of electrical energy can be saved by installing VFDs on the main ventilation fans.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbineTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the renewable energies that can be using to generate electricity. Increasing demand for this type of renewable energy for sustainability and accessibility. Environmentally as it does not cause any pollution in addition to the abundance of required equipment and lessmaintenance and long operation life of its parts despite the high cost of the system at its installation but at long term, become cheaper. Wind power generators depend on their operation on wind speed and direction. Therefore,it should be installing in places where the wind speed is adequate and sufficient to rotate its rotor, it knows that wind speed is variable in its speed and direction they change every hour and every season. In this design, many practical and theoretical (simulation) experiments have been done which will be mentioned and explained in details in this research shows that this mechanism raises the efficiency of wind power generators by 80% when the rotor of the wind turbine directed towards the wind than if they were fixed direction.
Design and Construction of a 20 000 Mah Wind Power Bankijtsrd
The study aimed to design and construct a portable wind power bank, using quantitative research method to profoundly explain the concept and define the problems that will make an improvement for the ideas in developing the project. One type of wind powered battery charging will be explored in this paper. This can be used in times of power interruptions, in the absence of electrical sources, during outdoor activities away from home where charging is a necessity, and most specially to save money by minimizing electrical consumption. It is designed to be installed fixed on home rooftops when at home but can be detachable and can be carried whenever necessary. It is an energy saving device for the reason that it may not need any external source of electricity. It consists of a wind turbine driving a generator and operates at variable speed. It consists of three different modules which are power supply module, power storage module and phone charging module. All these modules consist of different components that perform different functions. The power supply module consists of the components' physics, the principles and the design. The power storage module includes the components parameters responsible for the restoration of energy to the battery after it has been used to charge mobile phones. There is connecting port between the power bank power storage and charging module and the phone charging module through which it can be connected in order to recharge phones as well as to recharge the power bank from an AC source. This paper analyzes the property of the system components. The effect of parameter variation and the system configuration on the system performance are investigated. Ramon L. Pitao, Jr. | Sunny E. Araneta | Clifford Jan C. Dionson | Jaypee G. Gagarino | Ronald M. Famor ""Design and Construction of a 20 000 Mah Wind Power Bank"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23426.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23426/design-and-construction-of-a-20-000-mah-wind-power-bank/ramon-l-pitao-jr
Performance of a Wind System: Case Study of Sidi Daoud SiteIJERA Editor
This paper describes recent developments of systems for the conversion of wind energy. It presents a modeling and simulation of wind energy conversion system at the site of Sidi Daoud using the experimental results obtained by the services of the company STEG and Madee. We determined the performance of machines based on site properties and dimensional characteristics of the device.
Designing Controller for Joined Dynamic Nonlinear PEMFC and Buck Converter Sy...IJPEDS-IAES
Designing controller for a class of dynamical nonlinear model for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is discussed in this paper inwhich the PEMFC system is used for powering a Notebook PC (Processing Computer). The power requirement of a Notebook PC varies significantly under different operational conditions. The proposed feedback controller is applied for the buck dc/dc converter to stabilize the load voltage at a desirable level under various operational conditions. The simulation results show the promising performance of the proposed controller at the different operating conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improved backtracking search optimization algorithm for PV/Wind/FC systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper uses a novel optimization method based on the improved backtracking search optimization algorithm (IBSA). The study is conducted for a hybrid stand-alone system composed of photovoltaic panel (PV), wind turbine generator and fuel cell electrolyzer (FC). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the IBSA, four benchmark functions are used. The result shows the better exploration and exploitation of the improved backtracking search optimization algorithm in terms of convergence and speed for system comprinsing PV panel wind, turbine generator and fuel cell. The proposed algorithm is used to optimize the annual total cost (ATC) of the energy produced and feed up the load demand. The economic evaluation of the Hybrid PV/Wind/FC system is done throughout hourly demand and daily wind speed and insulation. The simulation results justify the robustness of the IBSA.
comparative analysis of solar photovoltaic thermal (pvt) water and solarIJCMESJOURNAL
The present commercial photovoltaic solar cell (PV) converts solar energy into electricity with a relatively low efficiency less than 15%. More than 80% of the absorbed solar energy is dumped into the surroundings as heat after photovoltaic conversion. The electrical efficiency of photovoltaic system drops as its operating temperature rises and for this reason PV cooling is necessary. Therefore, stabilizing the temperature of photovoltaic modules at low level is highly desirable to improve the efficiency. Hybrid solar technology has the advantage of increasing the energy output per unit installed collector area. India as a tropical country is deemed to have a good potential of applying this technology. In this paper, solar PVT (Photovoltaic-Thermal) air and water collector hybrid systems were designed by using a poly crystalline silicon PV module as solar absorber and the comparative study was carried out. Air and water cooling of a commercial PV module configured as PVT air solar collector and PVT water solar collector by forced flow is studied. The energy and exergy performance of the PVT systems has been experimentally determined for various mass flow rates of fluids. The experimental result shows that the combined PVT system has got better performance than the simple PV and solar PVT water hybrid system has better efficiency than both. These systems are simple and suitable for building integration providing space heating depending on the season and for low temperature heating application.
Analysis and Comparisons of Different Type of WCES- A Literature Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: With very rapid development of wind power technologies and significant growth of wind power capacity installed worldwide, various wind turbine concepts have been developed. The wind energy conversion system is required to be more cost-competitive, so that comparisons of different wind generator systems are necessary. A literature review of different types wind energy conversion systems is presented. First, the modern wind turbines are described with respect to both their control features and drive train types, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Then, the quantitative comparison and market penetration of different wind generator systems are presented. The promising permanent magnet generator types are also investigated. After that the ongoing trends of wind generator systems and related comparison criteria are discussed.
Hybrid Photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems more effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy. Two sources of energy are used one of the energy is solar,that converts radiant light into electrical energy and heat energy which will convert heat into electricity.Photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules are used to capture and convert the energy into electricity.Furthermore solar-thermoelectric hybrid system is environmental friendly and has no harmful emissions.Solar-thermoelectric hybrid system increases the overall reliability without sacrificing the quality of power generated.In this paper an overview of the previous research and development of technological advancement in the solar-thermoelectric hybrid systems is presented.
Hybrid renewable energy photovoltaic and darrieus VAWT as propulsion fuel of ...journalBEEI
Currently, marine transportation in the world still uses fossil fuels. In addition to running low on supplies, fossil fuels also cause emissions that cause global warming. Sea transportation generates around 1,000 million tonnes of CO2 emissions. Therefore, the exploration of alternative energy is becoming a popular research direction. Several renewable energy sources include solar and wind energy. Indonesia has an average wind speed of above 8 m/s at sea. Also, the energy potential of the sun is around 4.8 kWh/m2. Based on the potential of these renewable energy sources, this study discusses the potential of renewable energy sources from sunlight and wind, which are implemented in the prototype catamaran ship. The results obtained from the experiment, the total energy of photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generators is 774 Wh. This energy can be used to charge a battery with a battery specification of 35Ah for 6 hours.
OZ Assignment Help leading in Assignment services in Australia, ECE464 Power Electronics Assignment Solution discuss renewable energy source, energy facility
Optimal power generation for wind-hydro-thermal system using meta-heuristic a...IJECEIAES
In this paper, cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) is suggested for determining optimal operation parameters of the combined wind turbine and hydrothermal system (CWHTS) in order to minimize total fuel cost of all operating thermal power plants while all constraints of plants and system are exactly satisfied. In addition to CSA, Particle swarm optimization (PSO), PSO with constriction factor and inertia weight factor (FCIW-PSO) and social ski-driver (SSD) are also implemented for comparisons. The CWHTS is optimally scheduled over twenty-four one-hour interval and total cost of producing power energy is employed for comparison. Via numerical results and graphical results, it indicates CSA can reach much better results than other ones in terms of lower total cost, higher success rate and faster search process. Consequently, the conclusion is confirmed that CSA is a very efficient method for the problem of determining optimal operation parameters of CWHTS.
Dynamic design and simulation analysis of permanent magnet motor in different...Mellah Hacene
This paper deals with investigation on non purely sinusoidal input supply analysis of line-start PMM using finite element analysis (FEA), in the present times a greater awareness is generated by the problems of harmonic voltages and currents produced by non-linear loads like the power electronic converters. These combine with non-linear nature of PMM core and produce severe distortions in voltages and currents and increase the power loss, additional copper losses due to harmonic currents, increased core losses, electromagnetic interference with communication circuits, efficiency reduction, increased in motors temperature and torque oscillations. In addition to the operation of PMM on the sinusoidal supplies, the harmonic behavior becomes important as the size and rating of the PMM increases. Thus the study of harmonics is of great practical significance in the operation of PMM.
The use of ekf to estimate the transient thermal behaviour of induction motor...Mellah Hacene
In this paper, a survey is conducted to examine the problem of estimating the states and parameters of an asynchronous machine when some of these measures are not available or the estimation approach is the best solution. The modeling is based on the theory of power dissipation; heat transfer and the rate of temperature increase the stator and the rotor, taking into account the effect of speed on trade. The first purpose of this article is displayed the effect of variable losses depending on the load and constant losses on the thermal behavior of asynchronous motor. According to the sensor’s problems and the obtaining of the thermal information about the rotor, the second goal is the use of a sensorless method like the use of the EKF (extended Kalman filter), some simulation results are given and commented.
Stochastic Estimation Methods for Induction Motor Transient Thermal Monitorin...Mellah Hacene
The induction machine, because of its robustness and low-cost, is commonly
used in the industry. Nevertheless, as every type of electrical machine, this
machine suffers of some limitations. The most important one is the working
temperature which is the dimensioning parameter for the definition of the
nominal working point and the machine lifetime. Due to a strong demand
concerning thermal monitoring methods appeared in the industry sector. In
this context, the adding of temperature sensors is not acceptable and the
studied methods tend to use sensorless approaches such as observators or
parameters estimators like the extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Then the
important criteria are reliability, computational cost ad real time
implementation.
Stochastic estimation methods for induction motor transient thermal monitorin...Mellah Hacene
The induction machine, because of its robustness and low-cost, is commonly used in the industry. Nevertheless, as every type of electrical machine, this machine suffers of some limitations. The most important one is the working temperature which is the dimensioning parameter for the definition of the nominal working point and the machine lifetime. Due to a strong demand concerning thermal monitoring methods appeared in the industry sector. In this context, the adding of temperature sensors is not acceptable and the studied methods tend to use sensorless approaches such as observators or parameters estimators like the extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Then the important criteria are reliability, computational cost ad real time implementation.
Comparative performances analysis of different rotor types for pmsg used in w...Mellah Hacene
PMSG provides a high performance, compact size, light weight, and low noise, without forgetting its simple structure, high thrust, and ease of maintenance, allow replacing steam catapults in the future. Most turbine generators at low wind speed are presented PMSGs, These it has advantages of high efficiency and reliability, since there is no need of external excitation and loss of drivers are removed from the rotor. In this paper, a comparative PMSG performance study's with several rotor topology is presented, each topology rotor has its own permanent magnet structure that is width, thickness and angle. These results are obtained by finite element method (FEM); this approach is a powerful and useful tool to study and design PMSGs, as represented in this paper.
There are abundant of wave energy converter technologies available to convert wave energy into useable energy. However, most of them are huge and suitable for large application. Thus, this paper aimed to propose portable pico generator designs for small scale application. Investigation on the performance of designs with varying halbach magnet shapes was mainly focused and discussed. Two designs of different magnet shape i.e. triangular and trapezoid were proposed. Open-circuit simulation and optimization results were obtained using Finite Element Method. From the results, it was found out that Trapezoid Magnet Design produced better performance and lower material cost compared to another proposed design, Triangular Magnet as well as conventional Rectangular Magnet shape.
Design of Lattice Wind Turbine Towers With Structural OptimizationIJERA Editor
This article aims to study the self-supporting truss towers used to support large wind turbines in areas with high altitude. The goal is to evaluate and validate numerically by finite element method the structural analysis when the lattice structures of the towers of wind turbines are subjected to static loads and these from common usage. With this, it is expected minimize the cost of transportation and installation of the tower and maximize the generation of electricity, respecting technical standards and restrictions of structural integrity and safety, making vibration analysis and the required static and dynamic loads, thereby preventing failures by fractures or mechanical fatigue. Practical examples of towers will be designed by the system and will be tested in structural simulation programs using the Finite Element Method. This analysis is done on the entire region coupling action of the turbine, with variable sensitivity to vibration levels. The results obtained for freestanding lattice tower are compared with the information of a tubular one designed to support the generator with the same characteristics. At the end of this work itwas possible to observe the feasibility of using lattice towers that proved better as its structural performance but with caveats about its dynamic performance since the appearance of several other modes natural frequency thus reducing the intervals between them in low frequency and theoretically increase the risk of resonance.
Numerical Analysis of Magnetic Compounds used to Make Induction Planar Actuat...irjes
Research exposes the electric planar actuator as an element of traction which can be employed for
bidirectional movement performed by a single mechanism as an alternative to the usual composed disposition of
mechanical components and rotary motors used in industrial applications. Considering the capacity of the
surface motors to produce kinetic energy with minimum mechanical contact between the stator and the
translator, thus it reduces the friction and consequently eliminates this and other nonlinearities present in other
drive technologies normally used. When the process of powder metallurgy is used, it is possible to build unique
massive blocks cores with high magnetic permeability and advantages can be obtained when compared to
conventional cores, such as motors with lower energy consumption and higher efficiency. Therefore the focus of
this paper concentrates on simulations of magnetic compounds and alloys through analysis by the Finite
Element Method with support for three-dimensional models applied in the confection of magnetic circuits used
in planar actuator. The performance of the cores was analyzed by magnetic field density spectral with numerical
information of the maximum magnetic flux density and the influence of the variation of the supply frequency.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN WIND ENERGY ENGINEERINGahmedjassim36
because of the rapid development of miniaturized and portable electronics, new technologies that can harvest energy from our daily living environment as sustainable and selfsufficient micro/ nanopower sources are highly desirable. Recently, nanogenerators (NGs) have been actively developed since 2006 for converting small-scale mechanical energy into electricity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy sourceTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in biomedical, military and space satellite power applications. TEG of high power plants are mostly used in automobile and industrial engines. This paper discusses TEG as a renewable energy source. Here the TEG in the application is used in the thermoelectric generator power plant. The working principle of this thermoelectric generator is on the heat side of the TEG peltier which is coated in metal in the form of aluminum, which is heated by a heater. And the cold side of the TEG Peltier is placed on the heat sink (as a heat dissipation metal). Heatsinks are submerged in water which are submerged about half or more. If the temperature of the metal being heated and the temperature of heat dissipation metal have a certain difference, then the temperature difference causes TEG to start working. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the electrical energy produced will be. However, if the temperature difference is too large it will damage the bismuth semiconductor material used. After TEG starts working it will produce voltage and current.
A vision for permanents magnets PM standardisation activities continuous powder production.
The START project: Creating a
sustainable supply chain for green energy harvesting products by Powder Metallurgy
This paper addresses the irreversible permanent magnet (PM) demagnetization analysis of hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) with outer-rotor configuration. PM demagnetization cause the PM strength used in the motor significantly reduces and hence contributes less torque performance. The study is focused on thermal analysis and conducted at various temperature up to as high as 180 degrees Celsius which has a tendency to be demagnetized. Therefore, PM demagnetization is among a critical issue and influences the choice of the applied motor. The analysis is carried out based on finite element method (FEM) and percentage of PM demagnetization is then calculated. Finally, based on simulated and calculated results the final design outer-rotor HEFSM has only 0.85 percent PM demagnetization at very high temperature and obviously the is no PM demagnetization at normal operating conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Distinctive Analysis between Distributed and Centralized Power Generationpaperpublications3
Abstract: The role of Distributed Generation (DG) is ever increasingly being recognized as a supplement and an alternative to large conventional Centralized Generation (CG). Besides, there is also a debate regarding the genuine prospects of DG; always prevailed between industry stakeholders and other interest groups. Within the scope of this review, a comparative study of CG and DG has been presented. In this report, a broad spectrum of issues is being considered to depict the paradigm, drives, shortcomings and future challenges for CG and DG.
The Determination of Effects of Primary and Secondary Geometry of Tubular Lin...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, general information on the construction of tubular generators are given. Also, the numeric analyses were conducted by using 2D and 3D finite elements software. The output power, iron loss and cogging force change were compared by sensing the primary and secondary structural geometry of generator. Instead of the annular magnets, the magnets in the form of block were used mobile (secondary) part of generator. Also, analyses were conducted on the generator for two primary geometries.
Wind energy is playing a critical role in the establishment of an environmentally sustainable low carbon economy. This paper presents an overview of wind turbine generator technologies and compares their advantages and drawbacks used for wind energy utilization. Traditionally, DC machines, synchronous machines and squirrel-cage induction machines have been used for small scale power generation. For medium and large wind turbines (WTs), the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the dominant technology while permanent magnet (PM), switched reluctance and high temperature superconducting generators are all extensively researched and developed over the years. In this paper, the topologies and features of these machines are discussed with special attention given to their practical considerations involved in the design, control and operation. It is hoped that this paper provides quick reference guidelines for developing wind turbine generation systems.
European Copper Institute position on Transformers Regulation revision - Sept...fernando nuño
The EU Green Deal aims to establish a general reduction of final energy demand in the decades to come, combined with a shift towards electricity as the main energy carrier. Materialising this ambition will require further efforts to increase energy efficiency, notably in the electricity grid and its applications. In an electricity generation mix dominated by renewables, increasing the energy efficiency translates into savings of material and land use for generation infrastructure as well as for transmission and distribution networks.
Given the increasing share of electricity in final energy demand and its importance in heating and transport, transformers with an increased capacity at limited cost and with minimal size and weight are needed.
The circular economy is a key pillar of the EU Green Deal. The use of materials must be optimised, both by limiting their quantity and by improving their circularity (design-for-recycling).
Taking the above considerations into account, ECI recommends the following measures:
1) Strengthen Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) of transformers while introducing material efficiency requirements (MMPS). Given the need to further electrify the economy, while at the same time boosting energy efficiency; given the circular economy objectives and the fact that saved energy translates into a reduced need for electrical infrastructure; given the electricity price evolution in the past years and the recent reform of the electricity market design; we believe the minimum level of energy performance for transformers should be re-assessed, while at the same time making sure that the potential new Tier 3 requirements following from this assessment do not lead to an excessive use of materials. A preliminary modelling exercise points to 1.8 TWh/year of electricity savings and a reduction of 0.8 to 1.6 million tons of materials used if Tier 3 requirements were introduced for distribution transformers.
2) Allow flexibility in design. Together with the free choice of active materials, flexible design strategies should be permitted. These strategies create an additional degree of freedom in design, making it easier to respond to MEPS and MMPS requirements, They include approaches such as the Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) in distribution transformers and concepts such as the Sustainable Peak Load (SPL) transformer in less loaded networks.
3) Promote the lowest life cycle cost at system level. Allow transformer owners to make the best decision on the optimal transformer design considering both their expected load profiles and their additional investment costs in substation and cables. Operational costs should be fully considered in the decision-making process. In the case of regulated utilities, a harmonised approach should be implemented by National Regulatory Authorities to minimise net societal costs (lifetime capex + opex).
Similar to Simulations analysis with comparative study of a pmsg performances for small wt application by fem (20)
Commande par gradins d'un convertisseur multiniveau asymétrique à structure c...Mellah Hacene
Commande par gradins d'un convertisseur multiniveau asymétrique à structure cascade pour l'entraînement d'une machine asynchrone
Cet article consiste à étudier la commande des onduleurs multi-niveaux asymétrique appliquée à la conduite d’une machine asynchrone triphasée. On a étudié ce type d’onduleurs parce qu’il est susceptible de générer des tensions quasi sinusoïdale ayant un nombre de niveau impair largement qui peuvent atteindre entre 2K+1 et 3K niveaux (K: cellules à pont complet). L’utilisation de la structure multi-niveaux cascade afin d’améliorer beaucoup plus la qualité de tension de sortie sans augmenter à priori le nombre de cellules d’onduleurs à pont complet ainsi que cette structure est un intérêt certain car elle contient un nombre réduit d’interrupteurs en comparaison avec les autres. Pour l’entraînement à la vitesse variable pour cette machine, la commande vectorielle avec des correcteurs classiques est appliquée ensuite. Les résultats de simulation confirment la validité et l’efficacité de ce type d’onduleur.
Passivity Based Control for PV Applications by Using a Buck Power Converter
The use of power converters for everyday applications is becoming more and more important. Current technological applications simultaneously demand a high level of precision and performance, so DC-DC converters have a very important role in systems requiring energy level conversion and adaptation. As part of the work of this paper, we are interested in an analysis of modeling and control law synthesis approaches to ensure stability and a certain level of performance in the entire operating domain. The objective of our research work is therefore to propose a control law whose synthesis is based on a formalized (modeling & control) approach with a view to obtaining a control law adapted to the operating point. The principles used are based on the control and observation by the theory of passivity for the synthesis of control law of buck power converter for PV Applications.
Cascade forward neural network based on resilient backpropagation for simulta...Mellah Hacene
Cascade-Forward Neural Network Based on Resilient Backpropagation for Simultaneous Parameters and State Space Estimations of Brushed DC Machines
Advances in Modelling and Analysis B
Power transformer faults diagnosis using undestructive methods and ann for dg...Mellah Hacene
Power transformer faults diagnosis using undestructive methods (Roger and IEC) and artificial neural network for dissolved gas analysis applied on the functional transformer in the Algerian north-eastern: a comparative study
Bouchaoui Lahcene, Kamel Eddine Hemsas, Hacene Mellah, saad eddine benlahneche
Nowadays, power transformer aging and failures are viewed with great attention in power transmission industry. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is classified among the biggest widely used methods used within the context of asset management policy to detect the incipient faults in their earlier stage in power transformers. Up to now, several procedures have been employed for the lecture of DGA results. Among these useful means, we find Key Gases, Rogers Ratios, IEC Ratios, the historical technique less used today Doernenburg Ratios, the two types of Duval Pentagons methods, several versions of the Duval Triangles method and Logarithmic Nomograph. Problem. DGA data extracted from different units in service served to verify the ability and reliability of these methods in assessing the state of health of the power transformer. Aim. An improving the quality of diagnostics of electrical power transformer by artificial neural network tools based on two conventional methods in the case of a functional power transformer at Sétif province in East North of Algeria. Methodology. Design an inelegant tool for power transformer diagnosis using neural networks based on traditional methods IEC and Rogers, which allows to early detection faults, to increase the reliability, of the entire electrical energy system from transport to consumers and improve a continuity and quality of service. Results. The solution of the problem was carried out by using feed-forward back-propagation neural networks implemented in MATLAB-Simulink environment. Four real power transformers working under different environment and climate conditions such as: desert, humid, cold were taken into account. The practical results of the diagnosis of these power transformers by the DGA are presented. Practical value.....
Adaptive maximum power point tracking using neural networks for a photovoltai...Mellah Hacene
Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Neural Networks for a Photovoltaic Systems According Grid
Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, (5), 57–66, 2021. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2021.5.08
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM Mellah Hacene
Abstract
This paper deals with the construction of a mathematical model of a wind turbine, which is one of the sources in the Grid-Off
system.
Keywords: mathematical model, wind turbine, Grid-Off system, electric generator, wind conditions.
1 Introduction
As one of the power sources of the Grid-Off system is a wind turbine. It is advantageous to work with a
mathematical model for the need of experimental research. In Fig. 1 is a schematic connection of a wind turbine
to a container, which is a Grid-Off system. [1-4]
SIMULATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A WIND TURBINE Mellah Hacene
Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model of a wind turbine and its simulation. This is one of the main resources available to
the island system (Grid-Off system).
Keywords: wind turbine, island system, Grid-Off system, renewable energy source.
1 Introduction to wind turbine
A wind turbine is basically a converter, or in other words a device that transforms one type of energy into
another. In this case, it is the transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The source of mechanical energy is the flow (flow) of air, which acts on the turbine blades. The blades are
located on a shaft which is coupled to a permanent magnet (magnet). The magnets are a rotating part, which is
named the rotor. The stator consists of a coil (coils) of wound copper conductor. Due to the changing magnetic
field (PM - permanent magnets), an electrical voltage is induced at the terminals (terminals) of the coil / coils. In
essence, it is a synchronous generator, since the variable electric field is coupled (synchronized) with the speed
of the changing and magnetic fields. [1-5]
A schematic block diagram of a wind turbine as a synchronous generator is shown in Fig. 1.
Multiphysics Modeling of Induction Machines_Jd'12 presMellah Hacene
in this paper we interest to how we can validate simultaneously a thermal model and estimated variable of induction motor. This approach is possible by using special simulation package frequently exploited bout in university and industry. A simple description of each one of this famous software is presented.
According to our needs and means; I took a justified choice of the used software in this validation context. In this moment, I make
only the modeling of an induction machine without takes into account the heating effects. Same simulation results of induction
motor model by Maxwell software is given and commented.
4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.,Icee'12 Mellah Hacene
Compared with electrically excited machines, PMSG have a number of economical and technical advantages, so that they are becoming more attractive for direct-drive wind turbines, these advantages can be summarised as follows according to literatures:
Higher efficiency and energy yield,
No additional power supply for the magnet field excitation,
Improvement in the thermal characteristics of the pm machine due to the absence of the field losses,
Higher reliability due to the absence of mechanical components such as slip rings,
Lighter and therefore higher power to weight ratio.
7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 8- 10 October 2012, Ce...Mellah Hacene
There is now general acceptance that the burning of fossil fuel is having a significant influence on the global climate. Effective mitigation of climate change will require deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with UK estimates of a 60–80% cut being necessary by 2050.
Still purer with the nuclear power, this last leaves behind dangerous wastes for thousands of years and risks contamination of land, air, and water.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
2. 56 H. Mellah et al.: Simulations Analysis with Comparative Study of a PMSG Performances for
Small WT Application by FEM
stress and optimized power capture. Because of the variable
speed operation, the direct-drive PMSG systemcan produce
5–10% more energy than the fixed two-speed concept, or
10–15% more than the fixed single-speed concept[8].
Compared to a conventional, gearbox coupled WT
generator, directly coupled generators has a series of
advantages, such as a much reduced size of the overall
system, a rather low installation and maintenance cost,
flexible control method, quick response to the wind
fluctuation and load variations, etc. However, a directly
coupled generator needs to have a very low-speed operation
to match the WT speed and, at the same time, to produce
electricity in a normal frequency range (10-60 Hz)[7].
Compared with electrically excited machines, PMSG
have a number of economical and technical advantages, so
that they are becoming more attractive for direct-drive WTs,
these advantages can be summarised as follows according
to literatures[5–8]:
● higher efficiency and energy yield,
● no additional power supply for the magnet field
excitation,
● improvement in the thermal characteristics of the
PMM due to the absence of the field losses,
● higher reliability due to the absence of mechanical
components such as slip rings,
● lighter and therefore higher power to weight ratio.
However, PMMs have some disadvantages, which can be
summarised as follows:
● Relatively new and unknown technology for
applications in larger MW-range
● high cost of PM material,
● difficulties to handle in manufacture,
● Low material reliability in harsh atmospheric
conditions (offshore)
● demagnetisation of PM at high temperature.
On the other hand, in recent years, the use of PMs is
more attractive than before, because the performance of
PMs is improving and the cost of PM is decreasing[8].
Currently, Zephyros (currently Harakosan) and
Mitsubishi are using this concept in 2 MW WTs in the
market.
PMM are not standard off-the-shelf machines and they
allow a great deal of flexibility in their geometry, so that
various topologies may be used[8].
One can noticed two problems of PMSG used in wind
power. First is the inherent cogging torque due to magnet
materials naturally attractive force. This kind of torque is
bad for operation, especially stopping WT starting and
making noise and vibration in regular operation. The other
one is the risk of demagnetization because of fault
happening and overheating of magnets. This risk is very
dangerous and the cost for replacing bad magnets is much
higher than the generator itself[5].
3. PM Material Used in PMSG Design
The application requirement decides the type of PM
material used due to cost, size and weight. It is very
important to consider operating temperature range, weight
constraint, external demagnetizing field and space
limitation at design stage itself. Commercial type PMM
uses ceramic or polymer–bonded neodymium–iron boron
magnets[7].
The first known apparatus exploiting magnetism was a
magnetic compass, invented by the Chinese around 3000
BC. An important milestone in the research field of
magnetism was set in 1600 when William Gilbert published
his book “De Magnete”[9]. Fig. 2 shows the historical
development of the rare earth magnets.
In 1931 T. Mishima patented the first hard magnetic alloy,
based on aluminium, nickel and iron. This was the start of
the development of the PM family known as AlNiCo. In the
1950s, another PM family, known as ferrites, became
commercially available. The development of rare earth PM
materials started in the 1960’s with the Samarium-Cobalt
alloys. The material properties of SmCo5 and Sm2Co17
make these PM materials very suitable to be used in electric
motors and generators, but they are expensive due to the
rare raw material Cobalt[9].
Figure 2. Historical development of the rare earth magnets[9]
In 1983 is the most important development in PM used in
PMM it is the invention of the high-performance
Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd-Fe-B), since that, the
development of the PMSM has been fast, especially
low-speed and variable speed industrial applications[9], this
material has a very low Curie temperature and high
temperature sensitivity. It is often necessary to increase the
size of magnets to avoid demagnetization at high
temperatures and high currents[10], Recently, Nd-Fe-B
magnet material with remanence a flux density Br of 1.52 T
and a maximum energy product of 440 kJ/m3 was reported.
An Nd-Fe-B magnet material of this grade has become
commercially available since the year 2004.The best
Nd-Fe-B grades, capable of tolerating temperatures up to
200℃, have remanence flux densities of about 1.2 T and
have their maximum energy product of 300 kJ/m3 at a 20°C
temperature[9].
3. International Journal of Energy Engineering 2013, 3(2): 55-64 57
4. Methodology Design Used in PMSG
Software
Traditionally, the study and design of PMSGs is based on
the equivalent magnetic circuit method (EMCM). The
EMCM is of advantages of simplicity and fast computation,
but its disadvantage is also marked: it relies too much on
empirical design experience, such as flux leakage
coefficient, armature reaction factor, etc. Meanwhile, under
certain circumstances, EMCM is not competent for the
analysis and design of PMSGs. For example, EMCM
cannot be employed to study the cogging torque of PMSGs
with fractional stator slots[11]. Numerical methods, such as
finite-element analysis (FEA), have been extensively used
in study and design PMSGs[11-12], Furthermore, owing to
its precision and simplicity, the two-dimensional (2-D)
FEM has approximately dominated the FEM study of
PMSGs. By using FEM, many design curves and data, such
as the PMSGs’ output voltage, no-load leakage flux
coefficient, and cogging torque etc., can be obtained and
used to design PMSGs[11], In addition, many commercially
available computer-aided design (CAD) packages for PM
motor designs, such as SPEED, Rmxprt, and flux2D,
require the designer to choose the sizes of magnets. The
performance of the PM motor can be made satisfactory by
constantly adjusting the sizes of magnets and/or repeated
FEA analyses[12].
5. Simulation Results
The FEA model of electromagnetic field is built by
Maxwe1l2D, This simulation is obtained by Terra pc
(QuadroFX380, i7 CPU, 3.07 GHZ, 8 CPU, 4 G RAM), and
the simulation time is take some hours. Our model of
PMSG used in Maxwell environment has 2138 triangles.
Figure 3. Geometry and FE mesh of the half PMSG
5.1. Performance of PMSG at Different PM
The permanent-magnetic steel symbolized (XG196/96),
possesses residual flux density 0.96 Tesla, coercive force
690 kA/m, maximum magnetic energy product 183 kJ/m3,
and relative recoil magnetic permeability 1.0.[13].
Fig. 4 shows the AirGap power of the same PMSG in
different types PM, Ndfe35 is 7.5kW, XG almost 6KW,
ciramic8d 1KW, the bad is Alnico5 0,5 KW.
Table 1. PMPropriety Used inthis Simulation[13]
Coercive
force
Hc[ Am]
Residual flux
density
Br[T]
Maximum magnetic
energy product
BHmax[kJ/m3]
Alnico5 -640 1.27 5508
XG196/96 -690000 0.96 183
Ceramic8D -266585 0.4 30.637
NdFe35 -890000 1.23
Figure 4. Power vs angle degree at different PM
Fig. 5 compare the flux density distribution variation vs
electrical degree at different PM, when it is noted that
Ndfe35 gives the most important value of flux density, this
value is more than 0,8T.
Figure 5. Flux density distribution vs electrical degree at different PM
Figure 6. Inducedphase voltage vs electrical degree at different PM
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Power at different PM
Angle[deg]
Power[KW]
Alnico5
Ciramic8D
NdFe35
XG196/96
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
Flux Density at different PM
Electrical Degree[deg]
AirGapFluxDensity[mTesla]
Alnico5
Ciramic8D
NdFe35
XG196/96
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Induced Phase Voltage at different PM
Electrical Degree[deg]
InducedPhaseVoltage[V]
Alnico5
Ciramic8D
NdFe35
XG196/96
4. 58 H. Mellah et al.: Simulations Analysis with Comparative Study of a PMSG Performances for
Small WT Application by FEM
Fig. 6 illustrate the induced phase voltage vs electrical
degree of PMSG curves at different PM, it is seen that
NDF35 induce the most intense voltage ofvalue 236,2V, XG
provide 215,22V, Alnico5 and Ciramic8D give the same
Induced Phase Voltage 200V.
Figure 7. Coogingtorque vs electrical degree at different PM
Fig. 7 shows a comparison between the cogging torque vs
electrical degree at different PM, In this case, the NDF35
gives higher amplitude values for the cogging torque, the
order of amplitude values of cogging torque are XG,
Alnico5 and Ciramic8D respectively, but the curvatures are
similar.
Figure 8. One coil voltage vs electrical degree at different PM type
Fig. 8 shows the waveforms of the one coil voltage vs
electrical degree as a function of PM type, the NDF35 gives
higher amplitude values for the coil voltage, the order of
amplitude values of cogging torque is XG, Alnico5 and
Ciramic8D respectively, but the curvatures are similar.
5.2. Influence of Speed Variation in PMSG Performance
In this simulation case, the objective is to see the effect of
speed variation on the PMSGcharacteristics.
Fig. 9 shows the waveform of the one coil voltage vs
electrical degree as a function of rotor speed, we can say that
the relation between the rotor speed and one coil voltage is
proportional, but the curvatures are similar. Fig. 10 Illustrate
the efficiency vs rotor position angle at different rotor speed,
so that more than the rotor turns at a high speed the
efficiency increases in amplitude and broad in axis of the
angles.
Figure 9. One coil voltage vs electrical degree at different speed
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Cogging Torque at different PM
Electrical Degree [deg]
CoggingTorque[Nm]
Alnico5*20
Ciramic8D
NdFe35
XG196/96
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Coil Voltage at different PM
Electrical Degree [deg]
OneConductorVoltage[mV]
Alnico5
Ciramic8D
NdFe35
XG196/96
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Coil Voltage at different Speed
Electrical Degree [deg]
OneConductorVoltage[mV]
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1000
800
500
5. International Journal of Energy Engineering 2013, 3(2): 55-64 59
Figure 10. Efficiency vs angle degree at different speed
We can notice the influence of the rotational speed on the power in the figure 11, one can see clearly that the relation
between speed and the power is proportional, but the curvatures are similar, the maximum of power provided by PMSG is
7.8 KW corresponds at the speed 2000rpm, and the minimum equal to 2.69 KW corresponds at the speed 800rpm.
Figure 11. Power vs angle degree at different speed
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Efficiency at different Speed
Angle[deg]
Efficiency[%]
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1000
800
500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Power at different Speed
Angle[deg]
AirGapPower[KW]
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1000
800
500
6. 60 H. Mellah et al.: Simulations Analysis with Comparative Study of a PMSG Performances for
Small WT Application by FEM
Figure 12. Comparative results of influence of the speedon the power
Fig. 12 depicts three-dimensional representation in terms
of the power for our PMSG. The results show the power
become higher as the rotational speed increase.
Fig. 13 shows simultaneously the effect of rotor speed on
the power and the efficiency of PMSG, an increasing in rotor
speed of the PMSG which is turned by the turbine causes an
increasing in the power and the output at the same time.
5.3. Rotor Length
Fig. 14 illustrate simultaneously the power and the
efficiency vs rotor length, the power increases almost
linearly with the increasing of rotor length, but the efficiency
increases nonlinearly with the increasing of the rotor length
up to the value 60mm, because the active surface was
increased, practically the efficiency is constant between
60mm and 70mm, the efficiency decreases if the length of
the rotor is increased because the rotor is longer than the
stator, so more the losses additive.
5.4. Influence of pole-Number on PMSG Characteristics
Cogging torque is due to the non-uniformity of the airgap
reluctance due to slotting. It is independent of current
excitation and proportional to the square of the
flux-density[14], this is particularly important in wind
generators since it raises the cut-in wind speed, thereby
lowering the energy captured yield for a given installed
capacity. Pulsating torques also produces noise and
mechanical vibrations which accelerate the wear of the
machine and its support structure[14].
The simulation results of cogging torque for six PMSG
structures; when one varies only the number of poles by the
FEA are shown in figure 15, one can see clearly that the
number of poles influence directly the cogging torque in
pulsations and magnitudes.
The following figure show the effect of the number of
stator slots on cogging torque, according to our results one
can say that the increase in number of stator slots gives an
increase in amplitude of cogging torque, but does not change
its frequency as we can equally be observed.
Fig. 17 shows the efficiency as a function of electrical
degree and the number of poles, no variation of curvatures is
remarked, but a variation in amplitude is found, or the
efficiency increases by 76.9% to 86% for the increase in
number of poles from 2 to 10 respectively.
On the other hand the efficiency decreases if the number
of poles increases; the efficiency reached the value 84.8% if
the number of poles is 14.
The variation power of PMSG as a function of number of
poles and mechanical angle is showed in figure 18, it is
noticed that the wave form is similar, but one sees a power
peak of 7KW if our PMSG designed by 8 number of poles.
500
1000
1500
2000
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Speed
X: 2000
Y: 108
Z: 7.811
Andeg
Pow[KW]
7. International Journal of Energy Engineering 2013, 3(2): 55-64 61
Figure 13. Comparison results of the speedeffect on efficiency and power
Figure 14. Power and efficiency vs rotor length
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Speed
Power[KW]
Efficiency%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Lenght [mm]
Power[W]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
50
100
Power
Efficiency
%
8. 62 H. Mellah et al.: Simulations Analysis with Comparative Study of a PMSG Performances for
Small WT Application by FEM
Figure 15. Influence of number of poles on coggingtorque
Figure 16. Influence of number of stator slots on coggingtorque
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Cogging Torque at different pPn
Electrical Degree [deg]
CoggingTorque[mNm]
2P
4P
6P
8P
10P
14P
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Cogging Torque as function of Slot Number
Electrical Degree [deg]
CoogingTorque[mNm]
12-Slot
24-Slot
36-Slot
48-Slot
60-Slot
9. International Journal of Energy Engineering 2013, 3(2): 55-64 63
Figure 17. A comparative curve of PMSG efficiency's as a function of number of stator pair poles and rotor electrical degree
Figure 18. A comparative curve of PMSG power's as a function of number of stator pair poles and rotor electrical degree
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
1
2
3
4
5
7
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ang [deg]
Pow[KW]
Effi%
0
50
100
150
200
1
2
3
4
5
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ang[deg]
p
Power[KW]
10. 64 H. Mellah et al.: Simulations Analysis with Comparative Study of a PMSG Performances for
Small WT Application by FEM
6. Conclusions
Numerical analysis of magnetic field, e.g. FEA, can take
into account the detailed structure and dimensions of the
machine and the nonlinearity of the ferromagnetic materials,
and hence can accurately compute the machine parameters
and performances.
The type of PM used in the design of PMSG masters the
majority of performances; it was found that among the PMs
used the best performance is given by NDFE. It was found
that the rotor speed influences proportionally on the power
and the efficiency. The efficiency and power increase with
the increasing of rotor length, but the efficiency decreases
with the increasing of the rotor length, if it is bigger than the
stator length, therefore its optimal value is 65mm.
According to showed results, the magnitude of the
PMSG’s cogging torque is affected by number of poles and
number of stator slots, but the frequency of the PMSG’s
cogging torque is affected only by the number of stator slots,
the optimal value of the number of poles and number of
stator slots which guaranteed simultaneously these
performances is 4 and 24 respectively.
FEM has proved to be a competent and valuable tool to
study and design of PMSGs used in small wind power
generation systems. The analysis results help to improve the
generator design aspects.
REFERENCES
[1] A. Olimpo, J. Nick, E. Janaka, C. Phill and H Mike,Wind
Energy Generation Modelling and Control, John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd 2009.
[2] I. Woofenden, wind power for dummies, Wiley Publishing,
2009.
[3] A. Petersson, Analysis, Modeling and Control of Doubly-Fed
Induction Generators for Wind Turbines, PhD thesis,
Chalmers university of technology, GÖteborg, Sweden 2005.
[4] M. O. L. Hansen, Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, Second
edition published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2008
[5] H. Li1, Z. Chen, H. Polinder, research report on models for
numerical evaluation of variable speed different wind
generator systems, Integrating and strengthening the
European Research Area, 2002-2006.
[6] Z. Fang, Permanent magnet machine topologies for wind
power generation, University of Sheffield, 2010.
[7] İ. Tarımer, C. Ocak, Performance Comparison of Internal and
External Rotor Structured Wind Generators Mounted From
Same Permanent Magnets on Same Geometry, Electronics
And Electrical Engineering, Sins 1392 – 1215 2009.
[8] H. Li, Z. Chen, Overview of different wind generator systems
and their comparisons, Renewable Power Generation, IET
2007.
[9] A. Parviainen, Design of axial-flux permanent-magnet
low-speed machines and performance comparison between
radial-flux and axial-flux machines, Lappeenrannan
teknillinen yliopisto, Lappeenranta University of Technology,
2005.
[10] M. Haavisto, H. Kankaapaa, and M. Paju, Estimation of
Time-Dependent Polarization Losses in Sintered Nd-Fe-B
Permanent, IEEE transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 1,
January 2011.
[11] Z. guo, L. chang, FEM Study on Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generators for Small Wind Turbines, IEEE
2005.
[12] H. Mellah, K.E Hemsas, Dynamic design and simulation
analysis of permanent magnet motor in different scenario of
fed alimentation, conference international on automatique
and mécatronique novembre22 -23, 2011, usto, Oran, Algeria,
2011.
[13] Help of Ansoft Maxwell V12®, Ansoft Corporation 2010.
[14] J. G. Wanjiku, H. Jagau, M. A. Khan, and P. S. Barendse,
Minimization of Cogging Torque in a Small Axial-Flux
PMSG with a Parallel-teeth Stator, IEEE 2011.