Natural history of disease is a very important concept in Community Medicine. I had prepared this presentation in a very short duration for my class presentaton. There is not a lot of text in the presentation but there is a really good collection of images.
Uploading it in the hope that atleast someone out there will find it useful.
Natural history of disease is a very important concept in Community Medicine. I had prepared this presentation in a very short duration for my class presentaton. There is not a lot of text in the presentation but there is a really good collection of images.
Uploading it in the hope that atleast someone out there will find it useful.
“The Experimental Child”: Child, Family & Community Impacts of the Coronaviru...Université de Montréal
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health NursingSANJAY SIR
it is uploaded to help medics, paramedics and nursing educators to teach their students about dynamic of disease. it also help to create awareness in general people about it.
Epidemiology of H5:N1 infections in India: Trends of disease, spatial and tem...Bhoj Raj Singh
Avian influenza is an age old disease but haunting in a big way decade after decade due to it ability to renew its artillery and amunations through continuous interactions with fellow viruses. Interaction, collaboration and exchange always yield.
“The Experimental Child”: Child, Family & Community Impacts of the Coronaviru...Université de Montréal
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health NursingSANJAY SIR
it is uploaded to help medics, paramedics and nursing educators to teach their students about dynamic of disease. it also help to create awareness in general people about it.
Epidemiology of H5:N1 infections in India: Trends of disease, spatial and tem...Bhoj Raj Singh
Avian influenza is an age old disease but haunting in a big way decade after decade due to it ability to renew its artillery and amunations through continuous interactions with fellow viruses. Interaction, collaboration and exchange always yield.
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Erad...Sarath
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Eradication.
Contains Videos in two slides. So try using Power Point 2010.
My email : doc.sarathrs@gmail.com
Interventions to address deaths from childhood Pneumonia and Diarrhoea equita...WaterAid
Prof. Zulfiqar A Bhutta: Interventions to address deaths from childhood Pneumonia and Diarrhoea equitably: what works and at what cost?
Professor & Founding Chair,
The Aga Khan University
As presented at Launch of The Lancet Series on Childhood Pneumonia and Diarrhoea, at the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health - 12 April 2013
In support of the UNICEF & WHO Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea
View the film accompanying the presentation at:
www.wateraid.org/news/news/global-action-plan-for-pneumonia-and-diarrhoea
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences
Rift Valley fever virus seroprevalence among ruminants and humans in northeas...ILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Ian Njeru, Joan Karanja, Delia Grace and Bernard Bett at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Napa County Public Health is holding a tabletop exercise on 10/28/13 to discuss the response to an e. Coli outbreak. This is in conjunction with the CA Dept of Public Health and anticipation of the upcoming statewide functional exercise. Slides prepared by The Abaris Group
Significance wash as a sector of humanitarian response 1
1. Significance WASH as a sector of
humanitarian response and linkages
with other sectors.
2. Session Objectives
• Overview of Public Health in emergencies.
• Significance of WASH as a sector of disaster
response.
• Know the Six elements of WASH intervention
in disaster response
• Linkage of WASH with other sectors
4. Epidemiological Triad:
HOST
Age
genetic susceptibility
nutritional status
previous exposure
immunization status
general physical condition
ENVIRONMENT
shelter
altitude
AGENT
Vector humidity
Bacteria
sanitation
Viruses
food supply
parasites
water supply
temperature
overcrowding
essential services
5. Basics of Epidemiology
Epidemiology: Study of Endemic:
distribution and determinants
• The continuing presence
of diseases & health related
events and application of this of disease within a given
knowledge for prevention and geographical area or
control of diseases. population groups
Pandemic Epidemic
• Spread through human • Occurrence of an illness or
populations across a large injury clearly in excess of
region; for instance multiple normal expectancy
continents, or even
worldwide.
19 December 2012 5
5
6. Mortality & Morbidity patterns in post-
disaster scenarios
Joundice,
Causes of death for children <5 in one Infections, 1,861
117,269
of the refugee camp in emergency
ARI,
50,957
Diarrhoea,
405,081
Dysentery,
115,999
7. Impact of disasters on Public health
• Every Emergency is a (Public) Health Emergency,
if it is not then it has potential to.
• Disasters almost always have significant impact
on the health and well-being of affected men,
women and children.
• The main killers are often diarrhoeal disease,
measles, and acute respiratory infections.
9. Group Exercise
• List down the causes, symptoms and any
other information you may get on the
disease.
• List interventions required to control the
disease.
You may use available
literature/books
10. 6 elements of WASH interventions
Water Excreta Vector Solid waste Hygiene
Drainage
Supply Disposal Control Management Behaviour
11. WASH Linkages
• Water is life - without water, we will dehydrate & die
• Hygiene is difficult without water, increasing likelihood of
diarrhoeal diseases
Health PLWHA may have increased WASH needs
• Children who are malnourished are more susceptible to
Nutrition •
diarrhoea
People with diarrhoea cannot absorb the food they eat and
hence are more likely to become malnourished
Efficient logistics are essential for effective WASH
Logistics programmes in emergencies – value your logistician!
The siting of shelter and WASH facilities need to be
Shelter coordinated effectively to enable equitable use and access
Poorly sited WASH facilities, can lead to increased
Protection vulnerability and attacks on women or children including
rape
Good WASH services at community level aids early
Early Recovery recovery
Editor's Notes
Define the term Emergency - “…a situation which threatens the lives and well being of large numbers of a population and in which extraordinary action is required to ensure their survival, care and protection.” -UNICEF3 factors to determine if it is an emergency or not?Follows a disaster…..1. Large numbers of a population at risk2. Demands exceptional measures3. Needs Immediate action------------------------------------------------------While debrief, explain each above points in detail. Explain what is health systems and Essential health services (refer to page no. 290 of Sphere handbook 2011 for more detail). Note: the facilitators need not ask participants to refer to Sphere. How ever all the relevant points related to health systems and essential health services can be written on the flip chart well in advance and can be shown to the participants. -------------------------------------------------------Impact of the flooding on health services and health indicatorsThe annual flooding has a direct and indirect impact on the health services and consequently the health indicators. Due to the flooding the services are disrupted mainly for two reasons. Access becomes difficult. Displaced persons become no man’s land as geographical and revenue boundaries interfere with jurisdiction conflicts. The service providers are displaced and are also the victims of floods. The other regions which are not affected by floods are affected indirectly- as the human and other resources are diverted to the flood affected areas for the provision of critical services. The existing inadequate infrastructure and resources are stretched beyond their ability to provide services resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. In the long run, due to repeated flooding the area is not invested upon and thus suffers from more backwardness and poor health indicators. The health indicators become poorer on account of the following factors: 1. Acute loss of life in the early period,2. Onset of public health emergencies (epidemics, poor sanitation) leading to increase in morbidity than the acute loss,3. Aggravate malnutrition following the floods and loss of livelihood leading to more mortality.