This document discusses signals and their applications. It defines a signal as a physical quantity that varies with time, space, or other variables. Signals can be represented mathematically, making them deterministic, or not, making them random. Some applications of signals discussed include signal generators for testing electronic devices, radio frequency generators for mobile phone development and testing, data storage signals like audio and video recordings, and pulse generators for industrial and medical equipment. In conclusion, the document acknowledges the electronics faculty for their support and guidance in learning about this topic.

1. SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
NAME : DEBAYAN SARKAR (LATERAL)
YEAR : SECOND SEM : THIRD
ROLL :
SUB : APPLICATIONS OF
SIGNALS(CA-1)
PAPER : SIGNALS & SYSTEMS
CODE : EC 303

2. WHAT IS
SIGNAL ?
A signal is defined as a physcial
quantity that varies with time,space
or any independent variables .
SIGNAL MODELING
The representation of a signal by
mathematical expression is known as
signal modeling . If a signal can be
represented by mathematical
equation then the signal is said to be
deterministic signal.
Otherwise the signal is known as
random signal.

3. APPLICATION
OF
SIGNAL ?
A signal generator is a device that generates signals in a laboratory environment. It can troubleshoot or
test electronic devices to create a repeating or nonrepeating electronic alert
The different applications of signal in real world are as follow :
1. Standard Signal Generators: Standard signal generators are one of the most typical classifications of signal
generators that help produce repetitive and non-repetitive waveforms across different shapes and amplitudes.
2.Radio frequency generator : A radio frequency (RF) signal generator is an electronic device that generates
electromagnetic signals in the RF (radio frequency) portion of the spectrum. RF signal generators are helpful in
terms of testing and troubleshooting purposes, especially in the development stages of consumer electronics
devices . such as mobile phones. RF signal generators have two primary uses: Generating a carrier signal for
electronics testing and Calibration of a source of modulated RF signals for electronic component failure analysis.

4. 3. Data storage At times : We wish to communicate via signals that do not require real-time transmission.
Such signals are designed to be efficiently and reliably stored until they are needed. Ondemand
communications signals include audio and video recordings, electronic textbooks, photographs, web pages,
banking records, etc.
4. Pulse Generators : A pulse generator is a compact electronic device that generates voltage, current, or
power pulses. Pulse generators are valuable in testing and measurement instruments and industrial control
applications such as switching appliances on and off under program control. Pulse Generators are sound in
industrial, scientific, and medical areas to provide a clean and precise source of electronic pulses. Pulse
generators use a clock signal or some other source of periodic timing to generate a train of identical pulses.
These pulses occur by an external event, such as pressing a button or turning on a light switch. These
devices are helpful in medical equipment to measure heart rates and other vital functions. Signals has
illustrated some of the more important points of SI engineering to promote the notion that today's SI
engineers need innovative thinking if they are to keep pace with the digital bandwidth race. Increasing a
system's operating rate is not simply a matter of designing a faster clock. As frequency increases, simulation
issues become complex, and PCB traces on a circuit board become significantly more complicated. As
frequencies increase, the trace begins to act like a capacitor. At the highest frequencies, trace inductance
plays a larger role. All of these characteristics can adversely affect signal integrity. At today's clock
frequencies, which are in the hundreds of megahertz and above, every design detail is important. Catching
problems early and minimizing rework enables a new product to reach its market on time. History has
shown that in the highly competitive embedded systems marketplace, the majority of profits go to the
product that is first to market and that delivers premium performance.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• I would like to express my gratitude to all
my electronics faculties for providing
support and guidance. I got to learn a lot
more about this topic ,which will be very
helpful for me in near future.