The document describes improvements in plant performance achieved through laser-based combustion optimization at a 660 MW power plant in China. Key results include:
1. Centering the fireball for more uniform heat transfer and reduced slagging through controlling secondary auxiliary air dampers.
2. Balancing oxygen distribution across the furnace to improve combustion by controlling SOFA dampers.
3. Achieving uniform combustion through secondary boundary air damper control based on temperature, oxygen, and carbon monoxide measurements.
4. Automatically reducing excess oxygen levels according to combustion conditions, improving efficiency by reducing flue gas and heat losses. Laser measurements verified more centered fireballs and balanced oxygen distribution with optimization controls in place.
The document discusses the development of an operator training simulator (OTS) that integrates a combustion optimization system (COS) for a power plant. Key points:
- The OTS includes detailed models of the plant's systems and processes to simulate its operation. It is integrated with an emulation of the plant's distributed control system.
- The OTS allows training operators and testing design changes without impacting the real plant. It was used to integrate the COS and test its interface and impact on plant performance.
- By applying the OTS, the COS interface and graphics were designed and tested before being implemented at the actual plant, reducing operational concerns during rollout.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on improving the performance of an air conditioning system by using a matrix heat exchanger. The study found that adding a matrix heat exchanger between the condenser and expansion valve improved the system's coefficient of performance (COP) and reduced power consumption compared to the standard vapor compression cycle without a heat exchanger. Specifically, the system using the matrix heat exchanger saw a 33.84% reduction in energy consumption and higher COP at different cooling loads compared to the standard system. The results indicate that integrating a matrix heat exchanger enhances the efficiency of an air conditioning system.
PRESENTATION-Commissioning Experiences on Ammonia and Urea projects- Independ...Mumin HACIMUSALAR
This document provides an overview of the author's experience commissioning six ammonia and urea plants between 2002-2014 in various countries. It summarizes the key milestones and timelines for pre-commissioning and commissioning each plant. The time from start of pre-commissioning to first urea production ranged from 8 to 19 months. Most projects experienced delays, with the delay period ranging from 2 to 17 months compared to original targets. Factors contributing to delays included issues providing natural gas and obtaining necessary permits.
The document provides specifications for air source heat pump systems from Ecotec Heat Pumps Ltd. It outlines the objectives of exploiting renewable energy from the air to provide low-carbon heating and hot water. It describes the key components of an air source heat pump system including the heat pump unit, buffer tanks, pumps and controls. It provides detailed performance specifications for design, installation, testing and commissioning. The warranty and scope of work are also summarized.
This document provides a summary of gas turbine technology, including its applications, design, performance characteristics, costs, emissions, and emissions controls. Gas turbines can be used for power generation or combined heat and power applications. They have efficiencies around 40% for simple-cycle power generation and up to 60% for combined-cycle plants. Gas turbines emit low levels of NOx and CO2 compared to other fossil fuel technologies.
1) The document discusses return line failure in hydraulic steering systems due to changes in hydraulic fluid properties with operating conditions.
2) It aims to analyze the causes of return line failure and fluid property changes, and suggest prevention methods.
3) Tests were conducted on a Fiat Palio steering system to understand the relationship between temperature rise in the fluid and system failure. The temperature rise was found to increase with steering load and decrease with better quality fluid.
This document discusses a proposed vertical farming system that integrates three technologies - Tesla Powerpacks, Thermenex temperature control system, and Climate Manager sensors - to improve upon an existing vertical farm system. The proposed system is estimated to have a total operating cost of $11,165, setup cost of $8,060,517, and production capacity of 650 tons per year of leafy greens using a 54,000 square foot facility. Testing of the proposed system would involve analytical modeling, building a smaller scaled prototype, and validating that performance meets requirements for key metrics like production capacity, energy consumption, and profitability.
This document discusses performance assessment of cogeneration plants with gas and steam turbines. It outlines procedures for measuring heat rate and efficiency, including collecting steam and power output data during testing. An example calculation is provided for a small cogeneration plant producing 100kW of power from a back pressure turbine using 5.1 tonnes/hour of steam. The turbine efficiency is calculated as 34% and the overall plant efficiency is 30.6%. Questions are also provided regarding turbine heat rate, cylinder efficiency, parameters for efficiency evaluation, and the need for performance assessment.
The document discusses the development of an operator training simulator (OTS) that integrates a combustion optimization system (COS) for a power plant. Key points:
- The OTS includes detailed models of the plant's systems and processes to simulate its operation. It is integrated with an emulation of the plant's distributed control system.
- The OTS allows training operators and testing design changes without impacting the real plant. It was used to integrate the COS and test its interface and impact on plant performance.
- By applying the OTS, the COS interface and graphics were designed and tested before being implemented at the actual plant, reducing operational concerns during rollout.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on improving the performance of an air conditioning system by using a matrix heat exchanger. The study found that adding a matrix heat exchanger between the condenser and expansion valve improved the system's coefficient of performance (COP) and reduced power consumption compared to the standard vapor compression cycle without a heat exchanger. Specifically, the system using the matrix heat exchanger saw a 33.84% reduction in energy consumption and higher COP at different cooling loads compared to the standard system. The results indicate that integrating a matrix heat exchanger enhances the efficiency of an air conditioning system.
PRESENTATION-Commissioning Experiences on Ammonia and Urea projects- Independ...Mumin HACIMUSALAR
This document provides an overview of the author's experience commissioning six ammonia and urea plants between 2002-2014 in various countries. It summarizes the key milestones and timelines for pre-commissioning and commissioning each plant. The time from start of pre-commissioning to first urea production ranged from 8 to 19 months. Most projects experienced delays, with the delay period ranging from 2 to 17 months compared to original targets. Factors contributing to delays included issues providing natural gas and obtaining necessary permits.
The document provides specifications for air source heat pump systems from Ecotec Heat Pumps Ltd. It outlines the objectives of exploiting renewable energy from the air to provide low-carbon heating and hot water. It describes the key components of an air source heat pump system including the heat pump unit, buffer tanks, pumps and controls. It provides detailed performance specifications for design, installation, testing and commissioning. The warranty and scope of work are also summarized.
This document provides a summary of gas turbine technology, including its applications, design, performance characteristics, costs, emissions, and emissions controls. Gas turbines can be used for power generation or combined heat and power applications. They have efficiencies around 40% for simple-cycle power generation and up to 60% for combined-cycle plants. Gas turbines emit low levels of NOx and CO2 compared to other fossil fuel technologies.
1) The document discusses return line failure in hydraulic steering systems due to changes in hydraulic fluid properties with operating conditions.
2) It aims to analyze the causes of return line failure and fluid property changes, and suggest prevention methods.
3) Tests were conducted on a Fiat Palio steering system to understand the relationship between temperature rise in the fluid and system failure. The temperature rise was found to increase with steering load and decrease with better quality fluid.
This document discusses a proposed vertical farming system that integrates three technologies - Tesla Powerpacks, Thermenex temperature control system, and Climate Manager sensors - to improve upon an existing vertical farm system. The proposed system is estimated to have a total operating cost of $11,165, setup cost of $8,060,517, and production capacity of 650 tons per year of leafy greens using a 54,000 square foot facility. Testing of the proposed system would involve analytical modeling, building a smaller scaled prototype, and validating that performance meets requirements for key metrics like production capacity, energy consumption, and profitability.
This document discusses performance assessment of cogeneration plants with gas and steam turbines. It outlines procedures for measuring heat rate and efficiency, including collecting steam and power output data during testing. An example calculation is provided for a small cogeneration plant producing 100kW of power from a back pressure turbine using 5.1 tonnes/hour of steam. The turbine efficiency is calculated as 34% and the overall plant efficiency is 30.6%. Questions are also provided regarding turbine heat rate, cylinder efficiency, parameters for efficiency evaluation, and the need for performance assessment.
GMR Warora Energy monitors boiler performance using online and offline tools to identify losses and improve efficiency. Key performance indicators like dry flue gas loss and unburnt carbon are tracked. Corrective actions include optimizing excess air, mill performance, air preheater cleaning, and chemical treatment. This approach helps reduce fuel costs and improve availability. Monitoring tools help detect issues and 1% increased efficiency saves $82 million annually for a 600 MW plant.
Ammonia Fuel Opportunities Markets Issues TSW october 2015 updateSteve Wittrig
This document discusses the potential opportunities and markets for using ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel. Some key points:
- Ammonia can be produced from renewable or nuclear energy with carbon capture and used as a transportation fuel or for power generation.
- Technologies for using ammonia in diesel engines and gas turbines are proven but need further optimization for commercialization.
- Areas like Alaska, Hawaii, the Midwest, and Japan represent potential early markets by displacing diesel and LNG with ammonia.
- "Neighborhood energy stations" refueling local generators could provide power and heating for urban and commercial areas.
- Initial market demonstration at 1-10MW scale in engines and boilers
This document summarizes the conversion of a fossil fuel power station in Minnesota to burn biomass instead of coal. The power station originally had boilers from the 1950s that were modified in 1985 to burn a mixture of wood and coal. However, the plant was unable to reliably achieve high biomass firing rates due to issues like high ash carryover. An engineering company evaluated the plant and recommended upgrades to the combustion system, ash collection system, economizer, and air heater. Modeling showed the upgraded system improved burnout and lowered temperatures. After implementing upgrades, the plant could burn 78% biomass and saw benefits like reduced emissions and increased efficiency.
A furnace convection section model was developed to analyze why furnaces at an ethylene plant were underutilized. Analysis of furnace operation history and an on-site model validated with plant data identified that throughput was limited by high metal temperatures in the convection section. A test run using the model increased furnace throughput by 20% and identified bottlenecks. Recommendations to introduce steam flow helped control temperatures and further increase capacity.
The presentation discusses the various factors which affect the performance of Power Boilers including the quality of coal, airheater performance, air ingress etc.
IRJET- Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Air Conditioner System ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance evaluation of an aqua-ammonia air conditioning system for automobiles that uses waste exhaust heat from the vehicle engine. The study examines how the generator and absorption refrigeration system can utilize the available waste heat. Results found that the cooling capacity was affected by the ammonia concentration and provided acceptable cooling between 1-1.5 tons. The coefficient of performance was highest at higher generator and evaporator temperatures but decreased with increasing condenser and absorber temperatures. Overall, the study shows that an aqua-ammonia vapor absorption system has the potential to provide air conditioning for vehicles using only waste exhaust heat from the engine.
This document discusses key topics related to optimizing ammonia plant performance:
1) Carbon formation in primary reformers can be minimized by maintaining proper steam-to-carbon ratios and avoiding temperature excursions. Tube wall temperatures, pressure drop, and methane approach to equilibrium should be monitored.
2) Flow distribution in catalytic reactors is important to ensure proper catalyst utilization. Poor distribution can increase costs by reducing conversion efficiency.
3) Operational upsets and transient conditions like startups and shutdowns can lead to carbon formation if not carefully controlled. Sulfur poisoning from even small amounts in feed can significantly impact temperatures.
The document discusses Aspen Plus and its physical property methods. It covers topics such as component specification, property methods, property sets, analysis tools, data regression, property estimation, and applications. Property methods include ideal, activity, equation of state, and special models. Parameters include pure component and binary interaction parameters. The document provides an overview of using Aspen Plus to model physical properties of pure components, binary mixtures, and more complex systems.
GE Renewable Energy has invested over $2 billion since 2002 to develop next-generation wind turbine technology. Their 3MW platform provides more power and efficiency through components scaled up from 2.5MW models. The 3MW platform includes the 3.4-137 turbine, which can achieve up to 24% higher output than GE's 2.75-120 turbine. Through integrated big data and software tools, the 3MW platform and Digital Wind Farm capabilities allow customers to better manage wind power on the grid.
OPTIMIZATION OF A TURBINE USED IN COAL FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANTS BASED ON IN...ijmech
The purpose of current study is to analyze the effect of inlet steam temperature coming from the boiler on
thermoeconomic performance of a steam turbine used in a coal fired thermal power plant. Second law of
thermodynamics is used to develop the thermoeconomic model for the turbine. Analyses based on exergetic
and exergoeconomic criteria are done for the turbine used in a 210 MW power plant. Methodology is
explained with the help of an example. Effect of inlet steam temperature on the exergetic efficiency of the
turbine, unit product cost of turbine and unit product boiler has been shown. Optimization has been done
for the turbine as a trade off between the unit product cost of inlet steam from the boiler and unit product
cost of the turbine.
This document provides an overview of steam systems used in industry. It discusses why steam is commonly used in industrial processes, describing steam's advantages over other energy forms. It then outlines the basic components and operation of steam systems, dividing them into four parts: generation, distribution, end use, recovery. The document aims to introduce readers to steam systems and identify opportunities to improve performance and lower costs.
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
Training manual on energy efficiency for SMEsD.Pawan Kumar
The document provides a training manual on energy efficiency opportunities for small and medium enterprises. It discusses various industrial energy systems including fuels and combustion, boilers, steam distribution, furnaces, electrical load management, motors, pumps, fans, compressed air, refrigeration, and green building concepts. The manual aims to help users identify and implement energy efficiency measures across key energy intensive systems commonly found in industrial facilities.
The document discusses air/fuel ratio control in combustion engines. It defines key combustion terminology like stoichiometric ratio and explains the importance of controlling the air/fuel ratio for efficiency and emissions. Different methods for controlling air/fuel ratio are presented, including inspirators, mechanically-linked valves, electronically-linked valves, and fully metered mass flow control. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided. Throttle valves, air management valves, and electronic throttle actuators are also described.
This document provides an overview of improving steam boiler operating efficiency. It discusses boiler classification and types, including fire-tube boilers, water-tube boilers, and biomass fuel boilers. It covers combustion principles, boiler efficiency calculations, factors affecting efficiency like excess air and heat losses, and methods to reduce losses like improving excess air control and heat recovery. The document also discusses instrumentation and controls, water treatment, performance monitoring, and environmental pollution aspects of boiler operation.
Experimental Analysis of Fuel Produced from Automotive Waste Lube OilIRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that analyzed the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of pyrolysis fuel produced from waste automotive oil and diesel. The pyrolysis fuel was produced through microwave pyrolysis, which thermally cracks waste oil into smaller hydrocarbon chains. Various blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% pyrolysis fuel with diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend ratios due to higher brake specific fuel consumption. Emissions of NOx and CO increased with pyrolysis fuel blends compared to diesel alone.
The document provides an overview of the Jet Propulsion Library, which contains components and models for simulating jet engines. The library includes extensive subsystems and thermodynamic cycles, steady state and dynamic capabilities, heat exchanger models, and interfaces to other physical domains. It supports modeling of various jet engine types and applications like flight envelope studies. The latest release added a geared turbofan example and models for variable geometry and natural gas applications.
This document discusses increasing energy efficiency and reducing emissions from coal-fired power plants. It summarizes previous work analyzing plant performance patterns and efficiency attributes. Several clear patterns were identified showing potential efficiency improvements of up to 3% from optimization. Additional gains may be possible from the plant generator. A research proposal is presented to analyze a utility's database to identify performance clusters, limiting factors, and improvement opportunities specific to their boilers. The utility would receive a benchmark and list of efficiency measures, along with a final report of the analysis.
The Modelica Fuel Cell Library (FCL) is used to model, simulate, analyze and control fuel cell design and operation, especially for PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) and SOFC (Solid Oxide) fuel cell systems.
It contains the essential components needed to research, design and configure fuel cell systems, including components, subsystems, templates and media.
Escape 24 biomass power plant with integrated drying-effective utilization of...Tesfaldet Gebregerges
This document describes integrating biomass drying into a biomass power plant to improve efficiency. It analyzes a base case power plant and three drying options: a hot air dryer, a two-stage hot air and steam dryer, and a flue gas dryer. The two-stage dryer using low pressure steam achieved the highest efficiency of 29.92% with a dried biomass feed of 31,576 kg/hr and final moisture content of 4.5%. Integrating drying recovers waste heat and increases the overall plant efficiency compared to the base case.
This document appears to be a quiz about transportation topics related to Portland, Oregon. It consists of 10 multiple choice or short answer questions across 3 rounds. The questions cover topics like bike share programs, public transit projects, transportation advocates and organizations in Portland, and past events related to sustainable transportation.
GMR Warora Energy monitors boiler performance using online and offline tools to identify losses and improve efficiency. Key performance indicators like dry flue gas loss and unburnt carbon are tracked. Corrective actions include optimizing excess air, mill performance, air preheater cleaning, and chemical treatment. This approach helps reduce fuel costs and improve availability. Monitoring tools help detect issues and 1% increased efficiency saves $82 million annually for a 600 MW plant.
Ammonia Fuel Opportunities Markets Issues TSW october 2015 updateSteve Wittrig
This document discusses the potential opportunities and markets for using ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel. Some key points:
- Ammonia can be produced from renewable or nuclear energy with carbon capture and used as a transportation fuel or for power generation.
- Technologies for using ammonia in diesel engines and gas turbines are proven but need further optimization for commercialization.
- Areas like Alaska, Hawaii, the Midwest, and Japan represent potential early markets by displacing diesel and LNG with ammonia.
- "Neighborhood energy stations" refueling local generators could provide power and heating for urban and commercial areas.
- Initial market demonstration at 1-10MW scale in engines and boilers
This document summarizes the conversion of a fossil fuel power station in Minnesota to burn biomass instead of coal. The power station originally had boilers from the 1950s that were modified in 1985 to burn a mixture of wood and coal. However, the plant was unable to reliably achieve high biomass firing rates due to issues like high ash carryover. An engineering company evaluated the plant and recommended upgrades to the combustion system, ash collection system, economizer, and air heater. Modeling showed the upgraded system improved burnout and lowered temperatures. After implementing upgrades, the plant could burn 78% biomass and saw benefits like reduced emissions and increased efficiency.
A furnace convection section model was developed to analyze why furnaces at an ethylene plant were underutilized. Analysis of furnace operation history and an on-site model validated with plant data identified that throughput was limited by high metal temperatures in the convection section. A test run using the model increased furnace throughput by 20% and identified bottlenecks. Recommendations to introduce steam flow helped control temperatures and further increase capacity.
The presentation discusses the various factors which affect the performance of Power Boilers including the quality of coal, airheater performance, air ingress etc.
IRJET- Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Air Conditioner System ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance evaluation of an aqua-ammonia air conditioning system for automobiles that uses waste exhaust heat from the vehicle engine. The study examines how the generator and absorption refrigeration system can utilize the available waste heat. Results found that the cooling capacity was affected by the ammonia concentration and provided acceptable cooling between 1-1.5 tons. The coefficient of performance was highest at higher generator and evaporator temperatures but decreased with increasing condenser and absorber temperatures. Overall, the study shows that an aqua-ammonia vapor absorption system has the potential to provide air conditioning for vehicles using only waste exhaust heat from the engine.
This document discusses key topics related to optimizing ammonia plant performance:
1) Carbon formation in primary reformers can be minimized by maintaining proper steam-to-carbon ratios and avoiding temperature excursions. Tube wall temperatures, pressure drop, and methane approach to equilibrium should be monitored.
2) Flow distribution in catalytic reactors is important to ensure proper catalyst utilization. Poor distribution can increase costs by reducing conversion efficiency.
3) Operational upsets and transient conditions like startups and shutdowns can lead to carbon formation if not carefully controlled. Sulfur poisoning from even small amounts in feed can significantly impact temperatures.
The document discusses Aspen Plus and its physical property methods. It covers topics such as component specification, property methods, property sets, analysis tools, data regression, property estimation, and applications. Property methods include ideal, activity, equation of state, and special models. Parameters include pure component and binary interaction parameters. The document provides an overview of using Aspen Plus to model physical properties of pure components, binary mixtures, and more complex systems.
GE Renewable Energy has invested over $2 billion since 2002 to develop next-generation wind turbine technology. Their 3MW platform provides more power and efficiency through components scaled up from 2.5MW models. The 3MW platform includes the 3.4-137 turbine, which can achieve up to 24% higher output than GE's 2.75-120 turbine. Through integrated big data and software tools, the 3MW platform and Digital Wind Farm capabilities allow customers to better manage wind power on the grid.
OPTIMIZATION OF A TURBINE USED IN COAL FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANTS BASED ON IN...ijmech
The purpose of current study is to analyze the effect of inlet steam temperature coming from the boiler on
thermoeconomic performance of a steam turbine used in a coal fired thermal power plant. Second law of
thermodynamics is used to develop the thermoeconomic model for the turbine. Analyses based on exergetic
and exergoeconomic criteria are done for the turbine used in a 210 MW power plant. Methodology is
explained with the help of an example. Effect of inlet steam temperature on the exergetic efficiency of the
turbine, unit product cost of turbine and unit product boiler has been shown. Optimization has been done
for the turbine as a trade off between the unit product cost of inlet steam from the boiler and unit product
cost of the turbine.
This document provides an overview of steam systems used in industry. It discusses why steam is commonly used in industrial processes, describing steam's advantages over other energy forms. It then outlines the basic components and operation of steam systems, dividing them into four parts: generation, distribution, end use, recovery. The document aims to introduce readers to steam systems and identify opportunities to improve performance and lower costs.
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
Training manual on energy efficiency for SMEsD.Pawan Kumar
The document provides a training manual on energy efficiency opportunities for small and medium enterprises. It discusses various industrial energy systems including fuels and combustion, boilers, steam distribution, furnaces, electrical load management, motors, pumps, fans, compressed air, refrigeration, and green building concepts. The manual aims to help users identify and implement energy efficiency measures across key energy intensive systems commonly found in industrial facilities.
The document discusses air/fuel ratio control in combustion engines. It defines key combustion terminology like stoichiometric ratio and explains the importance of controlling the air/fuel ratio for efficiency and emissions. Different methods for controlling air/fuel ratio are presented, including inspirators, mechanically-linked valves, electronically-linked valves, and fully metered mass flow control. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided. Throttle valves, air management valves, and electronic throttle actuators are also described.
This document provides an overview of improving steam boiler operating efficiency. It discusses boiler classification and types, including fire-tube boilers, water-tube boilers, and biomass fuel boilers. It covers combustion principles, boiler efficiency calculations, factors affecting efficiency like excess air and heat losses, and methods to reduce losses like improving excess air control and heat recovery. The document also discusses instrumentation and controls, water treatment, performance monitoring, and environmental pollution aspects of boiler operation.
Experimental Analysis of Fuel Produced from Automotive Waste Lube OilIRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that analyzed the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of pyrolysis fuel produced from waste automotive oil and diesel. The pyrolysis fuel was produced through microwave pyrolysis, which thermally cracks waste oil into smaller hydrocarbon chains. Various blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% pyrolysis fuel with diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend ratios due to higher brake specific fuel consumption. Emissions of NOx and CO increased with pyrolysis fuel blends compared to diesel alone.
The document provides an overview of the Jet Propulsion Library, which contains components and models for simulating jet engines. The library includes extensive subsystems and thermodynamic cycles, steady state and dynamic capabilities, heat exchanger models, and interfaces to other physical domains. It supports modeling of various jet engine types and applications like flight envelope studies. The latest release added a geared turbofan example and models for variable geometry and natural gas applications.
This document discusses increasing energy efficiency and reducing emissions from coal-fired power plants. It summarizes previous work analyzing plant performance patterns and efficiency attributes. Several clear patterns were identified showing potential efficiency improvements of up to 3% from optimization. Additional gains may be possible from the plant generator. A research proposal is presented to analyze a utility's database to identify performance clusters, limiting factors, and improvement opportunities specific to their boilers. The utility would receive a benchmark and list of efficiency measures, along with a final report of the analysis.
The Modelica Fuel Cell Library (FCL) is used to model, simulate, analyze and control fuel cell design and operation, especially for PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) and SOFC (Solid Oxide) fuel cell systems.
It contains the essential components needed to research, design and configure fuel cell systems, including components, subsystems, templates and media.
Escape 24 biomass power plant with integrated drying-effective utilization of...Tesfaldet Gebregerges
This document describes integrating biomass drying into a biomass power plant to improve efficiency. It analyzes a base case power plant and three drying options: a hot air dryer, a two-stage hot air and steam dryer, and a flue gas dryer. The two-stage dryer using low pressure steam achieved the highest efficiency of 29.92% with a dried biomass feed of 31,576 kg/hr and final moisture content of 4.5%. Integrating drying recovers waste heat and increases the overall plant efficiency compared to the base case.
This document appears to be a quiz about transportation topics related to Portland, Oregon. It consists of 10 multiple choice or short answer questions across 3 rounds. The questions cover topics like bike share programs, public transit projects, transportation advocates and organizations in Portland, and past events related to sustainable transportation.
Soichi Honda learned machine skills and established Honda Motor Company in 1948 with investor backing. The 1950s were successful as Honda introduced many new motorcycle types that became popular. By 1959, Honda became the world's largest motorcycle maker.
1) Prior to the crisis, EU financial integration increased, especially in interbank markets. However, retail banking remains fragmented along national lines. The crisis reversed integration in interbank markets, increasing financial fragmentation.
2) The document proposes three reforms: 1) thorough bank asset reviews and recapitalization from private sources, 2) restructuring non-viable banks through cross-border mergers, 3) developing corporate bond and equity markets to absorb shocks and reduce reliance on banks.
3) Timing is key - banking sector problems must be addressed first to support the economy, but decisions could shape future stability if not accompanied by cross-border integration and capital market reforms.
This document discusses the importance of considering spatial and geographic factors in social science research and analysis. It argues that location and context are important for understanding human behavior and social processes. Spatial analysis techniques can provide insights by examining how variables are distributed across space and relate to nearby locations. The document advocates for more integrated and multidisciplinary research that considers both social and physical geographic factors. It also introduces the concept of spatial data analysis and how maps can help analyze relationships by preserving spatial context unlike tables.
Profit Center Accounting enables structuring a company according to strategic business units (SBUs) to provide full income statements and selected balance sheet items by business line. It reflects material movements between SBUs at commercial transfer prices rather than cost. Master data must be organized by assigning objects to profit centers. Actual values flow through the profit centers in parallel to business transactions. The information system provides reports on profit centers, including interactive and list-oriented reports.
EC-PCA allows companies to calculate internal operating results for profit centers. Profit centers represent organizational subunits that are responsible for their own costs and revenues. The document discusses how profit center accounting in SAP works, including organizing the company into profit centers using master data assignments, planning methods and data transfer, flows of actual values from various modules like materials management and sales to profit centers, and period-end closing of balance sheet items to profit centers. Transfer pricing between profit centers is also covered.
Profit Center Accounting enables structuring a company according to strategic business units (SBUs) to provide full income statements and selected balance sheet items by business line and sector. It reflects material movements between SBUs at commercial transfer prices rather than cost. Master data must be organized by assigning objects to profit centers. Actual values flow through the profit centers in parallel to business transactions. The information system provides reports on profit centers, including interactive and list-oriented reports.
This document discusses wearable technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). It provides examples of popular wearables like Google Glass, Fitbit, and smartwatches. It also discusses connected home devices and examples of smart home capabilities like lighting, locks, and climate control. The document touches on smart cities and smart car technologies like Tesla and heads-up displays that are part of the growing IoT industry.
Review on Boiler Control Automation for Sugar IndustriesIRJET Journal
This document discusses boiler automation systems for sugar industries. It begins with an abstract that outlines controlling boiler parameters like steam generation and drum water level using PID controllers and SCADA systems. It then discusses several key boiler parameters that are controlled like drum level, pressures, temperatures, and flows. Upgrading to advanced automation controls is recommended to improve efficiency by minimizing excess air, allowing tighter emissions control, and improving combustion characterization. Automating the control of critical parameters can help ensure efficient and reliable plant operation.
Artificial intelligence-based software has been used for over 15 years to optimize fossil fuel power plant boiler operations by reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and improving efficiency. The technology has evolved from early advisory systems to current closed-loop applications that can optimize the entire boiler process. Boiler optimization now aims to address more diverse goals, like efficiency improvements, integrating renewable energy, and complying with new regulations. Modern systems use hybrid approaches combining neural networks, model predictive control, and expert rules to provide enhanced transparency and customizable solutions for power producers.
Artificial intelligence-based software has been used for over 15 years to optimize fossil fuel power plant boiler operations by reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and improving efficiency. The technology has evolved from early advisory systems to current closed-loop applications that optimize the entire boiler process. Boiler optimization now aims to address more diverse goals, like efficiency improvements, integrating renewable energy, and complying with new regulations. Modern systems use hybrid approaches combining neural networks, model predictive control, and expert rules to optimize complex, integrated processes across the boiler and improve transparency for operators.
Analysis of Process Parameters to Improve Power Plant EfficiencyIOSRJMCE
This research paper analyses the operational parameters of a thermal power plant to improve effectively & efficient running of the machine while ensuring a degree of compliance with statutory regulations. This study aims to identify the operational gaps associated with running operational parameter in power plant process. It is focused to detect a different thermodynamic variable involved, being multivariate and automatic. For variation of each one of this operational parameters, performance calculations are find out to configure a database of energy variation. The variable data sets now can be used as assessment criteria based on detecting deviations from a reference system that has been updated during plant-performance tests. Although the most important outcome is the highly precise and valuable information that will be obtained on the live operating mode, leading to a head improvements in the cycle efficiency and achieved in the overall control system of the thermal plant. The main aim is to detect any abnormality, reacting as quickly as possible to return the plant to a normal operation mode at best efficient manner.
The document discusses using a multistage integrated chilling (MIC) scheme to increase ammonia production in ammonia plants. The MIC scheme thermally couples the process air compressor with the ammonia compression system. This allows increasing the process air compressor's throughput by up to 20% without modifications to compressors or drivers. Along with other measures like upgrading the synthesis loop, the MIC scheme can increase ammonia capacity by 12% and improve energy efficiency by 3 MMBtu/t without requiring changes to major equipment like compressors. The benefits of the MIC scheme include incremental increases in production and efficiency without major equipment upgrades or downtime.
The document discusses monitoring programs for critical equipment in ammonia plants to improve reliability and uptime. It outlines key performance indicators to monitor for various units, such as the primary reformer, secondary reformer, and shift converters. Monitoring parameters like temperatures, pressures, emissions and efficiencies can help identify problems early before catastrophic failures and keep the plant running optimally.
Cold transient emissions optimisation for di diesel engine on high dynamic te...Thierry Dalon
The document describes a new method developed by Renault called ORME to optimize engine control parameters during the warm-up period of emissions testing. ORME uses a high dynamic test bed to collect engine response data across multiple tests with small variations in control parameters. It builds a linear model of the engine's transient responses during warm-up and then uses this model to compute the optimal control parameters at each second to minimize emissions while meeting constraints on NOx, PM, fuel consumption and noise. This approach reduces the number of required tests compared to traditional methods and provides a good first suggestion of optimal warm-up calibrations.
This document discusses combustion control systems used for industrial boilers. It describes the key components of a combustion control system, including actuators, valves, dampers, and electronic controllers. Maintaining the proper fuel-to-air ratio and firing rate is important for safety and efficiency. Specific burner combustion control methods are also outlined, such as oxygen trim, burner modulation, excess air regulation, air/fuel cross-limiting, and total heat control. Applications include power boilers, heaters, steam generators, and various industrial processes. The advantages and disadvantages of different combustion control schemes like jackshaft and parallel control are presented.
Petro-SIM is an industry-leading process simulation software for hydrocarbon industries. It contains rigorous simulation models and an intuitive interface. The open platform architecture allows for integration with other technologies and team collaboration. Petro-SIM supports improved process modeling, optimization, and business transformation through its superior simulation capabilities and integration features.
This document discusses Air Liquide's adoption of the Platform for Advanced Control and Estimation (PACE) as their new standard Model Predictive Control (MPC) platform. PACE was selected to replace Air Liquide's legacy MPC software due to increasing maintenance costs and lack of technological advances. The document focuses on the benefits of PACE for controlling Air Separation Units (ASU). It provides an overview of ASU processes and control challenges, and discusses how PACE addresses these challenges through improved workflow, modeling capabilities, and greater efficiency and sustainability of operations. Case studies demonstrate benefits such as reduced operator intervention and improved plant performance during production changes.
This document summarizes the use of fuzzy logic applications in a 500 MW power station. Specifically, it proposes fuzzy logic systems for soot blowing optimization and drum level control. For soot blowing optimization, a fuzzy rule-based system estimates the cleanliness factor of boiler sections to determine the correct soot blowing scheme. For drum level control, two fuzzy strategies are proposed: 1) Using fuzzy logic rules to vary the PID controller gains based on error and error derivative. 2) Varying the drum level setpoint based on fuzzy logic rules. Simulation results show the fuzzy approaches improve dynamic and steady-state performance for both control problems.
This document summarizes the use of fuzzy logic applications in a 500 MW power station. Specifically, it proposes fuzzy logic systems for soot blowing optimization and drum level control. For soot blowing optimization, a fuzzy rule-based system estimates the cleanliness factor of boiler sections to determine the correct soot blowing scheme. For drum level control, two fuzzy strategies are proposed: 1) Using fuzzy logic rules to vary the PID controller gains based on error and error derivative. 2) Varying the drum level setpoint based on fuzzy logic rules. Simulation results show the fuzzy approaches improve dynamic and steady-state performance for both control problems.
Design of Heat Exchanger Network for VCM Distillation Unit Using Pinch Techno...IJERA Editor
In process industries, heat exchanger networks represent an important part of the plant structure. The purpose of the networks is to maximize heat recovery, thereby lowering the overall plant costs. In process industries, during operation of any heat exchanger network (HEN), the major aim is to focus on the best performance of the network As in present condition of fuel crises is one of the major problem faced by many country & industrial utility is majorly depend on this. There is technique called process integration which is used for integrate heat within loop so optimize the given process and minimize the heating load and cooling load .In the present study of heat integration on VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) distillation unit, Heat exchanger network (HEN) is designed by using Aspen energy analyzer V8.0 software. This software implements a methodology for HEN synthesis with the use of pinch technology. Several heat integration networks are designed with different ΔT min and total annualized cost compared to obtain the optimal design. The network with a ΔT min of 90C is the most optimal where the largest energy savings are obtained with the appropriate use of utilities (Save 15.3764% for hot utilities and 47.52% for cold utilities compared with the current plant configuration). Percentage reduction in total operating cost is 18.333%. From calculation Payback Period for new design is 3.15 year. This save could be done through a plant revamp, with the addition of two heat exchangers. This improvement are done in the process associated with this technique are not due to the use of advance unit operation, but to the generation of heat integration scheme. The Pinch Design Method can be employed to give good designs in rapid time and with minimum data.
Options for optimizing combined cycle plantsHossam Zein
This document discusses several options for optimizing the efficiency of combined cycle power plants, including:
1. Improving compressor cleanliness by using HEPA filters, which can increase power output by 6% and extend time between cleanings.
2. Making operational adjustments such as optimizing low load setpoints and reducing heat loss.
3. Installing aftermarket systems like ECOMAX automated combustion tuning to improve heat rate by 0.2-0.25% and boost output up to 11 MW.
4. A technology called TurboPHASE that uses a reciprocating engine to add compressed air to combustion turbines, allowing 10-20% faster response time and up to 7% improved heat rate.
Automation of the burner of a pirotubular boiler to improve the efficiency in...nooriasukmaningtyas
The purpose of this article is to describe the automation developed by means of a programmable logic controller for the burner of a fire tube boiler, in order to improve the efficiency in the process of generating steam quantified through the percentage of oxygen generated. The implementation was developed under a control strategy based on the use of servomotors that allow to gradually open or close the solenoid valves that dose the amount of air and fuel; Considering that there are multiple elements, I limited the analysis to one of its main components, called the burner. After developing this automation, it was possible to demonstrate the decrease in the variability of the oxygen percentage in relation to the optimal or desired value in the boiler. The experimentally obtained data of the oxygen percentage, were subjected to a statistical analysis of dispersion, in which the value of the Pearson's correlation coefficient was determined, whose value was equal to 0.298; This result allowed to conclude that the degree of variability of the indicator in analysis with respect to time is very low, which means that the variable maintains a constant value, equal to the desired value, after automating the fire tube boiler.
Enhanced Multi – Agent Based Industrial Process AutomationIRJET Journal
This document presents a multi-agent control system for optimizing the operation of fossil-fuel power plants. The system uses multiple intelligent agents that make autonomous decisions based on plant conditions. One agent uses a neuro-fuzzy system to evaluate and optimize feedback control gains. A simulation showed this agent could successfully update gains to improve control when the plant output exceeded thresholds. The system allows for customizable, optimized multi-objective control to improve efficiency and operation of power plants.
This document discusses advanced process control (APC) solutions for polyethylene plants. It provides examples of APC implementations at several plants that achieved benefits such as increased production rates and reduced temperature variations. The document also summarizes the capabilities of PiControl's APC software suite, including improved primary PID control loops, online predictive models, product property control, and production rate maximization. Finally, it outlines additional APC modules for tasks such as product grade transitions, signal validation, and operator advisory systems.
This document discusses performance monitoring for gas turbines. It begins by explaining that performance monitoring is critical for maximizing efficiency from gas turbines and processes, though it is less common than mechanical condition monitoring. It then provides details on:
- How performance monitoring systems work and the types of information they can provide.
- The factors that can affect gas turbine performance, both naturally from ambient conditions and loads, as well as from equipment degradation.
- The importance of differentiating between performance changes from natural causes versus degradation when analyzing data from monitoring systems.
- The distinction between recoverable and non-recoverable degradation, and how performance and mechanical condition monitoring can be used together to better diagnose issues.
LU-VE has experience producing heat exchangers for refrigeration and HVAC, especially with natural refrigerants like CO2. They presented on CO2 heat exchangers and their work on the NXTHPG project. Their CO2 test facility in Europe allows them to test heat exchangers under stationary conditions. Software predictions of capacity and pressure drop generally match test results well within 10%. Testing of CO2 evaporators showed capacity increases with Reynolds number as expected. Their 5mm tube CO2 coil for the NXTHPG project was smaller and lighter than the standard design while maintaining performance. CFD analysis helped optimize the fan configuration to increase COP by 2%.
Comparison of different controller strategies for Temperature controlIRJET Journal
This document compares different controller strategies (feedback, feedback with feedforward, and internal model control) for controlling temperature in a heat exchanger system. It describes a heat exchanger system with cold water input and temperature sensor output. The strategies are assessed based on transient response criteria like overshoot and settling time, and error-based criteria like integral of absolute and square errors. The study finds that internal model control outperforms the other strategies for a second-order plus dead time system.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Sibi
1. Distributed with permission of Sudha Thavamani, Matthias Behmann and Till Spaeth by ISA 2012
Presented at ISA POWID 2012; http://www.isa.org
PLANT PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS BY
ENHANCED COMBUSTION THROUGH LASER-BASED
OPTIMIZATION
Dr. Sudha Thavamani
Siemens Energy, Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical, U.S.A
Dr. Matthias Behmann
Siemens Energy, Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical, Germany
Till Spaeth
Siemens Energy, Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical, Germany
Keywords:
Combustion Optimization, Laser Measurements, Boiler Efficiency, Tangential Fired
boilers, Siemens Power Plant Automation SPPA-P3000
ABSTRACT
The power generation companies have to seek more superior and sophisticated technologies in order to
gain an edge on their competitors owing to continually rising demands by environmental and
governmental authorities and consumers.
Intelligent Combustion Optimization is a proven methodology to accomplish plant performance
improvements, boiler efficiency increase and reduction in emissions. The Siemens SPPA-P3000
Combustion Optimization solutions allow plant operators to achieve these objectives.
The purpose of the paper is to describe in detail the performance improvements achieved by using
Siemens SPPA-P3000 Combustion Optimizer at Unit 4 of Huaneng Rizhao Power Plant, P. R. China.
This unit is a 660 MW tangentially-fired, supercritical boiler. To balance the combustion better, a
closed-loop optimization is delivered by manipulating fuel and air levels with the help of laser
measurements which provide the key combustion components O2, CO, H2O and temperature
simultaneously, directly in the furnace.
2. Distributed with permission of Sudha Thavamani, Matthias Behmann and Till Spaeth by ISA 2012
Presented at ISA POWID 2012; http://www.isa.org
INTRODUCTION
In the current market conditions, steam power plants must always be run at the most profitable
operating point. This primarily demands a high degree of flexibility, high efficiency, high availability
and low emissions. The Siemens Power Plant Automation Process Optimization (SPPA-P3000)
solutions allow plant operators to achieve these objectives. One of the most cost-effective means for
improving the boiler efficiency is by applying the primary measures based on optimized combustion
adjustments. However, this optimization approach is usually restricted by the power plant operator’s
limited knowledge of actual combustion conditions. These uncertainties about the actual combustion
process leads to situations in which operators keep most of boiler settings constant, although
considerable variations occur with respect to fuel properties, fuel flow rate imbalances, load range or
air flow disturbances. The insufficient monitoring and control means that, in general, the operation of
the boilers is based on the use of certain combinations of global or indirect variables, derived either
from the recommendations of the boiler manufacturer or from the accumulated experience of the
operators of the specific plant. These often have more to do with operational stability and historical
inertia, i.e. following customary practices, than with true optimum operating conditions.
The Combustion Optimizer provides closed-loop optimization of fuel and air mixing by manipulating
fuel and air levels to balance combustion in the furnace. The important benefits of the optimizer
include greater combustion efficiency and consequently lower fuel costs, reliable combustion of
supplementary fuel, reliable combustion of a wider range of coal types, etc.
The Combustion Optimizer is software based solutions and needs no modifications to mechanical
equipment. This solution is comprised of Combustion Optimizer modules for laser-based measuring
technology, distribution calculation based on Computer-Aided Tomography (CAT) procedure and
Combustion Optimization Controls as shown in Figure 1. The combustion controller is completely
integrated together with the included spectroscopy-based in-furnace measurements from Zolo
Technologies’ ZoloBOSS system.
Figure 1 Combustion Optimizer Module Interactions
The laser-based measurement system maps the concentration of in-furnace CO, O2, H2O and
temperature simultaneously in real time and directly in the furnace as shown in Figure 2. Laser
3. Distributed with permission of Sudha Thavamani, Matthias Behmann and Till Spaeth by ISA 2012
Presented at ISA POWID 2012; http://www.isa.org
transmitters and receivers are arranged outside the boiler so that a grid of laser beams criss-crosses the
furnace. Each path of the X by X laser grid measures an average value for temperature, O2, H2O, and
CO simultaneously, and together, the paths are used to create a tomographic image of this plane in the
boiler, which is also displayed to the operators directly in the control room.
Figure 2 Laser –based Measurement System
The objective of the paper is to describe in detail the performance improvements achieved by using the
Combustion Optimizer at Unit 4 of Huaneng Rizhao Power Plant, P. R. China.
RIZHAO POWER PLANT UNIT 4 BOILER DESCRIPTION
Unit 4 at Rizhao Power Plant is located in Rizhao City, Shandong Province in P.R. of China. It is a 660
MW tangentially–fired, supercritical boiler. The boiler is a once through boiler with single furnace
cavity, single reheat, balanced draft, semi-outdoor, dry ash extraction. It belongs to Π type boiler with
whole steel frame overhung construction. Two ljungstrom tri-sector regenerative air preheaters are
installed in the boiler back-end. Fuel used by the boiler is soft coal.
There are six coal feeders and mills. A cyclone classifier is used at the coal mills. There are six burner
levels with 4 burners at each level. The direct flow burner at every corner forms the tangential firing.
Six layers of coal nozzles surrounded by fuel air (boundary air) are installed in the windbox. SOFA
(Separated OFA) nozzles installed in the upper part of the windbox include five layers of horizontally
swinging nozzles. There are 25 secondary air valves including boundary air of coal nozzles that are
controlled individually by pneumatic drives at every boiler corner and layer.
4. Distributed with permission of Sudha Thavamani, Matthias Behmann and Till Spaeth by ISA 2012
Presented at ISA POWID 2012; http://www.isa.org
COMBUSTION OPTIMIZATION PROJECT EXECUTION
The combustion optimization project was executed in the year 2011 with four major steps as shown in
the Figure 3.
1. The first step was the installation of laser measurement grids inside the boiler.
2. The second step was to carry out the parametric testing based on the conditions of the boiler.
This was followed by the deductions and analysis of the spatial distributions.
3. Based on observations and inferences of step 2 above, decision on the required controlled
variables for the closed loop controls engineering was made, which was the third major step of the
project
4. The fourth step was to integrate and commission the combustion optimization controls in the
existing I&C system.
Figure 3 Combustion Optimization Project Execution in 2011 at Rizhao Power Plant.
COMBUSTION OPTIMIZER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
o Hardware Configuration
The functions of the Combustion Optimizer modules ran on a small SPPA-T3000 I&C system.
The system is comprised, as shown in Figure 4, of the standard components:
Technology server, e.g. for archiving and optimization
Thin Client with software for CAT display
Standard interface to existing DCS
5. Distributed with permission of Sudha Thavamani, Matthias Behmann and Till Spaeth by ISA 2012
Presented at ISA POWID 2012; http://www.isa.org
Figure 4 Optimizer System Modules
The hardware configuration of the Combustion Optimizer at Rizhao Power Plant’s Unit 4 is shown in
Figure 5. The Laser Measurement System was connected to the Technology Server through OPC via
TCP/IP. There was also a Thin Client connected to the Technology Server. The Technology Server was
connected to the Foxboro DCS via Modbus. This permits the availability of measured data from the
existing DCS, such as coal and air flows or CO and NOx in the flue gas, to the combustion
optimization process.
Figure 5 Optimizer Hardware Configuration
o Transfer of Signals between Combustion Optimizer and Foxboro DCS
The basic block diagram for signal transfer between the Combustion Optimizer and Foxboro DCS is
shown in Figure 6.
There was a watchdog signal available for the communication check between the optimizer and the
DCS. The process measurements from the DCS were used for controls calculation in optimizer. The
optimizer then used the process measurements from the DCS along with the laser measurements data
from the boiler to calculate the optimized values. These values were provided as the setpoint deltas
which were additive bias values to the existing setpoints in the DCS. This provided the new setpoints
which were transferred to the basic underlying controls and to the field.
6. Distributed with permission of Sudha Thavamani, Matthias Behmann and Till Spaeth by ISA 2012
Presented at ISA POWID 2012; http://www.isa.org
There were three safety checks in the DCS that every setpoint delta change had to pass before they
became effective in the controls and boiler process. The three safety checks were an Optimizer
ON/OFF switch, rate limiter and min / max absolute limits.
Figure 6 Signal Transfer between Combustion Optimizer and DCS
PARAMETRIC TESTING OUTCOME
During the parametric testing, the behavior of the boiler was observed by changing and adjusting
individual secondary air, secondary auxiliary air and SOFA dampers.
The outcome of the parametric testing and combustion analysis were
o Fireball was often not in the center of the boiler which led to unbalanced heat transfer to water
wall and heaters. This also increased the risk of slagging for parts of the water wall.
o Non-homogeneous distribution of excess air in the boiler which led to efficiency loss in regions
with too much air and bad combustion in regions without enough air.
o O2 setpoint of 3.5% at full load for normal operation with limited manual O2 reduction
possibilites, due to the non-homogenious and continuously changing combustion situation in
the boiler.
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COMBUSTION OPTIMIZATION CONTROLS CONCEPT
o Fireball Centering
The objective behind the fireball centering control was to center the fireball for uniform combustion.
The fireball was centered by using the secondary auxiliary air dampers. The reported temperature
values from the laser measurements were used to calculate the current position of the fireball. A model
was developed using the angle of secondary auxiliary air damper to determine the reaction of the
fireball position and to determine the distance of the fireball from the origin. Using this information the
controller then computes the secondary auxiliary air damper position delta for each of the four corners
of the boiler.
o O2 Distribution Balancing
The objective behind the O2 distribution balancing was to uniformly spread the O2 using the SOFA.
The O2 balancing was performed by controlling the SOFA dampers. The O2 distributions in the boiler,
determined from the laser measurements, were used as control inputs. A model was built based on
weighted average for O2 measurements for the individual four corners of the boiler. This model for
each corner determined the SOFA deltas proportional to the distribution of DCS damper demands for
level I through level V.
o Combustion Balancing
The objective behind the combustion balancing was uniform combustion based on a good air to fuel
ratio. The combustion balancing was implemented using the secondary boundary air dampers. The
temperature, O2 and CO measurements from the laser measurements were used as inputs for
combustion balancing controls. A boiler model was developed using these inputs which was then used
to reveal reaction required for the secondary boundary air damper deltas.
o Excess O2 Reduction
The fireball centering, O2 distribution and combustion balancing controls helped to allow the reduction
of the excess O2 for increasing the boiler efficiency. This additional logic using CO concentration was
implemented to determine the O2 setpoint correction dependant on the actual combustion situation in
the boiler. The CO values in the boiler from the laser measurements and the CO after boiler from the
DCS were used to determine the rated CO concentration. The CO setpoint to the integral control was
determined as a function of the unit load from the DCS. The optimization controller also has the lower
limit for O2 reduction which was based on the function of unit load and had an absolute lower limit
from the O2 setpoint characteristics from the DCS.
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USER INTERFACE
o Operator Interface in DCS
The operator interface in the DCS with the Combustion Optimizer is shown in Figure 7. The ON/OFF
switch for the optimizer was provided in the DCS and the operator has full control of switching ON
and OFF optimizer. Figure 7 also shows the setpoint deltas for the SOFA for all corners and for all the
levels between A and F layers, I and V layers respectively in the DCS HMI. The setpoint deltas from
the optimizer for the secondary auxiliary air dampers and for secondary boundary air dampers for all
fours corners and for the layers between A and F, I and V was displayed in the DCS HMI as shown in
Figure 7.
Figure 7 ON/OFF Switch and Combustion Optimizer Setpoint deltas on DCS
BOILER OPERATION IMPROVEMENTS WITH COMBUSTION OPTIMIZER
o Fireball centering for better heat transfer
With the Combustion Optimization controls in operation, the fireball was centered to achieve improved
heat transfer, reduced slagging and improved boiler efficiency.
Figure 8 shows the snapshot of temperature distribution without and with the optimizer controls. It can
be seen that the fireball was not centralized without the optimizer controls and was at the center with
closed loop optimization.
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Figure 8 Laser measurements portraying Fireball position with and without Optimizer
o Balanced O2 distribution for better combustion
With the combustion optimization controls in operation, the O2 distribution was balanced to achieve
improved combustion, reduced O2 in the boiler and improved boiler efficiency.
Figure 9 shows the snapshot of O2 distribution without and with the optimizer controls. The O2
distribution was not balanced without the optimizer control and O2 distribution is well balanced with
the closed loop controls.
Figure 9 Laser measurements portraying O2 distribution with and without Optimizer
o Reduced O2 for higher boiler efficiency
With the optimization controls in operation, reduction of combustion air was achieved after balancing
the boiler. An automatic reduction of excess O2 according to the actual combustion situation was
accomplished. With the optimizer, reduced flue gas flow and less related heat losses in the boiler was
attained. The combination of all the other optimizer controls along with the O2 reduction controls
resulted in improved boiler efficiency.
Figure 10 illustrates the O2 reduction trend over a period of 3h50min at constant unit load. The green
color trend shows the delta O2 reduction calculated by the Combustion Optimizer. The violet color
trend shows the O2 reduction lower limit. The O2 setpoint from the operator in the DCS is shown as
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light blue color trend. The actual O2 curve is shown in red color. The blue color trend shows the
reduced O2 setpoint. The CO setpoint is shown as light green color. The rated actual CO from DCS is
shown as flooded grey color. The rated actual CO from the laser measurements is shown as flooded
yellow color. The black color trend displays the rated actual CO used for optimizing the excess O2 in
the boiler.
It can be seen from Figure 10 that the reduction in O2 was achieved when the optimizer was switched
ON. However, the attempt to reduce O2 setpoint within the first hour of the test without the additional
measures of the optimizer solution to balance combustion failed.
Figure 10 O2 reduction trend
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LASER MEASUREMENTS DISPLAY WITH AND WITHOUT OPTIMIZER
Figure 11 demonstrates the snapshot of laser measurements without the optimizer switched ON. In this
scenario, the fireball was not centered in the temperature profile and the O2 distribution was not
balanced in the O2 laser measurement profile.
Figure 11 Snapshot of Laser Measurements without Combustion Optimizer Controls
Figure 12 demonstrates the snapshot of laser measurements with the Combustion Optimizer switched
ON. At this state, the fireball was well centered in the temperature profile and the O2 distribution is
balanced in the O2 laser measurement profile.
Figure 12 Snapshot of Laser Measurements with Combustion Optimizer Controls
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CONCLUSION
The Combustion Optimizer was tested for different plant conditions like that of different unit loads,
different coal etc.
The principle benefits of using Combustion Optimizer at Rizhao Power Plant were:
Better centralization of the fireball
Better O2 distribution in boiler
More O2 reduction based on the balanced combustion, normally the O2 reduction is 0.7~1.1
Reduced auxiliary power, reduced coal consumption and increased boiler efficiency
With the request of the management at the Rizhao Power Plant, a third party evaluation of boiler
efficiency improvement achieved by Combustion Optimizer was administered by Xi’an Thermal
Power Research Institute Co., Ltd. (TPRI).
TPRI conducted a boiler efficiency test using GB 10184-88 standard methodology at full load and at
partial load to compare the boiler efficiency with Combustion Optimizer ‘OFF’ and ‘ON’. Performance
improvements attributed to combustion balancing but not included in the TPRI boiler efficiency
calculation such as lower auxiliary power requirements (from induced, forced and primary air fan
loads) and increased steam enthalpy were also calculated using TPRI test data and ASME 4.1
standards.
The Combustion Optimizer improved the performance by a total of 0.57% at full load. A better
balanced combustion was achieved permitting the excess O2 to be reduced by 0.93% based on the DCS
setpoints. This resulted in the decrease of fan loads (induced/forced draft and primary air) which
further diminished the auxiliary power requirements by 293 KW/hr or 0.05% of the load. This
reduction in auxiliary power led to the increase in the amount of electricity available for sale by the
plant.
Also, at full load the steam enthalpy increased as Superheater and Reheater steam temperatures
enhanced as a result of better combustion which increased 0.07% more overall improvement in steam
turbine output. In addition, NOx level was reduced by 14.4% as a result of lower excess O2 while the
CO and LOI did not materially change.
REFERENCES
1. Boiler Efficiency Calculation via ASME PTC 4.1 Method
2. GB 10184-88 Performance Test Code for Utility Boiler