Shan mahmood 57 ethnography
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•142 views
Ethnographic research relies on close observation and participation in natural settings to understand participants' perspectives. It aims to understand cultures different from one's own. Key characteristics include studying behavior in everyday contexts, using unstructured data collection like informal conversations, focusing on a small group, and emphasizing interpretation over quantification. Researchers watch what happens, listen, ask informal interview questions, and collect documents to produce narrative descriptions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Ethnographic Research
Ethnography is a social science research method that relies on close personal experience and participation within a culture or group, rather than just observation. Researchers immerse themselves in the natural setting of the group being studied to understand their perspectives. Ethnographic research aims to provide rich descriptive accounts through methods like interviews, observation, and reviewing documents to understand human behavior and cultural contexts.
Brief view about type of research design
The document provides an introduction to ethnographic research methods, outlining the goals of developing research questions, models, and proposals. It defines ethnography as inquiry and discovery into communities through intimate interaction and observation to understand behaviors, beliefs, and relationships in socio-historical context. The document also contrasts qualitative and quantitative research and discusses building blocks of ethnographic research like exploratory, definitional, and confirmatory data collection methods.
Ethnography
This document provides an overview of ethnography and visual anthropology. It defines ethnography as the systematic study and documentation of human activities through immersion in the environment being studied and observation. Key features of ethnography include becoming embroiled in the setting, having a bottom-up perspective, being present physically in the field, and acknowledging the researcher's own reflexivity. Ethnography involves skills like observation and interviewing to understand people's perspectives. It discusses ethics, types of field research, and provides guidance on how to conduct ethnographic fieldwork and analysis.
Ethnography & Participant Observation
This document discusses ethnography and participant observation. It covers several key topics:
1) Debates around the relationship between social research methods and natural scientific methods.
2) Criticisms of ethnography regarding its objectivity and ability to produce universally valid knowledge.
3) Discussions around the practical applications of ethnography and whether its primary goal should be knowledge production or solving practical problems.
4) Analyses of the "literary" aspects of ethnographic texts and their conventions, representations, and rhetoric.
5) Implications of rhetorical analyses for the ethical and political dimensions of ethnography.
Ethnography
This document defines ethnography as a qualitative research strategy where a researcher studies an intact cultural group in their natural setting over an extended period of time through primarily observational and interview-based data collection, according to Creswell. It discusses that data collection in ethnography can include documentation, archival records, interviews, direct observations, participant observations, and physical artifacts. The document also notes that ethnographic data analysis can be time-consuming and require a team due to the broad coverage needed.
Ethnography Research
This document provides an overview of ethnography research. It defines ethnography as describing a group or culture through observation and conversation. The main purposes of ethnography are to obtain a deep understanding of people and their culture in a natural context. Data is typically collected through interviews, observations, and documents in an unstructured way. Ethnography research aims to understand human behavior in everyday contexts rather than experimental conditions. It emphasizes naturalism, understanding, discovery, and challenges assumptions. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of ethnography as well as important ethical considerations around informed consent, privacy, and harm.
Ethnographic research methodology (ss)
Ethnographic research is one of the many crucial research methodologies in educational research. This well-researched ppt gives a clear picture of the what, how, and why of the research design.
ethnography Research
This document provides an overview of ethnography as a qualitative research method. It defines ethnography as the description and interpretation of cultural behavior through field work and written text. Ethnographic research aims to understand a culture from an emic or etic perspective by observing cultural behaviors, artifacts, and speech in natural contexts over time. The key characteristics of ethnographic research are that it is contextual, unobtrusive, longitudinal, collaborative, interpretative, and organic. Successful ethnographies employ methods like interviews, observation, and document analysis to develop a rich narrative description of a culture. The outcome is a holistic understanding of cultural norms, behaviors, and practices that can provide insights for health research.
Recommended
Ethnographic Research
Ethnography is a social science research method that relies on close personal experience and participation within a culture or group, rather than just observation. Researchers immerse themselves in the natural setting of the group being studied to understand their perspectives. Ethnographic research aims to provide rich descriptive accounts through methods like interviews, observation, and reviewing documents to understand human behavior and cultural contexts.
Brief view about type of research design
The document provides an introduction to ethnographic research methods, outlining the goals of developing research questions, models, and proposals. It defines ethnography as inquiry and discovery into communities through intimate interaction and observation to understand behaviors, beliefs, and relationships in socio-historical context. The document also contrasts qualitative and quantitative research and discusses building blocks of ethnographic research like exploratory, definitional, and confirmatory data collection methods.
Ethnography
This document provides an overview of ethnography and visual anthropology. It defines ethnography as the systematic study and documentation of human activities through immersion in the environment being studied and observation. Key features of ethnography include becoming embroiled in the setting, having a bottom-up perspective, being present physically in the field, and acknowledging the researcher's own reflexivity. Ethnography involves skills like observation and interviewing to understand people's perspectives. It discusses ethics, types of field research, and provides guidance on how to conduct ethnographic fieldwork and analysis.
Ethnography & Participant Observation
This document discusses ethnography and participant observation. It covers several key topics:
1) Debates around the relationship between social research methods and natural scientific methods.
2) Criticisms of ethnography regarding its objectivity and ability to produce universally valid knowledge.
3) Discussions around the practical applications of ethnography and whether its primary goal should be knowledge production or solving practical problems.
4) Analyses of the "literary" aspects of ethnographic texts and their conventions, representations, and rhetoric.
5) Implications of rhetorical analyses for the ethical and political dimensions of ethnography.
Ethnography
This document defines ethnography as a qualitative research strategy where a researcher studies an intact cultural group in their natural setting over an extended period of time through primarily observational and interview-based data collection, according to Creswell. It discusses that data collection in ethnography can include documentation, archival records, interviews, direct observations, participant observations, and physical artifacts. The document also notes that ethnographic data analysis can be time-consuming and require a team due to the broad coverage needed.
Ethnography Research
This document provides an overview of ethnography research. It defines ethnography as describing a group or culture through observation and conversation. The main purposes of ethnography are to obtain a deep understanding of people and their culture in a natural context. Data is typically collected through interviews, observations, and documents in an unstructured way. Ethnography research aims to understand human behavior in everyday contexts rather than experimental conditions. It emphasizes naturalism, understanding, discovery, and challenges assumptions. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of ethnography as well as important ethical considerations around informed consent, privacy, and harm.
Ethnographic research methodology (ss)
Ethnographic research is one of the many crucial research methodologies in educational research. This well-researched ppt gives a clear picture of the what, how, and why of the research design.
ethnography Research
This document provides an overview of ethnography as a qualitative research method. It defines ethnography as the description and interpretation of cultural behavior through field work and written text. Ethnographic research aims to understand a culture from an emic or etic perspective by observing cultural behaviors, artifacts, and speech in natural contexts over time. The key characteristics of ethnographic research are that it is contextual, unobtrusive, longitudinal, collaborative, interpretative, and organic. Successful ethnographies employ methods like interviews, observation, and document analysis to develop a rich narrative description of a culture. The outcome is a holistic understanding of cultural norms, behaviors, and practices that can provide insights for health research.
What is Ethnographic Method
The document defines ethnographic method as a qualitative research design used to explore cultural phenomena. It aims to represent the knowledge and meanings in the lives of a cultural group through field studies or case reports. As a research method, ethnography is used in anthropology, political and social studies, education and other disciplines to study different cultures. Key ethnographic research methods include observation, interviewing cultural subjects, and collecting and analyzing cultural artifacts.
Ethnographic methods in Entrepreneurship Research
1) Ethnography is a qualitative research method used in cultural anthropology that involves observing and participating in a culture to understand social meanings and activities.
2) Ethnographic research follows a cyclical pattern of investigation rather than a linear design, with flexible data collection to avoid imposing external categories.
3) Ethnography studies behavior in natural settings using techniques like observation and focuses on a single group or setting at a small scale to attribute meanings to human actions.
Ethnography
This document discusses ethnographic research methods. It defines ethnography as the observation of groups of people or cultures in natural settings using qualitative research methods like observations and interviews. Ethnographies are long-term studies that allow researchers to experience regular patterns and routines of a community. The document outlines the typical steps of an ethnography, including identifying a research question, gaining access to subjects, collecting data through observations and interviews, analyzing data concurrently with collection, and writing a final report that brings the culture to life.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Phenomenological research examines human experiences through descriptions provided by those involved. It aims to understand the relationship between individual consciousness and social life, and uncover how awareness shapes social actions and worlds. Phenomenological studies trace lived experiences of people to generate theories about phenomena. Data is primarily collected through interviews and analyzed to identify patterns and themes in a clear manner. There are different types including realistic, constitutive, existential, and hermeneutic phenomenological research.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology that focuses on understanding a culture from the perspective of the people in that culture. There are two main types: micro ethnography, which studies narrow aspects of a culture, and macro ethnography, which examines broader aspects. Ethnographic research involves observing and interacting with people in their natural environment over an extended period of time to understand their cultural behaviors, artifacts, and speech. It provides health providers insights into cultural beliefs and practices that influence people's health.
Methods of collecting and analysis qualitative data
This document discusses different methods for collecting and analyzing qualitative data. It describes field studies, historical comparative studies, focus group discussions, and the role of computers in research. The main methods of qualitative data analysis covered are content analysis, thematic analysis, and narrative analysis. Content analysis involves classifying and organizing written, oral, or visual data. Thematic analysis identifies patterns or themes within data. Narrative analysis examines stories or accounts that respondents provide about experiences or events.
Ethnography
This document discusses ethnography as an invaluable research method. It defines ethnography as the scientific description of peoples and cultures with their customs, habits, and differences. Ethnography uses both qualitative and quantitative methods in a holistic and interpretive way to study cultural systems from emic and etic perspectives. It is a flexible and iterative process that relies heavily on fieldwork through daily recording of field notes. Ethnography presents case studies of host populations in human contexts. It implies formulating questions, collecting and testing data, and drafting conclusions while leaving room for doubt. Ethics in research require avoiding falsification and acknowledging others' work to prevent plagiarism.
Ethnography and community development
Description of what is ethnography and how it can be used to study a particular group. How to use ethnography in the development of a specific group/community tourism interest
Presentation on ethnographic research
Ethnographic research is a qualitative method where researchers observe and interact with study participants in their natural environment. The goal is to describe, analyze, and interpret the culture of a group over time in terms of their shared beliefs, behaviors, and language. Key characteristics include observing subjects in natural settings rather than labs, close interaction between researchers and participants, collecting unstructured data through methods like interviews and observations to understand perspectives from the group's point of view, and analyzing data within the socio-political and historical context of the culture. The process involves identifying a research problem, determining a location, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings.
Ethnographic Research for Design Innovation
The document discusses ethnographic research methods for design innovation. It begins with an introduction to ethnography, explaining that it involves observing human behavior and interactions in natural, real-world contexts. It then covers when ethnography should be used, noting that it is best for discovering fundamental experience factors and contextual cultural variations. The document also outlines the typical structure of an ethnographic research project, including determining the research question, collecting data through observations and other methods, analyzing themes in the data, and reporting findings. It provides examples of data collection tools like artifact analysis and context mapping. In the end, the audience is invited to discuss planning an ethnographic study of a hotel resort guest system.
Ethenographic research
Ethnography is defined as the study of people in their natural environments using social research methods like observations and interviews to understand culture and interpret results. Ethnography helps uncover consumer perspectives to avoid assumptions and build successful products, designs, and user experiences. It benefits product development by creating more compelling solutions, enabling designs for the global marketplace, and identifying barriers through a process that defines problems, finds study participants, plans data collection approaches, collects and analyzes data to share insights.
Ethnography for design
This document provides an introduction to ethnography for experience design. It discusses how ethnography can help designers better understand context, emotion, and behavior to create more compelling designs that connect with users. Ethnography is defined as a qualitative research method that aims to learn and interpret cultural phenomena from the perspective of cultural groups in their natural settings. It focuses on patterns of everyday life and systems of meanings to understand decision making. The document encourages applying ethnography's principles of natural settings, members' point of view, and holistic description to design work.
Historical research design
Historical research involves carefully studying and analyzing past events and data to better understand how the past impacts the present. It relies on primary sources like documents, artifacts, and oral histories, as well as secondary sources. The research process involves collecting data, critically analyzing its authenticity and reliability, and then synthesizing the validated information to establish facts and test hypotheses. Some areas of historical study include specific time periods, geographical locations, and topics like military history. A variety of methods and tools are used, such as corroborating evidence, photography, revisionism, change logs, and examining human and social evolution.
ETHNOGRAPHY
Ethnography is a qualitative research method used in social sciences that focuses on observing social interactions and practices of cultural groups. It involves long-term, in-depth fieldwork where the researcher immerses themselves in the daily lives of the culture being studied through methods like participant observation and interviews. The goal is to understand the culture from the perspective of its members through descriptive analysis of collected data on cultural behaviors, beliefs, and language. Some challenges include needing expertise in the culture, gaining access and trust, potential for bias, and issues with generalizing findings.
Ethnography and Historical Research Presentation
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. A relic is any object whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past. Examples of relics include furniture, clothing, buildings, monuments, or equipment.
2. It is important to establish rapport with collaborators or the group being researched in order to gain their trust and willingness to participate openly and honestly. This helps the researcher obtain accurate perspectives and behaviors from participants.
3. In the technique of triangulation, the researcher collects data using multiple sources rather than a single one. This includes using multiple methods like interviews, observations, and artifacts, as well as getting information from multiple informants.
4. The researcher is immersed in the
Ethnography
This document provides an overview of ethnography as a qualitative research method. It defines ethnography as the study of people in natural settings with the aim of understanding a culture from the native point of view. Key aspects of ethnography discussed include conducting long-term observation of a culture-sharing group in everyday contexts, gathering various data sources like interviews and conversations, and analyzing data through interpretation to describe meanings and functions of human actions. Examples of topics for ethnography in education are also given.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides definitions for key research methods terminology. It lists terms like case study, content analysis, triangulation, qualitative data, quantitative data, and more. Readers are asked to match each term with its corresponding definition. Understanding these terms is important for studying research methods.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
This document discusses historical research methods. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and critical evaluation of past data to answer questions about causes and effects of past events. The key steps are: 1) collecting primary and secondary sources; 2) critically examining sources through external and internal criticism; 3) objectively presenting the facts without bias. Historical research allows investigation of topics not studyable otherwise, but limitations include lack of control over threats to validity and representation of samples. Areas of study include periods, locations, and military history.
Ethnography and Program Evaluation.
Ethnography is described as the art and science of describing a culture or group. It relies on up-close experience and participation from researchers to understand the natural setting and points of view of those being observed. Ethnographic research is qualitative and subjective in nature, focusing on descriptions over statistics. It aims to understand cultural perspectives to explain human actions. The research process is inductive and involves naturalistic observation, interviews, and document collection to develop narrative descriptions. Ethical concerns around informed consent, privacy, harm, and exploitation must also be considered. Program evaluation similarly uses social research methodologies but requires additional skills to operate within political and organizational contexts to influence decision making through empirical feedback. Common evaluation strategies include scientific-experimental,
Ethnography - Ethnographic Research
Ethnography involves observing and describing a culture or group through immersive experiences rather than experiments. It relies on participation in the natural setting to understand perspectives. Key characteristics include studying behavior in everyday contexts, gathering data through observation and informal conversations, and interpreting meanings and functions without fixed categories. The aim is to capture natural human behavior through first-hand contact and understand cultural perspectives to effectively explain actions.
Case study vs Ethnography
Case Study is a method to deeply observe the characteristics of individual unit such as a person, a group or a community, in order to analyse various phenomena in relation to that unit of study.
Ethnography is a method to explore the nature of a certain social phenomenon and it tends to use unstructured data.
Case study and Ethnography
This document discusses case studies and ethnography as qualitative research methods. It provides details on what each method involves such as data collection techniques, characteristics, strengths, and limitations. A key difference noted is that ethnography requires participant observation and aims to understand a culture from the insider's perspective, while case studies take a more outward looking approach to deeply analyze a specific real-world instance or phenomenon in its context. Both methods are in-depth, interpretive approaches but ethnography typically requires longer-term fieldwork.
More Related Content
What's hot
What is Ethnographic Method
The document defines ethnographic method as a qualitative research design used to explore cultural phenomena. It aims to represent the knowledge and meanings in the lives of a cultural group through field studies or case reports. As a research method, ethnography is used in anthropology, political and social studies, education and other disciplines to study different cultures. Key ethnographic research methods include observation, interviewing cultural subjects, and collecting and analyzing cultural artifacts.
Ethnographic methods in Entrepreneurship Research
1) Ethnography is a qualitative research method used in cultural anthropology that involves observing and participating in a culture to understand social meanings and activities.
2) Ethnographic research follows a cyclical pattern of investigation rather than a linear design, with flexible data collection to avoid imposing external categories.
3) Ethnography studies behavior in natural settings using techniques like observation and focuses on a single group or setting at a small scale to attribute meanings to human actions.
Ethnography
This document discusses ethnographic research methods. It defines ethnography as the observation of groups of people or cultures in natural settings using qualitative research methods like observations and interviews. Ethnographies are long-term studies that allow researchers to experience regular patterns and routines of a community. The document outlines the typical steps of an ethnography, including identifying a research question, gaining access to subjects, collecting data through observations and interviews, analyzing data concurrently with collection, and writing a final report that brings the culture to life.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Phenomenological research examines human experiences through descriptions provided by those involved. It aims to understand the relationship between individual consciousness and social life, and uncover how awareness shapes social actions and worlds. Phenomenological studies trace lived experiences of people to generate theories about phenomena. Data is primarily collected through interviews and analyzed to identify patterns and themes in a clear manner. There are different types including realistic, constitutive, existential, and hermeneutic phenomenological research.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology that focuses on understanding a culture from the perspective of the people in that culture. There are two main types: micro ethnography, which studies narrow aspects of a culture, and macro ethnography, which examines broader aspects. Ethnographic research involves observing and interacting with people in their natural environment over an extended period of time to understand their cultural behaviors, artifacts, and speech. It provides health providers insights into cultural beliefs and practices that influence people's health.
Methods of collecting and analysis qualitative data
This document discusses different methods for collecting and analyzing qualitative data. It describes field studies, historical comparative studies, focus group discussions, and the role of computers in research. The main methods of qualitative data analysis covered are content analysis, thematic analysis, and narrative analysis. Content analysis involves classifying and organizing written, oral, or visual data. Thematic analysis identifies patterns or themes within data. Narrative analysis examines stories or accounts that respondents provide about experiences or events.
Ethnography
This document discusses ethnography as an invaluable research method. It defines ethnography as the scientific description of peoples and cultures with their customs, habits, and differences. Ethnography uses both qualitative and quantitative methods in a holistic and interpretive way to study cultural systems from emic and etic perspectives. It is a flexible and iterative process that relies heavily on fieldwork through daily recording of field notes. Ethnography presents case studies of host populations in human contexts. It implies formulating questions, collecting and testing data, and drafting conclusions while leaving room for doubt. Ethics in research require avoiding falsification and acknowledging others' work to prevent plagiarism.
Ethnography and community development
Description of what is ethnography and how it can be used to study a particular group. How to use ethnography in the development of a specific group/community tourism interest
Presentation on ethnographic research
Ethnographic research is a qualitative method where researchers observe and interact with study participants in their natural environment. The goal is to describe, analyze, and interpret the culture of a group over time in terms of their shared beliefs, behaviors, and language. Key characteristics include observing subjects in natural settings rather than labs, close interaction between researchers and participants, collecting unstructured data through methods like interviews and observations to understand perspectives from the group's point of view, and analyzing data within the socio-political and historical context of the culture. The process involves identifying a research problem, determining a location, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings.
Ethnographic Research for Design Innovation
The document discusses ethnographic research methods for design innovation. It begins with an introduction to ethnography, explaining that it involves observing human behavior and interactions in natural, real-world contexts. It then covers when ethnography should be used, noting that it is best for discovering fundamental experience factors and contextual cultural variations. The document also outlines the typical structure of an ethnographic research project, including determining the research question, collecting data through observations and other methods, analyzing themes in the data, and reporting findings. It provides examples of data collection tools like artifact analysis and context mapping. In the end, the audience is invited to discuss planning an ethnographic study of a hotel resort guest system.
Ethenographic research
Ethnography is defined as the study of people in their natural environments using social research methods like observations and interviews to understand culture and interpret results. Ethnography helps uncover consumer perspectives to avoid assumptions and build successful products, designs, and user experiences. It benefits product development by creating more compelling solutions, enabling designs for the global marketplace, and identifying barriers through a process that defines problems, finds study participants, plans data collection approaches, collects and analyzes data to share insights.
Ethnography for design
This document provides an introduction to ethnography for experience design. It discusses how ethnography can help designers better understand context, emotion, and behavior to create more compelling designs that connect with users. Ethnography is defined as a qualitative research method that aims to learn and interpret cultural phenomena from the perspective of cultural groups in their natural settings. It focuses on patterns of everyday life and systems of meanings to understand decision making. The document encourages applying ethnography's principles of natural settings, members' point of view, and holistic description to design work.
Historical research design
Historical research involves carefully studying and analyzing past events and data to better understand how the past impacts the present. It relies on primary sources like documents, artifacts, and oral histories, as well as secondary sources. The research process involves collecting data, critically analyzing its authenticity and reliability, and then synthesizing the validated information to establish facts and test hypotheses. Some areas of historical study include specific time periods, geographical locations, and topics like military history. A variety of methods and tools are used, such as corroborating evidence, photography, revisionism, change logs, and examining human and social evolution.
ETHNOGRAPHY
Ethnography is a qualitative research method used in social sciences that focuses on observing social interactions and practices of cultural groups. It involves long-term, in-depth fieldwork where the researcher immerses themselves in the daily lives of the culture being studied through methods like participant observation and interviews. The goal is to understand the culture from the perspective of its members through descriptive analysis of collected data on cultural behaviors, beliefs, and language. Some challenges include needing expertise in the culture, gaining access and trust, potential for bias, and issues with generalizing findings.
Ethnography and Historical Research Presentation
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. A relic is any object whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past. Examples of relics include furniture, clothing, buildings, monuments, or equipment.
2. It is important to establish rapport with collaborators or the group being researched in order to gain their trust and willingness to participate openly and honestly. This helps the researcher obtain accurate perspectives and behaviors from participants.
3. In the technique of triangulation, the researcher collects data using multiple sources rather than a single one. This includes using multiple methods like interviews, observations, and artifacts, as well as getting information from multiple informants.
4. The researcher is immersed in the
Ethnography
This document provides an overview of ethnography as a qualitative research method. It defines ethnography as the study of people in natural settings with the aim of understanding a culture from the native point of view. Key aspects of ethnography discussed include conducting long-term observation of a culture-sharing group in everyday contexts, gathering various data sources like interviews and conversations, and analyzing data through interpretation to describe meanings and functions of human actions. Examples of topics for ethnography in education are also given.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides definitions for key research methods terminology. It lists terms like case study, content analysis, triangulation, qualitative data, quantitative data, and more. Readers are asked to match each term with its corresponding definition. Understanding these terms is important for studying research methods.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
This document discusses historical research methods. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and critical evaluation of past data to answer questions about causes and effects of past events. The key steps are: 1) collecting primary and secondary sources; 2) critically examining sources through external and internal criticism; 3) objectively presenting the facts without bias. Historical research allows investigation of topics not studyable otherwise, but limitations include lack of control over threats to validity and representation of samples. Areas of study include periods, locations, and military history.
What's hot (18)
Methods of collecting and analysis qualitative data
Methods of collecting and analysis qualitative data
Similar to Shan mahmood 57 ethnography
Ethnography and Program Evaluation.
Ethnography is described as the art and science of describing a culture or group. It relies on up-close experience and participation from researchers to understand the natural setting and points of view of those being observed. Ethnographic research is qualitative and subjective in nature, focusing on descriptions over statistics. It aims to understand cultural perspectives to explain human actions. The research process is inductive and involves naturalistic observation, interviews, and document collection to develop narrative descriptions. Ethical concerns around informed consent, privacy, harm, and exploitation must also be considered. Program evaluation similarly uses social research methodologies but requires additional skills to operate within political and organizational contexts to influence decision making through empirical feedback. Common evaluation strategies include scientific-experimental,
Ethnography - Ethnographic Research
Ethnography involves observing and describing a culture or group through immersive experiences rather than experiments. It relies on participation in the natural setting to understand perspectives. Key characteristics include studying behavior in everyday contexts, gathering data through observation and informal conversations, and interpreting meanings and functions without fixed categories. The aim is to capture natural human behavior through first-hand contact and understand cultural perspectives to effectively explain actions.
Case study vs Ethnography
Case Study is a method to deeply observe the characteristics of individual unit such as a person, a group or a community, in order to analyse various phenomena in relation to that unit of study.
Ethnography is a method to explore the nature of a certain social phenomenon and it tends to use unstructured data.
Case study and Ethnography
This document discusses case studies and ethnography as qualitative research methods. It provides details on what each method involves such as data collection techniques, characteristics, strengths, and limitations. A key difference noted is that ethnography requires participant observation and aims to understand a culture from the insider's perspective, while case studies take a more outward looking approach to deeply analyze a specific real-world instance or phenomenon in its context. Both methods are in-depth, interpretive approaches but ethnography typically requires longer-term fieldwork.
IntroductionQualitative research is more concerned with descrip.docx
Introduction:
Qualitative research is more concerned with description and the subjective nature of lived experiences than with the quantification of experience for the purpose of applying statistical procedures. Their methods differ, but both qualitative and quantitative approaches attempt to understand social and behavioral phenomena by systematically collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. As forms of disciplined inquiry, adherence to standards of rigor in the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods reduces the likelihood of unwanted bias, thereby increasing the overall validity or credibility of findings from any given study. Sampling procedures in qualitative studies are designed to bring the researcher in contact with the participants who are most likely to provide rich data. Qualitative studies do not sample in order to provide generalizations to a larger population, so securing a sample that is representative of the larger population is not a relevant concern.
Qualitative research, in contrast to quantitative, is more emergent in that research questions are likely to evolve over the course of the study as the researcher gains insight into the nature of the phenomena being observed through several phases of data collection (Creswell, 2014, p. 4). The investigator may begin by formulating a general research question from professional experiences or observations, and as the study progresses, refine these questions. In contrast to most quantitative studies, where the bulk of the relevant literature is reviewed prior to conducting the study, a qualitative researcher may not begin reading the literature until after the first round of data collection. Qualitative research aims for a holistic view of the participant's experiences by using observation and open-ended questions in in-depth interviews.
Qualitative research methodology uses an inductive reasoning process. It is based on philosophical assumptions that are very different from those that support quantitative research. Epistemologically, knowledge comes from understanding what meanings have been given to experiences and processes from first-hand accounts of people. The nature of reality, which falls under the branch of philosophy called ontology, is socially constructed by individuals and groups of people, and thus multiple realities exist due to the different interpretative lenses people bring to their experiences. Unlike quantitative research, which some view as being value-free, the role of values (the axiological assumptions), intuition, bias, and subjective experience are an important component of what the researcher consciously and purposefully examines.
More recent philosophic traditions that have informed qualitative approaches to research include those that address the perspective of people from socially or politically marginalized populations, such as feminist, critical theory, hermeneutic, and multicultural perspectives. From these per ...
Ethnographic research (2)
This document provides an overview of ethnographic research. It defines ethnography as the in-depth study of a culture or social group through techniques like observation and interviews. There are different types of ethnographic designs, including realist ethnographies which provide an objective account, case studies which focus on a specific event or activity, and critical ethnographies which aim to advocate for marginalized groups. Key characteristics of ethnographic research include studying cultural themes, a culture-sharing group, collecting data through fieldwork, analyzing shared patterns of behavior, and interpreting findings within their proper context while being reflexive of the researcher's role.
Qualitative Research in Education
This ppt is made for Ph.D. Scholars, M.Ed., M.A.Education and other PG students. The advance version of this ppt in MP4 is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2qMwrmUbe0
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods including phenomenology, ethnography, historical research, and case studies. It defines each method and provides examples of topics that have been studied using each approach. Phenomenology seeks to understand lived experiences, ethnography studies social groups and cultures, historical research interprets past events, and case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a specific situation. The document also contrasts qualitative and quantitative research.
ETHNOGRAPHY I: What It Is, Where It Came From & How To Do It
This is the lecture I delivered on the 'Becoming Social Scientist' undergraduate module at the University of Birmingham, as the part of a whole module with students. This is the first introductory lecture entitled 'Ethnography I: Introduction'. During the lecture, it was continuous, the effort to link ethnography with Social Innovation and Design Thinking applied research perspective of Ethnography in the broader social and business context of Birmingham.
Qualitative Research Methodology - Ethnography
This document provides an overview of ethnography as a qualitative research methodology. It defines ethnography as the systematic study of people and cultures from the point of view of the subject. Ethnography involves direct observation and interaction with participants in their natural environment through methods such as interviews and surveys. It requires skills such as interpretative agility, impartiality, and cultural sensitivity. The document outlines the history, key features, advantages, and disadvantages of ethnographic research and provides guidance on its applications and effective conduct.
Participant observation
Participant observation is a qualitative research method where a researcher immerses themselves in a group to observe and participate in their daily lives over an extended period of time. This allows the researcher to gain an intimate understanding of the group's practices, behaviors, and culture. There are various levels of participation a researcher can take, from non-participatory observation to fully embracing the group's customs. While this provides rich insights, it also carries risks like bias and losing objectivity. Participant observation works best when little is known about a topic or to study phenomena in natural settings.
Participant observation
Participant observation is a qualitative research method where a researcher immerses themselves in a group to observe and participate in their daily lives over an extended period of time. This allows the researcher to gain an intimate understanding of the group's practices, behaviors, and culture. There are various levels of participation a researcher can take, from non-participatory observation to fully embracing the group's customs. While this provides rich insights, it also carries risks like bias and losing objectivity. Participant observation works best when little is known about a topic or setting and a detailed understanding is needed.
Participant observation
Participant observation is a qualitative research method where a researcher immerses themselves in a group to observe and participate in their daily lives over an extended period of time. This allows the researcher to gain an intimate understanding of the group's practices, behaviors, and culture. There are various levels of participation a researcher can take, from non-participatory observation to complete participation where they are already a member of the group. While this provides valuable insights, it also has limitations such as potential researcher bias and not capturing a fully objective view of the group.
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_choosing_methodology_positivism_triangulation
This document discusses different research methodologies associated with positivism and interpretivism. Positivism is based on empirical evidence from sensory experience. Methodologies associated with positivism include experimental studies, surveys, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal studies. Interpretivism assumes social reality is subjective and context-dependent. Methodologies associated with interpretivism include hermeneutics, ethnography, participative inquiry, action research, case studies, and grounded theory. The document also discusses triangulation, which uses multiple research strategies or data sources to confirm findings. Types of triangulation include data sources triangulation, investigator triangulation, methods triangulation, theoretical triangulation, and data analysis triangulation.
ETHNOGRAPHY. presentation for advanced classroom action research
This document provides an overview of ethnography. It defines ethnography as a qualitative research method that involves observing and understanding the cultural practices of a group in their natural setting. The document outlines the meaning, purpose, characteristics, uses, methodology, skills required, and advantages and shortcomings of ethnographic research. It explains that the goal of ethnography is to obtain a deep understanding of people and their culture from their perspective through fieldwork methods like observation and interviews.
The Nature of Research
This document defines research and outlines its key characteristics. Research is defined as a systematic process of investigating problems based on facts and logic rather than opinions. It involves gathering original data, analyzing it critically and reaching evidence-based conclusions. Research is characterized as expert, systematic, objective, patient and carefully documented. The main types of research are applied, basic, historical, descriptive and experimental. Descriptive research seeks to characterize existing situations through techniques like content analysis, case studies, surveys and participant observation.
Handout qualitative research (1).docx
Qualitative research aims to understand human behavior and the reasons behind decisions. There are several approaches, including ethnographic research, field research, phenomenology, and case studies. Ethnographic research involves immersing oneself in a culture to observe and take notes. Field research also observes groups in their natural environment but from within. Phenomenology focuses on subjective experiences through interviews. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a specific case, person, or activity.
qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research design. It discusses the main qualitative research designs used in nursing, including phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case study, and historical research. For each design, it describes key characteristics, academic roots, examples, features, types, perspectives, sampling methods, data collection techniques, and conclusions. The overall purpose is to introduce different approaches to qualitative inquiry and how they are applied in nursing research.
Interdisciplinary seminarvii traditionsinqualitativeresearch
A video about the main traditions in qualitative research. Some information about their basic characteristics and/or procedures are included.
Ethno-Report.doc
This document defines and describes ethnographic research. It discusses that ethnography involves observing and describing a culture or group through methods such as participant observation, interviews, and collection of artifacts. It outlines some key characteristics of ethnographic research such as long-term involvement in the field, collection of large amounts of data, and having no pre-determined hypotheses. The document also discusses different types of ethnographies including realist, case studies, and critical ethnographies. Finally, it covers the steps involved in conducting ethnographic research and analyses some of the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
Similar to Shan mahmood 57 ethnography (20)
IntroductionQualitative research is more concerned with descrip.docx
IntroductionQualitative research is more concerned with descrip.docx
ETHNOGRAPHY I: What It Is, Where It Came From & How To Do It
ETHNOGRAPHY I: What It Is, Where It Came From & How To Do It
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_choosing_methodology_positivism_triangulation
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_choosing_methodology_positivism_triangulation
ETHNOGRAPHY. presentation for advanced classroom action research
ETHNOGRAPHY. presentation for advanced classroom action research
Interdisciplinary seminarvii traditionsinqualitativeresearch
Interdisciplinary seminarvii traditionsinqualitativeresearch
Recently uploaded
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Recently uploaded (20)
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Shan mahmood 57 ethnography
- 2. MEMBERS : SHAN MAHMOOD 57 AHSAN ANWAR 36 MUHAMMAD UMAR 49 AYESHA ILAYS 11 NAMRA MUNIR 22 RIDA IJAZ 26
- 5. Ethnography is a social science research method. It relies heavily on up-close, personal experience and possible participation, not just observation, by researchers trained in the art of ethnography. It involves a commitment to get close to the subject being observed in its natural setting, to be factual and descriptive in reporting what is observed, and to find out the points of view of participants in the domain observed.
- 7. CHARACTERISTIC OF ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH: CONTEXTUAL The research is carried out in the context in which the subjects normally live and work. UNOBTRUSIVE The research avoids manipulating the phenomena under investigation. • LONGITUDINAL The research is relatively long.
- 8. CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH: COLLABORATIVE The research involves the participation of stakeholders other than the researcher. INTERPRETATIVE The researcher carries out interpretative analyses of the data. ORGANIC There is interaction between questions/ hypotheses and data collection/ interpretation.
- 10. (a) People's behavior is studied in everyday contexts, rather than under experimental conditions created by the researcher. (b) Data are gathered from a range of sources, but observation and/or relatively informal conversations are usually the main ones. (c) The approach to data collection is "unstructured in the sense that it does not involve following through a detailed plan set up at the beginning; nor are the categories used for interpreting what people say and do pre-given or fixed. This does not mean that the research is unsystematic; simply that initially the data are collected in as raw a form, and on as wide a front, as feasible.
- 11. (d) The focus is usually a single setting or group, of relatively small scale. In life history research the focus may even be a single individual. (e) The analysis of the data involves interpretation of the meanings and functions of human actions and mainly takes the form of verbal descriptions and explanations, with quantification and statistical analysis playing a subordinate role at most.
- 13. NATURALISM This is the view that the aim of social research is to capture the character of naturally occurring human behavior, and that this can only be achieved by first-hand contact with it, not by inferences from what people do in artificial settings like experiments or from what they say in interviews about what they do elsewhere.
- 14. UNDERSTANDING From this point of view, if we are to be able to explain human actions effectively we must gain an understanding of the cultural perspectives on which they are based. That this is necessary is obvious when we are studying a society that is alien to us, since we shall find much of what we see and hear puzzling.
- 16. DISCOVERY Another feature of ethnographic thinking is a conception of the research process as inductive or discovery-based; rather than as being limited to the testing of explicit hypotheses.
- 17. The design of an ethnographic research is deceptively simple. It appears to require only one “act naturally.” Then again, looking beyond, conducting an ethnographic research is a process of discovery. It is something that cannot be programmed. It is not a matter of following methodological rules but a practical activity requiring the exercise of one’s judgment.
- 19. Typical ethnographic research employs three kinds of data collection: interviews, observation, and documents. This in turn produces three kinds of data: quotations, descriptions, and excerpts of documents, resulting in one product: narrative description. watching what happens listening to what is said asking questions through informal and formal interviews collecting documents and artifacts
- 20. The data collected include, in addition to the rich descriptive accounts, photographs, maps, figures, tables, texts, audio and video records, and transcriptions. The most common types of method used in data collection are interviews [both formal and informal], documents [also both formal and informal/ official], and through observation.
- 21. In conducting an ethnographic research, there are also certain ethical concerns that are being raised every now and then. Over-all, they can be summarized as: informed consent privacy harm exploitation