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Seu seminar Ive de kesel
- 1. Mekong Delta I. De Kesel – C. Goetelen – A. Van Iseghem Prof. Boelens
- 2. Flows through: China – Myanmar – Laos – Thailand – Cambodia – Vietnam from: Tanglha Mountains to: South China Sea Mekong
- 3. Table of contents Mekong Delta: • Topics: – Water management – Sedimentation – Urbanization – Angkor Wat, Combodia VS. West-European approach
- 4. Water management • Mekong Delta Master Plan (1993) • Mekong Delta Plan (2010) • Vietnamese – Netherlands cooperation Reference: Nijhuis & Meyer, 2014
- 5. Approach: begin with the end in mind 1. State-of-the-basin analysis 2. Develop plausible future scenarios and a long-term vision for a safe, prosperous & sustainable delta 3. Move back to present time and determine no-regret and priority steps 4. Adapt step-by-step within the regular planning system Reference: Mekong Delta Plan, 2013
- 6. Reference: Mekong Delta Plan, 2013
- 7. State of the Basin: water related challenges (timeline) Reference: Mekong Delta Plan, 2013
- 8. Strategies • ‘Living with the floods’ strategy • Full protection strategy (closed system) • ‘Room for the river’ concept (open system) = middle/long term No-regret strategies: • Transit Oriented Development (TOD) • Water retention strategy = short term Reference: Nijhuis & Meyer, 2014
- 9. Mekong Delta Reference: Nijhuis & Meyer, 2014
- 10. Sedimentation • Agriculture and fishery • N, P, K > 50 mineral fertilizers for rice crops • Rise of the sea level sediments ensure that the land is rising
- 11. Upstream developments Hydropolitic Reference: World rivers review – Published by International Rivers – Vol. 29 / No. 4 December 2014
- 12. Urbanization • Today: – 17 million inhabitants – 75% lives in rural area • Future: – 2050: 30 million inhabitants – 50% urbanization rate Reference: Trang, 2013
- 13. • 2010 • 17.4 million inhabitants • 30% urbanization rate Reference: Trang, 2013
- 14. • 2020 • 20-21 million inhabitants • 33-35% urbanization rate Reference: Trang, 2013
- 15. • 2050 • 30-35 million inhabitants • 40-50% urbanization rate Reference: Trang, 2013
- 16. Urbanization • First class agricultural soils have been (or will be) turned into industrial zones – 35% of them are actually occupied – Lack of cooperation between provinces, towns and cities (competition between them) – Fragmentation of urban areas
- 17. Can Tho Reference: DQ Pham, TTT Pham, 2013
- 18. Problems • Flooding • Urban sprawl • Industrialization (negative impact on water) • Unstable urban development strategy • Insufficient water management • Lack of integration
- 20. Mekong Delta Plan • Delta stands at a crossroads: 1. Industrialization + urbanization 2. Innovation of agricultural based economy 4 scenarios: 1. Corridor Industrialization Scenario 2. Food Production Scenario 3. Agro-business Industrialization 4. Dual-Node Industrialization
- 21. Corridor Industrialization • Urban-industrial concentration in Ho Chi Minh City – Can To corridor • Fragmentation Reference: Government of Vietnam, 2013
- 22. Food Production • Not able to materialize the economic transition process • Food production based economy Reference: Government of Vietnam, 2013
- 23. Agro-Business Industrialization • Regional hub specialized in high- value agriculture (export/import) • Non-food industry and services outside the delta • E.g. Dutch horticulture Reference: Government of Vietnam, 2013
- 24. Dual Node Industrialization • Diversified economy • High-value agriculture + tertiary sector activities • Integrated/coordinated spatial planning • 2 urban-industry nodes: Ho Chi Minh + Can Tho Reference: Government of Vietnam, 2013
- 25. Angkor Wat - Cambodia
- 26. Socio-ecological resilience • Complex • Co-evolution • To adapt & transform • Multilayer flood • Diversification Reference: Barbara Tempels, 2015