Session 8 18- hege a pettersen - ship safety and..
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This document discusses the ethical dilemmas that can arise regarding medical examinations for seafarers. It notes the conflict between ship safety requirements and seafarers' individual rights. Seafarers must present a valid health certificate to work, but certificates may not always accurately reflect a seafarer's physical and mental fitness. This can put the ship's safety at risk but also threatens the seafarer's employment if issues are later identified. The document explores this dilemma and considers approaches like relying on both medical certificates and seafarer self-declarations of health.
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Medical ethical dilemma
The dilemma to use drugs for treatment as the standard for care creates problems for drug side effects that cause harm and death of patients.
The problem of the drug side effects and prescription errors kill more patients, according to Lazarus et al (1998), an "estimated of 106,000 deaths occur annually due to adverse drug side effects" for standard of care for "practicing medicine".
In the case of prescription drug, the ethical issue is standard of care for treatment, and is complicated because of adverse drug effect.
The dilemma for standard of care by drugs is the problem for unexpected adverse reaction to drug that harms patients for medical law, ethics, and bioethics.
The standard of care for practicing medicine is a drug for a treatment can never be about ethics between a doctor and a patient.
To think health care coverage for vaccination and immunization is standard of care for introducing virus, bacteria and toxin cause sickness for practicing medicine (use of drugs) for treatment.
There are no medical ethics that said 'to treat patients right by giving advice' instead, the standard of care is prescribing drugs with side effect is practicing medicine "drug" for compliance with treatment that cannot apply to the doctrine "to do no harm".
According "to the ethical guidance in the Era of managed Care" by Higgins & Hackett (2000), an analysis of the American College of Healthcare Executives' (ACHE) Code of ethics suggests, "the managed care revolution undermining the medical ethics and that it does not adequately address several ethical concerns." Bioethics is the study of life, moral and ethical issues for debate as it relates to medical policy and practice that were appropriate for legal standard and standard of care, which can arise from the relationship between biology, technology, medicine, politics, law and philosophy, especially in the application for life and reproduction such as the recent event about plan parenthood.
Without a change to the current system for standard of care of practicing medicine by diagnose diseases to prescribe drugs for treatment for health care coverage, the answer is no.
Hippocratic Oath
1) Physicians are required to care for individual patients solely based on medical needs, without consideration for costs or other societal factors.
2) The author describes an experience with an orthopedic surgeon in Tripura, India who seemed to view the doctor-patient relationship as ending immediately after consultation and did not recognize the author within 30 minutes.
3) The doctor-patient relationship should involve personal bonding and care beyond just medical consultation, though it is unrealistic to expect doctors to remember every detail of every patient. There needs to be a balance between patient care and doctor workload.
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Medical ethical dilemma
The dilemma to use drugs for treatment as the standard for care creates problems for drug side effects that cause harm and death of patients.
The problem of the drug side effects and prescription errors kill more patients, according to Lazarus et al (1998), an "estimated of 106,000 deaths occur annually due to adverse drug side effects" for standard of care for "practicing medicine".
In the case of prescription drug, the ethical issue is standard of care for treatment, and is complicated because of adverse drug effect.
The dilemma for standard of care by drugs is the problem for unexpected adverse reaction to drug that harms patients for medical law, ethics, and bioethics.
The standard of care for practicing medicine is a drug for a treatment can never be about ethics between a doctor and a patient.
To think health care coverage for vaccination and immunization is standard of care for introducing virus, bacteria and toxin cause sickness for practicing medicine (use of drugs) for treatment.
There are no medical ethics that said 'to treat patients right by giving advice' instead, the standard of care is prescribing drugs with side effect is practicing medicine "drug" for compliance with treatment that cannot apply to the doctrine "to do no harm".
According "to the ethical guidance in the Era of managed Care" by Higgins & Hackett (2000), an analysis of the American College of Healthcare Executives' (ACHE) Code of ethics suggests, "the managed care revolution undermining the medical ethics and that it does not adequately address several ethical concerns." Bioethics is the study of life, moral and ethical issues for debate as it relates to medical policy and practice that were appropriate for legal standard and standard of care, which can arise from the relationship between biology, technology, medicine, politics, law and philosophy, especially in the application for life and reproduction such as the recent event about plan parenthood.
Without a change to the current system for standard of care of practicing medicine by diagnose diseases to prescribe drugs for treatment for health care coverage, the answer is no.
Hippocratic Oath
1) Physicians are required to care for individual patients solely based on medical needs, without consideration for costs or other societal factors.
2) The author describes an experience with an orthopedic surgeon in Tripura, India who seemed to view the doctor-patient relationship as ending immediately after consultation and did not recognize the author within 30 minutes.
3) The doctor-patient relationship should involve personal bonding and care beyond just medical consultation, though it is unrealistic to expect doctors to remember every detail of every patient. There needs to be a balance between patient care and doctor workload.
Hippocrates, The First Epidemilogy
Hippocrates was the first Epidemiologist.
First expound the theory that diseases had natural, not supernatural, causes and that the body could heal itself.
The hippocratic oath
The document discusses the history and modern versions of the Hippocratic Oath. The original oath was believed to be written by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC and was sworn by early physicians to uphold ethical standards of medicine. The modern version from 1964 by Louis Lasagna includes pledges to respect scientific knowledge, care for patients' well-being and privacy, prevent disease, and share medical expertise with others. The Hippocratic Oath establishes physicians' professional responsibilities and ethical treatment of patients.
Hippocratic oath ppt
Hippocrates was a Greek physician born around 460 BC on the island of Cos. He is considered the father of modern medicine. The Hippocratic Oath is believed to be the earliest expression of medical ethics and is still used today by physicians. The original oath called on Apollo and other gods as witnesses and included promises to teach medicine, help the sick, avoid harming patients, keep patient information private, and more. A modern version updated the language while keeping similar ethical principles of caring for patients and doing no harm. Breaking the oath was taken seriously in ancient times and could mean losing the right to practice medicine, while today it may result in malpractice penalties.
Hippocrates
Hippocrates is considered the father of modern medicine. He developed existing ideas of balancing the four humors in the body and emphasized careful observation and record keeping of illnesses. This allowed doctors to make better diagnoses and predictions of diseases by comparing new cases to previous ones. Hippocrates' legacy was establishing clinical observation as the basis of medical practice.
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Seamanship - Right of Seafarers under ILO Convention
This topic discuss about the right of seafarers under International Labor Organization Convention include the minimum age requirement, right to have proper working condition, accommodation, medical care, and legal compliance.
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This document summarizes the key aspects of the OSH Act No. 1 of 2004, including its strategies, provisions, and duties imposed on employers, employees, and others. The Act establishes an OSH authority and agency to develop policies, standards, and enforce the law. It covers all workplaces and imposes duties to ensure health and safety. Employers must implement safety programs, training, and protections. The Act establishes requirements for machinery, fire, health, and welfare facilities. It also outlines penalties for noncompliance and requirements to report injuries.
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This document outlines the content of a session on managing employee labour relations for effective performance. It discusses statutory requirements for employee health and safety under Kenyan law and outlines employer and employee obligations. These include ensuring a safe working environment free of risks, providing protective equipment, training employees on safety guidelines, and employees taking care of their own safety and reporting any issues. The document also discusses employee welfare and service programs that employers should provide like monitoring working conditions and employee insurance. It presents a case study of an unsafe factory where machinery was uncovered, employees didn't use protective equipment, and one was injured while intoxicated at work.
Gmb 6070 session 8 - june 27th (fil eminimizer) (fileminimizer)
This document outlines the content of a session on managing employee labour relations for effective performance. It discusses statutory requirements for employee health and safety under Kenyan law and outlines employer and employee obligations. These include ensuring a safe working environment free of risks, providing protective equipment, training employees on safety guidelines, and employees taking care of their own safety and reporting any issues. The document also discusses employee welfare and service programs that employers should provide like monitoring working conditions and employee insurance. It presents a case study of an unsafe factory where machinery was uncovered, employees were not using protective equipment or following safety protocols, resulting in a serious employee injury.
SSEmployee Handbook
The document provides an overview of policies for employees at Sapid Sweets, a producer of high quality chocolate. It outlines policies regarding employment equity, pay equity, health and safety, job postings, orientations, descriptions, training, performance reviews, benefits including pension, workers compensation, dental/health plans, life insurance, vacations, holidays and more. The handbook aims to establish standards and inform employees of their rights and responsibilities.
OHSHA New Employee Orientation
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The document summarizes the key aspects of the Employees' State Insurance Act of 1948 in India. It discusses who the act applies to, how it is administered, and what benefits it provides. Specifically, it covers that the act: 1) Applies to factories employing 10 or more power-using employees or 20 or more non-power using employees; 2) Is administered by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation; and 3) Provides sickness, maternity, disability, dependents, medical, and funeral benefits for covered employees and their families.
August 8, 2012 Fair Treatment of Experienced Pilots Act .docx
August 8, 2012
Fair Treatment of Experienced Pilots Act
(The Age 65 Law)
Information, Questions and Answers
General
This document contains information relating to the Fair Treatment of Experienced Pilots Act (the
Act) that was signed into law by the President on December 13, 2007. That Act is recorded as
Public Law 110-135, and became effective immediately.
The Act is self-explanatory and clear in most respects, but it raises some questions. In an effort
to promote uniform understanding of the Act, and uniform implementation of its provisions, the
FAA is consolidating in this document questions and answers relating to safety issues, as those
questions are received and resolved. The date of the current revision is shown at the top of each
page, and is updated each time this document is revised with new or amended content.
For any question not addressed here, a Web visitor may address the question to the following
FAA email address: [email protected]
Your question will be acknowledged and answered as quickly as possible.
Please do not address questions to the FAA regarding § 44729(e) or § 44729(f) of the Act. Those
subparagraphs concern issues beyond the scope of the FAA’s safety mission.
Background
In November, 2006, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) revised the maximum
age for certain pilots in international operations from age 60 to age 65. Until December 13, 2007,
the United States, an ICAO member state, limited its pilots operating under Title 14 of the Code
of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 121 to age 60. Now those pilots may continue until age 65,
as specified in the Act.
The exact language of the Act can be downloaded at the following public website:
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ135.110.pdf
Key provisions of the Act include the following:
• As of December 13, 2007, part 121, § 121.383(c), specifying age 60, ceased to be effective.
• A pilot age 60+ acting as pilot in command (PIC) in international operations must be paired
with a pilot under age 60 (consistent with the current ICAO requirement).
• In domestic operations both pilots may be age 60+.
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• It permits the employment as a new-hire a pilot who reached age 60 before 12/13/07.
• Any pilot age 60+ must hold a first-class medical certificate, with a duration of 6 months.
• Any air carrier employing pilots age 60+ must adjust its training program to ensure such
pilots’ skill and judgment continue at acceptable levels.
• No air carrier may use the services of any person as a pilot on an airplane engaged in
operations under part 121 if that person has reached his or her 65th birthday.
Questions and Answers
Question #1: During international operations, must a pilot younger than age 60 be on the flight
deck at all times when a ...
FAA's BasicMED
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Chapter4hfam(factors affecting performance)
This document discusses factors that can affect the performance of aircraft maintenance engineers. It covers fitness and health, stress, time pressures, workload, and fatigue. Regarding fitness and health, there are no defined requirements but engineers should not work if their condition renders them unfit. Stress can come from domestic or work issues and manifest as irritability, forgetfulness, or substance abuse. Positive measures like exercise and diet can help maintain fitness, while medication, alcohol, and drugs may also impact performance.
Carter seahealth 4 12 tim [1]
This document discusses medical standards and certification for seafarers. It notes that international organizations like the ILO and IMO set overarching standards, while national authorities implement specific regulations in line with these standards and their own laws. Employers also set additional screening standards. The purpose of standards is to safeguard maritime safety and health. The document outlines what areas standards may cover and perspectives of different stakeholders. It describes the approach taken by the IMO and ILO on these issues and key texts related to medical certification. Barriers to mutual acceptance of certificates across countries are also discussed.
Day 2 1 carter seahealth 4 12[1]
This document discusses medical standards and certification for seafarers. It notes that international organizations like the ILO and IMO set overarching standards, while national authorities implement specific regulations in line with these standards and their own laws. Employers also set additional screening standards. The purpose of standards is to safeguard maritime safety and health. The document outlines topics medical examinations may cover and perspectives of different stakeholders. Ultimately, globally accepted guidelines and mutual recognition of certificates issued according to these standards could streamline the process while maintaining high safety and health protections for seafarers.
Day 2 1 carter seahealth 4 12[1]
This document discusses medical standards and acceptance of seafarer health certificates internationally. It notes that international organizations like ILO and IMO set overarching standards, while national authorities must align their own standards with these conventions. Employers also set additional screening standards. The purpose of standards is to safeguard maritime safety and health risks. The document outlines what areas standards may cover and perspectives of different stakeholders in maritime health. It describes efforts to develop more standardized guidelines to promote mutual acceptance of certificates internationally.
Carter seahealth 4 12 tim [1]
This document discusses medical standards and acceptance of seafarer health certificates internationally. It notes that the International Labour Organization (ILO) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) establish international conventions on medical standards that national maritime and health authorities implement in line with their own laws. Employers also set additional screening standards. The purpose of standards is to safeguard maritime safety and minimize individual risk. The document outlines what areas standards may cover and perspectives on maritime health. It describes the IMO and ILO's approaches and key texts. Developing guidelines on medical examinations and ensuring mutual acceptance of certificates issued in different countries faces barriers but could reduce costs and improve seafarer welfare if implemented.
Introduction to health and safety slides for NEBOSH preparation
The document discusses health and safety management in the workplace. It outlines the moral, social and financial reasons for managing health and safety, including impacts on workers and their families as well as costs to companies. It also describes how health and safety is regulated through laws and standards from bodies like the ILO and ISO, with consequences for non-compliance like fines and prosecution. The main health and safety duties of employers, workers, directors, and managers are summarized. Effective contractor selection and management is also highlighted.
Topic 03 - Saudi Arabia Regulations.pptx
The document discusses health and safety regulations in Saudi Arabia. It outlines that the Ministry of Human Resource and Social Development is responsible for implementing health and safety regulations in the kingdom. It also discusses specific obligations of employers, such as providing appropriate personal protective equipment and training to workers, maintaining a safe work environment, and reporting and compensating for work injuries. The document provides details on regulations regarding industries like construction, mines and quarries, as well as requirements for appointing health and safety officers.
How to get MLC certificate.pdf
The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC 2006) is an international standard that applies to shipping companies. If you provide seafarer recruitment and placement services, you have the opportunity to engage in the MLC Certification Process and apply for an MLC certificate for your company. Specifically, MLC 2006, Regulation 1.4 certification becomes a requisite for crewing agencies, and manning agents must possess an MLC certificate.
Due Diligence & Ontario's Occupational Safety Act
This document summarizes Ontario's Occupational Health and Safety Act and regulations. It outlines the key duties of employers, supervisors, workers, and joint health and safety committees. It also describes workers' rights such as the right to know, participate, refuse dangerous work, and stop work if conditions are unsafe. Procedures for work refusals and stoppages are provided. Reporting requirements for accidents, injuries, and critical injuries are also summarized. Employer offenses and penalties are outlined. The concept of due diligence as a legal defense is also briefly explained.
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Seamanship - Right of Seafarers under ILO Convention
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Session 1 3 - horneland am - guidance to the new regulations - 2014.08.26
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This document provides guidance on new regulations from the Department of Occupational Medicine. It aims to support doctors in their decision making and ensure harmonized, evidence-based risk assessments. The guidance covers topics like vision, hearing, physical capacity and common medical conditions. It is an online resource that will be updated regularly based on experience and feedback to aid doctors in evaluating seafarers' medical certificates.Session 1 2 - horneland am - the approved doctors responsibilities and the p...
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- 1. ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION Ship safety and seafarers individual rights - how do shipowners deal with the possible conflicts
- 2. SHIP SAFETY The Ship Safety and Security Act General duties of the company (sec. 6) The company has an overall duty to see to that the operation of the ship is in accordance with the rules. The company shall take steps to ensure that all the persons working on board have the opportunity to fulfill their obligations under the law. Based on international principles.
- 3. SEAFARERS’ INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS Starting point The seafarers employment contract – the seafarer has a right and a duty to work on board – Two perspectives: Where the seafarer wishes to work, and where he/she does not want to work
- 4. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS TO WORK ON BOARD “Any person who is working on board must be physically and mentally fit for the service and not pose a danger to other persons on board. The employee shall present a health certificate that states that the conditions of the first sentence are fulfilled, and shall be required to submit to medical examination whenever the master considers that there are reasons for this to be done.” Valid health certificate - condition for employment Health certificate sufficient to fulfill the safety ne requirements for the operation og the ship = no dilemmas (?)
- 5. POSSIBLE CONFLICTS Pre employment – no employment without health certificate While employed – certificate not renewed/permanently withdrawn – seafarer might be dismissed if not on sick leave, or if on sick leave after 12 months The dilemma situation – health certificate not reflecting the seafarers health ( physically and mentally fit) The ship safety must prevail against seafarers’ individual rights ?
- 6. HEALTH CERTIFICATE AND SEAFARER’S SELF-DECLARATION Duty of loyalty - based on the idea that an employer should be able to trust an employee The employer does not have access to the information on which the medical certificate is based Often limited time – a decision has to be taken, and the legal consequences decided later Loss of license Insurance (8G) - may only be paid out once
- 7. SUFFICIENT HEALTH REQUIREMENTS Ship labour act – age limit changed from 62 to 70 years Will the medical examination be sufficient to discover possible health problems likely to appear with increasing age?